Crooked knees or gambrels, causing an outward projection of the feet, deduct 3.
ART. 17.--_Tail_, set on full and round, at a level with the back, small in the cord, and finishing with a ta.s.sel of white hair. 2
ART. 18.--_Carca.s.s_ or _Barrel_, round and straight, its posterior ribs springing nearly horizontal from the vertebra, with less curve as they approach the posterior plates, with full and well developed anterior plates covering deep the springing rib. 4
ART. 19.--_Color_, always red, but of different shades. A medium red should be preferred; the very dark red coming slower to maturity, their beef of poorer quality, of less weight, and inferior milking qualities; the light red less hardy, but claim earlier maturity and superior beef qualities. Some white about the udder is common to all the various shades, but confined to that part alone. In all cases the color grows lighter about the muzzle, while a color, verging almost to a black and growing yet darker about the head, always was a very objectionable color for the true North Devon, and when accompanied with a dark nose should be rejected. 2
ART. 20.--_--Hair_, should be short, thick, and fine; even throughout the body, and short about the head; a long, coa.r.s.e foretop, accompanied by harsh, wiry hair elsewhere, objectionable. 2
ART. 21.--_Udder_, should be wide and well spread, projecting well forward and back, wide between the teats but not hanging; with milk veins large and extending well forward. 9
ART. 22.--_Carriage_, the Devons having, from their excellence in the yoke, another destiny besides that of the butcher"s block, it is important that the animal"s carriage should indicate as much; to obtain this, something of the heavy, inert, squarely moulded frame of the merely beefing animal must be relinquished for a lighter and more active frame. 3
ART. 23.--_Quality_, to combine this with the other highly important and characteristic properties of the Devon, requires no small skill, observation, and care in the breeder. For without this, in the eye of the experienced grazier and butcher, the animal is considered nearly worthless. No beauty of form can compensate for a hard, stiff feature, unyielding to the touch.
The skin should have, when pressed between the thumb and finger, a mellow, yet substantial feel, and when beneath the outspread hand it should move easily with it, back and forth, as though resting on a soft, elastic, cellular substance, which becomes firmer as the animal ripens, forming a beautiful marbled beef, which is highly esteemed in the London market. 10 A thin papery skin is objectionable in a cold climate. --- Perfection. 100
The foregoing Scale of Points of Devon Cattle which the a.s.sociation has adopted, is mainly that published by the New York State Agricultural Society, with such alterations and additions as the Committee deemed proper. The numbers affixed to the points described form the _maximum_ that is allowed for each; and in proportion as the animal under examination is deficient in any point, so must the number be decreased, even should nothing be allowed for that point. Points which are characteristic, and therefore _common to the breed_, though very valuable in themselves, are marked comparatively low, because they are easily obtained, and demand but little attention on the part of the breeder; nevertheless an animal _not_ possessing the characteristics of _the breed_, must of necessity be almost worthless. On the other hand, points of less value, which are characteristic _deficiencies_ in the breed, or at any rate difficult to sustain at their maximum excellence, are marked numerically high, as they go _far_ to complete the natural excellence of the animal.
H. M. SESSIONS, SO. WILBRAHAM, Ms., } _Committee_ B. H. ANDREWS, WATERBURY, Conn., } _on Devon_ EPHRAIM H. HYDE, STAFFORD, Conn., } _Pedigrees._
The following _Blank Table_ is for the use of _Judges_ in their examination of _Devon Cattle_, according to the _Scale of Points_ adopted by the _Cattle Breeders" a.s.sociation_.
_No premium_ should be awarded to an animal having less than seventy-five Numbers or approved Points.
