Macaulay says "the wit of Congreve far outshines that of every comic writer, except Sheridan, who has arisen within the last two centuries."
Lord Dorset of whom we have above spoken deserves some pa.s.sing notice.
He was high in the favour of Charles II., James, and William; and was one of the most accomplished of the courtiers of that day, who, notwithwstanding their dissipation, were more or less scholars, and wrote poetry. What was better, he was a munificent supporter of real literary genius, and patronized Dryden, and to judge by their commendations was not neglectful of Congreve and Pope.
Most of his poems are in the pastoral strain, but do not show any great talent. Two or three of them have some humour--
"Dorinda"s sparkling wit and eyes United, cast too fierce a light, Which blazes high, but quickly dies, Pains not the heart, but hurts the sight;
"Love is a calmer, gentler joy, Smooth are his looks, and soft his pace; Her cupid is a blackguard boy That runs his link right in your face."
Lord Dorset was at the battle of Opdam when the Dutch Admiral"s fleet was destroyed in 1665. The night before the engagement he wrote the well known epistle
"To all you ladies now on land, We men at sea indite, And first would have you understand How hard it is to write; The Muses now and Neptune too, We must implore to write to you.
With a fa la la la la.
"For though the Muses should prove kind, And fill our empty brain, Yet if rough Neptune raise the wind, To wave the azure main, Our paper, pen and ink, and we, Roll up and down our ships at sea.
With a fa, la, &c.
"Should foggy Opdam chance to throw Our sad and dismal story, The Dutch would scorn so weak a foe, And quit their fort at Goree; For what resistance can they find From men who"ve left their hearts behind?
With a fa, la, &c.
"In justice you cannot refuse To think of our distress, When we for hope of honour lose Our certain happiness; All those designs are but to prove Ourselves more worthy of your love.
With a fa, la, &c.
"And now we"ve told you all our loves, And likewise all our fears, In hopes this declaration moves, Some pity from your tears; Let"s hear of no inconstancy, We have too much of that at sea.
With a fa la la la la."
We can easily understand how the above lines were suggested, for in those times the same officers served both in army and navy, and many of the young sparks taken from the gaieties of London had not yet acquired their sea legs. Wycherley is said to have been present at some of the engagements with the Dutch.
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Of course this will scarcely apply in those cases in which, by abstraction, we overlook the creative action of the mind, and regard its humorous productions as ludicrous. Nor does it hold good where from long exercise of ingenuity a habit has been formed and amusing fancies spring up, as it were naturally, and so involuntarily that, for the moment, we see them only as ludicrous. This view changes almost instantaneously, and beneath it we often find the best humour. It may be said that such cases should be placed entirely under the head of humour, but can we maintain that a man is unaware when he is humorous? The most telling effects are produced by the ludicrous, and where the creative action of the mind is scarcely discernible. Efforts to be humorous are seldom crowned with success; we require something that appears to be real or original, either as a close rendering of actual occurrences, or a spontaneous efflorescence of genius. Among the latter cla.s.s we may reckon some of our most exquisite and permanent sayings.
[2] A story is told of a Mr. Crispe, a merchant of London, who although deaf, when Sir Alexander Cary made a speech before his execution, followed the motion of his lips so as to be able to relate it to his friends.
[3] Mrs. Barbauld had such a perpetual smile that one of her friends said it made her jaws ache to look at her.
[4] St. Paul, who was brought up at the feet of Gamaliel, gives a different account in Rom. iv. 19. See also Heb. xi. 11.
[5] Soame Jenyns strangely imagined that a portion of the happiness of Seraphim and of just men made perfect would be derived from an exquisite perception of the ludicrous; while Addison mentions that a learned monk laid it down as a doctrine that laughter was the effect of original sin, and that Adam could not laugh before the fall. Some of the early Christians felt so strongly the incompatibility of strong human emotions with the divine nature that they expunged the words "Jesus wept."
[6] Perhaps Solomon was amused by them, for in the catalogue of the valuable things brought in his ships are apes and peac.o.c.ks.
[7] I cannot see in Homer any of that philosophic satire on the condition of mortals, which some have found in those pa.s.sages where men are represented as being deceived and tricked by the G.o.ds. Anything so deep would be beyond humour. He very probably conceived that the G.o.ds, whom he represented as similar to men, were sometimes not above playing severe practical jokes on them. The so-called irony of Sophocles in like manner, is too philosophical and bitter for humour.
[8] Tom Brown, the humorist, says, Lycambes complimented the Iambics of Archilochus with the most convincing proof of their wit and goodness.
[9] Archilochus could not have been called a satirist in the correct sense of the word. His observations were mostly personal or philosophical. He had evidently considerable power in ill.u.s.trating the moral by the physical world, and one of his sayings "Speak not evil of the dead," has become proverbial.
[10] Irony had previously been used in Asia. The only specimens of humour in the Old Testament are of this character, as in Job, "No doubt but ye are the people, and wisdom shall die with you;" where Elijah says to the prophets of Baal, "Cry aloud, for he is a G.o.d," and the children call after Elisha, "Go up, thou bald-head."
[11] Magnes and others of the day used similar t.i.tles. We read that there were once three Homeric hymns extant, named "The Monkeys," "The seven-times-shorn Goat," and "The Song on the Thrushes."
[12] After disposing of his daughters for a bunch of garlic and a little salt, he exclaims, "Oh, Mercury, G.o.d of Traffic, grant that I may sell my wife as profitably, and my mother too!"
[13] So the pun may be represented.
[14] Certainly not before 460 B.C.
[15] Compare our "Billingsgate."
[16] We sometimes speak of a seedy coat.
[17] The answers to the above riddles are, thistledown, sleep, night and day, shade.
[18] "Gugga" seems to have corresponded with our "n.i.g.g.e.r."
[19] About three and nine pence.
[20] Roman mirrors made of silver.
[21] _Scurra_ originally meant a neighbour, then a gossip, then a pleasant fellow, and finally a jocose, and in those rude times a scurrilous man.
[22] There is a story of Caligula having had an actor burnt alive for making an offensive pun in an Atellane play. Sometimes nicknames were thus made. Placidus was Acidus, Labienus, Rabienus; Claudius Tiberius Nero was Caldius Biberius Mero.
[23] I have been obliged to omit some of the pungent indelicacy of the original. The Pope was the sacrificing priest.
[24] We meet with such words as _verrucosus_, _sanna_, a grimace, and _stloppus_, the sound made by striking the inflated cheeks.
[25] "A satirist is always to be suspected, who to make vice odious dwells upon all its acts and minutest circ.u.mstances with a sort of relish and retrospective fondness."--_Lamb._
[26] Palindromes, such as "Tibi subito motibus ibit." We have some in English, as where our forefather addresses his wife "Madam, I"m Adam."
[27] Pyrogenes has a double meaning, "born of corn," and "born of fire,"
alluding to Bacchus" mother having been burnt. Bromos is a kind of cereal, Bromion a name for Bacchus.
[28] A man of Capreae, having caught an unusually large barbel, presented it to Tiberius, who was so enraged at his being able to find him in his retreat, that he ordered his face to be scrubbed with the fish.
[29] Some of the pagans put off Christian baptism till the last moment under this idea.