"No, not against that, but against everything which I have seen and heard."
"For example? Do you mean eating and drinking?"
"Yes, that also."
"How petty-minded you are! I speak of the highest things, and you talk about eating and drinking. Fie! Martin! you are a meat-rejector and a wine-eschewing Turk! But I accept your challenge. Our Lord Christ allowed His disciples to pluck ears of corn on the Sabbath; that was against the law of Moses, and was disapproved of by the Pharisees....
You are a Pharisee. But now I will also remind you of what Paul writes to the Romans--the Romans among whom we count ourselves; perhaps as a German subject, you have not the right to do that. Well, Paul writes: "You look on the outside.""
"Pardon me, that is the Epistle to the Corinthians."
"Oh, you look on the outside too. But Paul says further, "All things are lawful to me, but all things are not profitable. All that is sold in the market-place, that eat and ask nothing for conscience" sake; for the earth is the Lord"s and the fulness thereof." Those are clear words, and a Frenchman would call them liberal-minded. But you come here like a Pharisee, and wish to rebuke your superiors for trifles; and the ordinances of men are more to you than G.o.d"s command. Fie! Martin!
Remember your own words: "We should obey G.o.d rather than men!" You conceited slave of the letter, you should read Paul."
Luther was not yet so familiar with the Holy Scriptures as he afterwards became, for in the convent he had chiefly studied the Corpus Juris, Aristotle, Virgil, and the comedies of Plautus, and was somewhat depressed after his severe inward conflicts. Therefore he gave no answer, but chafed internally.
"Have you any other question for me?" began the Augustinian again, with an affected air of sympathy which irritated Luther still more. "I can understand that our national customs have annoyed you as a--foreigner.
Every country has its own customs, and we keep our Roman Carnival by making ridicule of the dead G.o.ds of the old heathen, if one can call them G.o.ds! I believe you do the same in Germany, though in a coa.r.s.er way. You must put up with that. As regards the "Festival of the a.s.s,"
that had originally a beautiful significance, since the poor animal was honoured with the task of carrying our Saviour and His mother into Egypt. But, as you know, the common people drag everything that is great and beautiful into the dust. Can we help it? Can I do you any service?
Do you want anything?"
"Nothing; but I thank you!" Luther was again alone, and the fiends of doubt were again let loose upon him. The man was certainly right from his own point of view, and he had strengthened his a.s.sertions by arguments and by citations from Paul. But his point of view was false;--that was the matter. How, then, was one to alter one"s point of view? That was only the effect of faith through grace, and therefore not the work of man.
Then his introspective mind, which had been trained in the Aristotelian dialectic, began to examine his opponent"s point of view. A merciful loving Heavenly Father might very well smile at the follies and weaknesses of His human children; why, then, should we not be able to do the same? Why should we be stricter than He? As long as we live in the flesh, we must think according to the flesh, but that does not prevent the spirit obtaining its due rights.
Did not Paul himself say, "So then we hold that man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law"?
Yes, but were these drunken and licentious ecclesiastics really believers? The Prior had blasphemed the Sacrament, and given the prelate a dispensation from hearing confession and celebrating ma.s.s in consideration of a fee. That was monstrous, heathenish, and a Satanic abomination. Certainly, but faith itself was a gift bestowed by grace, and if these men had not obtained grace they were guiltless. But they were hardened sinners! Paul again gave the answer to this: "The Lord receives whom He will, and whom He will He hardeneth." If G.o.d had hardened them, as He hardened Pharaoh"s heart, then they were guiltless; and if so, why should we venture to judge and condemn them. A mill-wheel seemed to go round in his head, and he blamed Aristotle the heathen, who had seduced him in his youth, and taught him to split hairs about simple matters. He felt also that Paul could not help him, since such was his teaching. Feeling quite crushed, he knelt down again on his praying stool, and implored G.o.d to take him out of this world of lying deceit and uncertainty. In this world one was surrounded by darkness without being able to kindle a light; in this life one was driven to battle without having received weapons. So he prayed and struggled with himself till the evening.
Then the Prior came and fetched him. "My son," he said, "my dear brother, you must not make a paramour of religion; you must not practise it as a daily task or a bad habit. You must live your life and regard it as a melody, while religion is a gentle accompaniment to it. Work is for every day, rest and festival for Sundays. But if you keep your Sabbath on the week-day you sin.... Come! now I will show you Rome!"
