Abraham Lincoln watched in fascinated wonder as U.S. troops marched into Salt Lake City from the north. The soldiers, some mounted, others afoot, tipped their hats and grinned widely at the flag-waving crowds who cheered their arrival. Down State Street they came, under the Eagle Gate at the corner of State and Temple. The wooden eagle, its wingspan more than twice as broad as a man was tall, perched on a beehive supported by curved iron supports mounted on pale stone posts. Though the Latter-Day Saints had erected it, and though the beehive was their symbol, its fierce beak and talons now seemed to symbolize the power of the United States.
Leaning over toward Gabe Hamilton, who was cheering as loudly as anybody else, Lincoln asked, "In all these people on the street, do you see a single, solitary Mormon?"
"Not a one," Hamilton answered at once. "Not many Gentiles who"re missing, though, I"ll tell you that."
Surveying the soldiers in their natty blue jackets, the metal-work of their rifles bright and shiny, the sun glaring off the steel barrels of the field guns that rolled along after a troop of cavalry, Lincoln was moved to quote Byron: "The a.s.syrian came down like a wolf on the fold, And his cohorts were gleaming in purple and gold; And the sheen of their spears was like stars on the sea, When the blue wave rolls nightly on deep Galilee."
Gabe Hamilton clapped his hands together. "That"s first-rate stuff. And remember how it ends?
"And the might of the Gentile, unsmote by the sword, Hath melted like snow in the glance of the Lord!
I think that"s how it goes. I know d.a.m.n well that"s how the Mormons hope it goes."
"True enough," Lincoln said. "I am of the opinion that they are doomed to disappointment in those hopes, however. President Blaine, whatever else may be said of him, is not a man to take half measures, as we have seen in his recent conduct of foreign affairs. Having decided not to suffer the semisecession of Utah, he will aim to make certain such a mischance cannot occur again."
A tall, handsome man with a fine gray beard came riding down the street on a gray gelding that was a splendid piece of horseflesh. The fellow"s coat was endowed with a superabundance of bra.s.s b.u.t.tons; as he got closer, Lincoln saw that each of his shoulder straps bore a single silver star.
Though they had not set eyes on each other for almost twenty years, Lincoln and Brigadier General John Pope recognized each other at about the same time. Pope broke out of the parade and rode over toward Lincoln, the horse"s hooves kicking up dust at every step. "I heard you were in Salt Lake City, sir," the general said, nodding. "Are you well?"
"Very well, thank you," Lincoln replied. "I am glad to see the power of the United States return to Utah. It has been sorely missed."
"Glad to see it even under my command, eh?" Pope might not have seen Lincoln since the War of Secession, but his glare made it plain he had forgotten nothing in all that time.
"Yes, very glad," Lincoln said simply.
"You shipped me away from the real war," Pope said. "You sent me off to fight redskins and gave my men back to the Young Napoleon, that lazy, pompous fraud-and look how much better than I he did with them." No, Pope hadn"t forgotten a thing. His sarcasm was meant to wound, and it did. "But my duty is to serve my country in whatever place I am given, Mr. Lincoln, and I have done that duty. And so now I find myself able to liberate you along with the rest of this rebellious Territory. Strange how things come full circle, is it not?"
"General, you made errors during the War of Secession. I likewise made errors, and those far worse than yours, else the war should have been won," Lincoln said. "If you believe a day has pa.s.sed from that time to this when those errors were not uppermost in my mind, I must tell you, sir, that you are mistaken."
Pope grunted. The soft answer, giving him nothing against which to strike, seemed to discomfit him. "Well," he said at last, roughly, "I aim to make no mistakes here. I intend putting the fear of G.o.d-the proper Christian G.o.d, mind you, the G.o.d of wrath and vengeance-in these Mormons. They shall obey me or suffer the consequences. No-they shall obey me and and suffer the consequences." He gave a stiff nod, then kicked his horse up into a canter so he could resume his place in the military procession. suffer the consequences." He gave a stiff nod, then kicked his horse up into a canter so he could resume his place in the military procession.
"Well!" Juliette Hamilton said, in a tone altogether different from General Pope"s. "Did I hear that man call General McClellan pompous? Has he looked in a mirror any time lately?"
Lincoln smiled at that. He thought she spoke to vent her own feelings, not to make him feel better. Paradoxically, that did make him feel better. His relief, however, was short-lived. A cavalry colonel with long golden locks and a fierce mustache gave him a look that made Pope"s seem mild and benevolent. The horseman kept scowling back over his shoulder at Lincoln till he was out of sight.
