The latter--a Frenchman--had studied in Cordova, where the Caliph had built a university, where Arabian philosophy, itself derived from Greece and India, was taught. In Rheims Silvester has also studied philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and chemistry. He had been Abbot of Bobbio, Archbishop of Rheims and Ravenna, and, after protesting in many ecclesiastical a.s.semblies against the corruption of the Papacy, had himself become Pope.
The excitement caused by the execution of Crescentius compelled him to seek refuge on the Aventine with his pupil, the Emperor. From the cell of the little convent, near Adalbert"s chapel, he guided the destinies of Europe, while at leisure moments he devoted himself to his favourite sciences. For this reason he was reported to be a wizard.
One night as he sat, sunk in thought, at his table, which was covered with letters, the Emperor entered unannounced. He was a tall young man, dressed in an extraordinary garb, a dalmatica adorned with symbols from the Book of the Apocalypse, the Wild Beast and the Harlot, the Book of Seven Seals, and so on.
"Let me talk," he said; "I cannot sleep."
"What has happened, my son?"
"Letters have come--warnings--dreams."
"Tell me."
"Yes; you listen to me, but you don"t believe me, when I tell you the truth, and you are afraid of all new thoughts."
"What is new under the sun? Does not St. Augustine say regarding our holy faith, "What is called in our days Christianity, already existed since the creation of mankind to the birth of Christ. It was then that they began to call Christianity the true religion, which had already existed before. The truths taught by Christ are the same as the ancient ones, only more developed"?"
"Heretic, beware! You do not know what is taking place in the world."
"Let me hear."
"Pilgrims from many lands have been here, and tell of prodigies, visions, and wonders. In the south of France there are pestilence and famine, and human flesh has been sold in the butchers" shops; in Germany a fiery iron rod has been seen in the sky, and here in Italy these endless pilgrimages have recommenced. In Jerusalem the Church of the Holy Sepulchre has been plundered, and the temple of the False Prophet erected. The whole of Christendom is trembling, for in the immoral Popes of the last century they have seen the Antichrist. Christ"s amba.s.sador is murdered; yes, my friend Adalbert was the last up there in Poland: the heathen have reconquered all Christ"s conquests in Asia and Africa.
The followers of the False Prophet are in Spain, Sicily, and Naples, and threaten Rome. This can mean nothing less than the Last Judgment and destruction of the world, as announced in the Apocalypse."
"So it is the old story again?"
"Story! Get thee hence Satan, for thou savourest not the things which be of G.o.d, but those which be of men."
"Do you call me Satan?"
"Yes, when you deny the Word. Is it not written in John"s Apocalypse, "And when the thousand years are accomplished, Satan will be let loose from his prison. And he shall go to deceive the nations which are in the four ends of the earth, Gog and Magog"? There you have the northern peoples who are now in England, Normandy, and Sicily. Is not Theodora the great Babylonian Harlot? Is not the deceiver Muhammed the Wild Beast?"
"Wait, my son! I might quote a verse from the same chapter: "He who hath part in the first resurrection shall reign with Christ a thousand years." So that the Millennium is _beginning_ now, and cannot end forthwith."
"The old one ends, and the new begins."
"Just so! The old dark age is past, and we await Christ"s second coming on earth. If you retained the hope, you would see the new era dawn."
"I do not believe a word of what you say. The last year of the thousand years is here, and now I go out in the desert to await, with fasting, prayer, and penance, the day of the Lord, and the coming of my Redeemer.
I will pray for you, my father, but here our ways part, and you will see me no more."
The Emperor departed, and Silvester remained alone.
"I wait!" he said to himself, "but meanwhile I look after our worldly affairs." And he unfolded a map of the then known world. With a piece of red chalk he drew crosses and crowns, for the most part in the North.
But above Jerusalem he drew a flag with a lance.
The year 999 approached its end, and the Christians lived in a state of deadly anxiety. In Rome and its neighbourhood, all the active business of life had ceased. The fields were not sown, but lay covered with weeds; trade was at a stand-still; the shops were closed. Those who had anything gave it away, and had difficulty in finding anyone to take it.
The churches stood open day and night for three months, and each day was like Sunday. People wore their best clothes, for there was no object in keeping them, and they wished to be well dressed in order to meet the Redeemer on His arrival. Christmas had been kept with unwonted solemnity, and men lived at peace with one another. The guards of the city had nothing to do, for the fear of what was coming sufficed to maintain order. People slept with open doors, and no one dared to steal or to deceive. There was no need to do so, for everyone received what he asked for; bakers distributed bread gratis, and innkeepers allowed unlimited credit; the payment of debts was not exacted. The churches were crowded day and night; there was a ceaseless round of confessions, absolutions, ma.s.ses and communions.