Martin followed him, but unwillingly. The streets were illuminated, and the people were amusing themselves with dancing, music, and jugglers"
feats.
"You must know where we are going," said the Prior. "This Agostino Chigi is a banker, almost as rich as the House of Fugger in Augsburg, and he looks after the Pope"s business affairs. Moreover, he is a Maecenas, who patronises the fine arts. His especial protege is Raphael, who has just painted some beautiful large pictures in his villa, which we will now see."
They reached the Tiber, followed the right bank, went over a bridge, and stood before a garden which was enclosed by marble pillars and a--gilded iron fence. It was now dark, and the garden was illuminated by lanterns which hung on the boughs of the orange-trees, and so lit up the ripe fruits that they gleamed like gold. "White marble statues stood among the dark-leaved trees; fountains sent up jets of perfumed spray; among the shrubberies one saw ladies with their gallants; here a singer was accompanying himself on the lute; there a poet was reading his verses.
In the midst of the park stood the villa which resembled that of Maecenas in the Sabine Hills or Cicero"s Tusculum, and was adorned with statues" of heathen G.o.ds. The doors stood open, and there was a sound of music within. "People are not introduced to the host here," said the Prior, "for he does not like ceremony; therefore I leave you alone now, and you must find acquaintances for yourself; surprises are always pleasant."
Luther found himself alone, and turned irresolutely to the right, where he saw a row of illuminated rooms. They were full of guests drinking and chatting, but no one noticed the poor monk, who could listen undisturbed to their conversation. In the first room a group had formed round a man who was distributing specimens of a printed book, the leaves of which people were eagerly turning.
"Hylacompus? is that a pseudonym?" asked one of them.
"He is a--printer called Waldseemuller in Saint-Die."
"_Cosmographies Introductio_--a description of the New World."
"We shall at last get information about these fables of Columbus."
"Columbus will not travel any more."
"Columbus has travelled to--h.e.l.l! Now it is Amerigo Vespucci"s turn."
"He is a Florentine and a fellow-countrymen."
"Well, Columbus was a Genoese."
"Look you! Rome rules the world, the known and the unknown alike! _Urbs est urbs!_ And nowadays you can meet all the nations of the world at the house of the Roman Chigi. I have, as a matter of fact, seen Turks, Mongols, Danes, and Russians here this evening."
"I should like to see a Turk! I like the Turks especially, because they have blown that rotten Byzantium to pieces--Byzantium which dared to call itself the "Eastern Rome." Now there is only one Rome!"
"Do you know that our Holy Father is treating with Sultan Bajazet regarding help against Venice."
"Yes, but that is diabolical! We must at any rate act as though we were Christians."
"Act--yes; for I am not a Christian, nor are you."
"If one must have a religion, give me Islam! G.o.d is One! That is the whole of its theology; a prayer-mat is its whole liturgy."
"You have to have a washing-basin besides."
"And a harem."
"Things are certainly in a bad way with our religion. If one reads its history, it is a history of the decay of Christianity. That has been continually going on for fifteen hundred years since the days of the Apostles; soon the process of degeneration must be complete."
"And if one reads the history of the Papacy, it is the same."
"No, hush!" said a fat Cardinal, "you must let the papal throne remain till I have sat in it."
"After a Borgia, it would suit as well to have a Medici like you, and especially a son of Lorenzo the Magnificent."
"Will not the cardinals dance?" asked one, who seemed to be Chigi himself.
"Yes, after supper, in the pavilion, and behind closed doors," answered the Cardinal de Medici, "and after I have hung up the red hat."
So much was clear to Luther from the foregoing conversation,--that he had seen and heard the representatives of the highest ranks of the priesthood, and that the stout man was John de Medici, the candidate for the papal chair.
He went quickly through several other rooms where half-intoxicated women were coquetting with their paramours. At last he came into the great banqueting hall. There stood groups of amba.s.sadors and pilgrims, representing all nations of the world. They were looking at the ceiling and admiring the paintings on it. Luther followed their example, while he listened to their remarks.
"This is like looking at the sky; one has to lie on one"s back."
"I know nothing more beautiful than sunrise and the nude."
"Raphael is indeed a divine painter."
"What luck that Savonarola is burnt, else he would have burnt these paintings."
At the mention of Savonarola"s name the monk awoke from the state of aesthetic intoxication into which the pictures had brought him, and rushed out into the night. Savonarola, the last of the martyrs, who had sought to save Christendom and had been burnt! All were burnt who tried to serve Christ--by way of encouraging them.