"Fellow doesn"t seem fond of you," Gabe Hamilton remarked.
"No," Lincoln said. Resignedly, he went on, "Not many who served during the War of Secession are, for which who can blame them? I can"t remember that man"s name, but he was one of McClellan"s staff officers. I wonder how he likes serving under McClellan"s rival now."
"What are his choices? He can like it or lump it." Hamilton leaned forward like a hunting dog going on point. "What the devil are those funny-looking things on the gun carriages? Haven"t seen anything like them before."
"Neither have I. They don"t look like cannon, do they?" Lincoln"s curiosity was piqued. During the War of Secession, he"d taken a keen interest in military inventions of all sort. He was something of an inventor himself, and held a riverboat patent, though nothing had ever come of it. "Rifle barrels sticking out of a bra.s.s case ..." He shrugged. "My chief hope is that we need not see what destruction they can reap."
A last company of infantry marched past. Following them came a mounted sergeant who called out in a great voice: "Brigadier General Pope, the military governor of Utah Territory, will speak in Temple Square at three this afternoon. Everyone should hear him, Mormons and Gentiles alike." He rode on a few yards, then repeated the announcement.
"Military governor, is it?" Lincoln thoughtfully clicked his tongue between his teeth. "No, President Blaine isn"t doing things by half. With that t.i.tle, General Pope will have the power to bind and to loose, sure enough." Pope was not the first man to whom he would have entrusted such power, but President Blaine could not have asked his opinion, and would not have if he could.
Juliette Hamilton said, "Someone needs to bring the Mormons into line." Since that was also true, Lincoln held his peace.
He would have gone to Temple Square alone, but Gabe Hamilton also wanted to hear what Pope had to say. Lincoln hadn"t thought the square could be any more crowded than it had been on the Sunday when he"d gone to the Tabernacle, but discovered he was wrong. Both Mormons and Gentiles were thronging to it to hear John Pope lay down the law.
Pope was ready for any trouble the Mormons might cause, which was likely the best way to keep them from causing trouble. He himself stood on one of the granite blocks that would eventually be raised to the Mormon Temple. The men on the Temple now were not Mormon masons, however; they were bluecoats with Springfields. More riflemen were atop the Tabernacle. Behind Pope, a couple of field guns, probably loaded with case shot, bore on the crowd. In front of him stood one of the unfamiliar bra.s.s-cased contraptions.
Hamilton took his watch out of his vest pocket and looked at it. Either it was a little slow or the one Pope was using ran fast, for it showed a couple of minutes before the hour when the military governor of Utah Territory held up his hands for silence. He got it, faster and more completely than he would have anywhere else in the USA: except in matters bearing on their faith (a large exception (a large exception, Lincoln thought), the Mormons obeyed authority.
"Fellow citizens," Pope boomed, the dusty breeze carrying his words out across Temple Square, "with my arrival here, the government of the United States resumes control over this Territory after the illegal and outrageous attempt on the part of the authorities of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints to extort acquiescence to its immoral creed by impeding the flow of men and goods and messages across the continent. No government sensitive to its right could possibly yield in the face of the threats and intimidation proffered by these so-called authorities."
Telling Mormons and Gentiles apart by looks or dress was usually impossible. Lincoln had no trouble seeing who was who now. Gentiles cheered and waved their hats. Some of them waved the flags with which they"d greeted the soldiers, too. Mormons stood silent, listening, hardly moving, almost as if they"d been turned to stone.
Pope went on, "Fellow citizens, we are at war: against the Confederate States, against England and lickspittle Canada, against France. In time of war, the leaders of the Mormon Church, through their deliberate actions, offered aid and comfort to the enemies of the United States by blocking the rail lines and by cutting the telegraph wires. Offering aid and comfort to the enemy in time of war is treason, nothing less."
"Oh, my," Gabe Hamilton whispered. "He"s going to hit them hard."
"He surely is," Lincoln whispered back.
"By order of President Blaine," Pope continued, "the former civilian government of Utah Territory is dissolved, it having proved unable to maintain the authority of the U.S. Const.i.tution in this area. Utah being a territory in rebellion against the United States and now returned to the authority thereof by military might"-he gestured up at the riflemen and back toward the cannon-"it is considered to be under military occupation. As military governor, I-"
"Am the new dictator," Hamilton murmured. Lincoln nodded.