--------+----------------------------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | Name or Number of Animal. |Comet, 00 | 00 | | | | +----------------------------+ | | | | | | | Maximum | | | | | | | | Number. |Pedigrees.| --> | | | | | +------+------+ | | | | | Article.| Points. |Bulls.| Cows.| | | | | | --------+--------------+------+------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+ 1 | Head, | 4 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 2 | Nose, | 5 | 3 | 0 | | | | | 3 | Eye, | 4 | 3 | 0 | | | | | 4 | Ear, | 2 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 5 | Horns, | 2 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 6 | Neck, | 5 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 7 | Chest, | 12 | 6 | 0 | | | | | 8 | Brisket, | 4 | 4 | 0 | | | | | 9 | Shoulder, | 4 | 5 | 0 | | | | | 10 | Crops, | 3 | 5 | 0 | | | | | 11 | Back, Loins, | | | | | | | | | Hips, | 6 | 8 | 0 | | | | | 12 | Rumps, | 5 | 3 | 0 | | | | | 13 | Twist, | 3 | -- | 0 | | | | | 14 | Escutcheon, | -- | 8 | 0 | | | | | 15 | Quarters, | 6 | 6 | 0 | | | | | 16 | Flanks, | 3 | 4 | 0 | | | | | 17 | Legs, | 5 | 5 | 0 | | | | | 18 | Tail, | 2 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 19 | Carca.s.s, or | | | | | | | | | Barrel, | 3 | 4 | 0 | | | | | 20 | Color, | 1 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 21 | Hair, | 2 | 2 | 0 | | | | | 22 | Udder, | -- | 9 | 0 | | | | | 23 | Carriage, | 4 | 3 | 0 | | | | | 24 | Quality, | 15 | 10 | 0 | | | | | | PERFECTION, | 100 | 100 | 00 | | | | | --------+--------------+------+------+----------+-----+-----+-----+-----+
HERD RECORD OF a.s.sOCIATION
OF
BREEDERS
OF
THOROUGH-BRED NEAT STOCK.
=DEVONS.=
EXPLANATION.--The figures in parenthesis with the letter E, thus, (00E) refer to Davy"s third volume of English Devon Herd Book. The figures in parenthesis, thus, (00) refer to Davy"s first and second volumes, and Howard"s third volume. The figures, thus 00, refer to numbers adopted by the a.s.sociation for this volume.
=BULLS.=
=1 Abe,=
Calved September 2d, 1861; bred by H. M. SESSIONS, South Wilbraham, Ma.s.s.
Sire MERIDEN 66; 2d sire Hiawatha 47; 3d sire Comet (162).
Dam WYNONA 348 (1524) by Reubens 2d 105 (552); 2d dam Jane 161 (1329) by Albert (2); 3d dam Topsy 1st 335 by Bloomfield (148); 4th dam Fancy (710) by Exchange (197); 5th dam old Fancy (709) by Taurus (320); 6th dam one of the heifers presented by the Earl of Leicester to Mr. Robert Patterson, of Maryland, in 1817.
=2 Abe Lincoln,=
Calved July 9th, 1861; bred by E. H. HYDE, Stafford, Conn. the property of A. L. BENTON, Tolland, Conn.
Sire STAFFORD 2D 115; 2d sire Stafford 114; 3d sire Kossuth 53.
Dam BEAUTY 2D 26 by Kossuth 53; 2d dam Beauty 25 by Albert (2); 3d dam Lady Jane 195 by Bloomfield (372); 4th dam imported from the Earl of Leicester by the Ma.s.sachusetts Society for the Promotion of Agriculture.
=3 Baltimore,=
Calved 1861; bred by JAMES R. BLACKMAN, b.u.t.ternuts, Otsego County, N.
Y.; the property of HENRY HOTCHKISS, Smithville, Chenango County, N. Y.
Sire PONTIAC (527); 2d sire Exeter (198).
Dam bred from stock imported by George Patterson, Maryland.
=4 Baltimore,=
Calved May 30th, 1859; bred by JOHN ALLEN, Coldwater, Mich.; the property of J. H. GARDNER, Centerville, St. Joseph County, Mich.
Sire YOUNG ZACH. TAYLOR, bred by W. H. Miller, Moscow, Mich., out of Young Fairy 349; 2d sire Zack. Taylor, bred by E. P. Beck, Sheldon, N.
Y.; 3d sire Dibble (176) imported.
Dam YOUNG FAIRY 349 by Baltimore, (364); 2d dam Fairy, bred by J. W.
Collins, Sodus, N. Y., by Eclipse (191); 3d dam Caroline (1200) by a bull bred by the Messrs. Hurlbut; 4th dam Victoria (1512) by Exchange (197).
=5 Baltimore 2d,=
Calved April 24th, 1857; bred by E. C. BLISS, Westfield, N. Y.; the property of H. W. KNOWLTON, Freeport, Ill.
Sire BALTIMORE (364); 2d sire Eclipse (191).
Dam VICTORIA (1512) by Exchange (197); 2d dam Fancy 2d by Holkham (217); 3d dam Fancy (710) by Exchange (197); 7th dam Fancy old (709) by Taurus (302); 5th dam one of the heifers presented by the Earl of Leicester to Mr. Patterson, of Maryland, in 1817.