It was the day before New Year"s Eve. Views were divided as to the nature of the coming catastrophe--whether it would come as a flood or as an earthquake. Most of the people remained outside their houses, some on the plain, others on the hills; all with their eyes directed towards heaven.
In the morning, the Plain of Mars was full of men, and a crowd formed a circle round a pile of wood. A madman stood on the pile and spoke, with a quant.i.ty of papers and parchments in his hand. He was a rich citizen who for three months had practised fasting and penance, and now, reduced to a skeleton, wished to escape the wrath to come. He had collected a large quant.i.ty of dry wood under the pretext of giving warmth to all pa.s.sing beasts of burthen. Since n.o.body troubled about what others did, he was allowed to do as he liked.
Near the pile of wood stood the remains of an old orator"s pulpit, and in that he took his stand after he had kindled the pile. "In the name of the Eternal G.o.d," he said, "so surely as I burn these bonds, will G.o.d the Lord erase my sins from His Book. For all sufferings which I have caused others, I will now suffer myself. Purifying fire, burn my wretched body with all its sins! Mounting flames, let me follow you upwards! Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!" He leaped from the pulpit, and fell in the midst of the flames, where he remained on his knees with folded hands till he was suffocated.
In the Forum a man was seen working with a miner"s iron bar at a rubbish-heap which should cover him: "Say to the mountains, Cover us,"
he sang.
From the Pons Sublicius a young couple sprang into the river, locked in an embrace which death could not loosen.
At mid-day the prisons were opened, and the prisoners were received as heroes and martyrs. They were taken to the houses of the n.o.bility, made to sit at table, and senators and their wives washed their feet.
"We are all sinners," people said, "and have nothing to boast of. These prisoners have endured their punishment while we went about free."
Never had there been such a display of philanthropy and mercy since the early days of Christianity.
The sick in the hospitals wanted to come outside, and their beds were carried into the streets and market-places. Everyone, in fact, wanted to be in the open air, and families brought their furniture into the streets. Birds were liberated from their cages, and horses from their stables. At first the latter ran about in the town, but as they scented the fresh air and reached the town gates they galloped off to the Campagna, to seek green pasture. Many, however, remained in the town, and lay about here and there, while children clambered on their backs.
The children were the only ones who felt no fear. They jumped about and played as usual, rejoicing in their freedom and the unusual aspect of things. No one wanted to restrain them, and as they did not understand what was the matter, they remained free from anxiety and went on playing.
New Year"s Eve had arrived, and the universal alarm rose to a great height. Masters and servants were seen embracing each other and weeping, the former lamenting their severity--the latter, their dishonesty. Old enemies, who met each other on the street, grasped hands and led each other about like children, singing hymns of praise. It was something like the Golden Age as imagined by the Fathers of the early Church.
The air was as mild as that of a spring day, and the sky was clear till noon. Then it became overclouded. No one ate or drank, but all bathed and put on their festal attire. During the afternoon processions of priests and monks marched through the town, and sang litanies, in which the people joined. Their Kyrie Eleison, "Christ, have mercy upon us,"
rang all over the town. All Rome was preparing for its own judgment and execution.
There were, however, a number of unbelieving and profligate persons who expected nothing new; they had a.s.sembled themselves in the catacombs and ruins, where they celebrated Baccha.n.a.lian feasts and orgies. In the ruins of Nero"s Golden House a banquet on a large scale had been arranged. In the centre on the ground there burned a fire, surrounded by tables and seats. There was abundance of victuals and wine, for which they only needed to go to the store-room and cellar. There were music, dancing, and singing, and between whiles they amused themselves by watching the bats and owls, which flitted about, scorch and singe themselves in the fire.
Their hilarity was loud, but not unforced. Here, too, philosophising and prophecy were in evidence.
"There is not going to be any Last Judgment to-day," said a young man, who looked as though he were a descendant of the Emperor Nero.
"Anyhow, if it comes, death cannot introduce us to anything worse than we have had in life."
"It has always seemed to me that we are in h.e.l.l. Headaches every morning, debts and disgrace, varied by occasional imprisonments."
"The Emperor sits naked in a grotto at the foot of Soracte."
"Vides ut alta stet nive candidum, Soracte."
"As we are speaking, life the envious flits away. Enjoy the present day, nor trust the morrow!"
"And the Pope is going to hold a midnight ma.s.s--he who has no faith in it himself."
"But he must put a good face on it, and go through with it."
"I know one woman who will not go to ma.s.s to-day."