Pope proceeded to prove them both right: "-hereby declare the suspension of the right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus habeas corpus. I declare the suspension of the right to trial by jury, Mormons having corrupted the process by repeated false and outrageous verdicts. Justice henceforward shall be by military tribunal."
"Can he do that?" Hamilton asked.
"Legally, do you mean? Maybe the Supreme Court will say he can"t-years from now," Lincoln answered. "If this Territory is defined as hostile soil under occupation, though, he may well be able to do as he pleases."
"Every male citizen of Utah Territory shall be required within the next sixty days to take an oath of loyalty to the government of the United States," Pope declared. "The oath shall also include a denial that the said male citizen is or shall henceforth be wed to more than one woman at any one time. Perjury pertaining to this section shall be punished with the utmost severity by the aforesaid military tribunals. Polygamy within the boundaries of Utah Territory is from this time forward abolished and prohibited."
Again, the Gentiles applauded. Again, the Mormons revealed themselves by stonelike silence. Being taller than almost everyone around him, Lincoln could see a considerable part of the crowd. Here and there, two or three or four women, sometimes with children in their arms, stood grouped around one man. What was going through their minds?
Pope said, "Because of its role in instigating and carrying out the rebellion of Utah Territory against the United States, the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints is declared not to be a religion liable to protection under the First Amendment, but a political organization subject to sanctions for its acts. Until further notice, construction of the so-called Mormon Temple is suspended. Public worship at the Mormon Tabernacle and other so-called Mormon churches is also suspended, as are all other public meetings of more than ten persons.
"One last point: any resistance to military authority will be crushed without mercy. Shooting at soldiers and destroying trains, tracks, telegraph lines, or other public necessities of any sort will result in hostages" being taken. If the guilty parties be not promptly surrendered, the hostages shall be hanged by the neck until dead. Anyone doubting my ability or will to fulfill that promise mistakes me." General Pope looked out over Temple Square. "Return peaceably to your homes, people of Utah. Obey the legally const.i.tuted authority of the military government and all will be well. Disobey only at your peril."
As Lincoln and Hamilton walked back to the carriage in which they"d come to Temple Square, the Salt Lake City man asked, "Does he mean what he says?"
"I should not care to try to find out the contrary by experiment," Lincoln answered. "John Pope had a name as a hard man during the War of Secession, and I"ve heard nothing of how he has conducted himself here in the West in the years since to make me believe he"s changed."
That evening, Lincoln was about to sit down to supper at the Hamilton"s table when someone knocked on the door. Gabe Hamilton went to open it. He called, "An officer to see you, Mr. Lincoln."
"I"m coming." Lincoln walked to the door, to find himself facing the short, energetic blond cavalry officer he"d noted in the parade. "What can I do for you, Colonel?"
"George Custer, Fifth Cavalry," the man said briskly. "I am told, Mr. Lincoln, that you had conversations with Mr. John Taylor, the Mormons" president." When Lincoln didn"t deny it, Custer went on, "Do you know his present whereabouts?"
"No," Lincoln said. "If he"s not at home, or perhaps at the Tabernacle, I have no idea where he might be. Why, if you don"t mind my asking?"
"He is to be arrested for treason, along with the rest of the Mormon leaders," Custer answered. "We can"t lay hands on him, though. He"s run off, G.o.d knows where-I was hoping you might, too. When we catch him, General Pope aims to hang him higher than Haman."
.VIII.
General Thomas Jackson peered north across the the Ohio River through a telescope. "The onslaught cannot now be long delayed," he said to Brigadier General Peter Turney, who stood by his side. "I thank our heavenly Father for having given us this much time in which to ready Louisville for the storm." Ohio River through a telescope. "The onslaught cannot now be long delayed," he said to Brigadier General Peter Turney, who stood by his side. "I thank our heavenly Father for having given us this much time in which to ready Louisville for the storm."
"The Yankees were slowcoaches in the last war," Turney answered, his Tennessee tw.a.n.g contrasting with Jackson"s softer Virginia accent. "Doesn"t look like they"ve learned a whole h.e.l.l of a lot since."
"For which we should also give thanks to G.o.d," Jackson said, and Turney nodded.
Negro labor gangs in tunics and trousers of coa.r.s.e, undyed cotton-almost the same color as old-style Confederate uniforms-were still busily digging firing pits and building earthworks and abatis throughout Louisville, but especially down by the waterfront. Without the slaves, the defenses of the city would have been far weaker than they were.
Brigadier General Turney asked, "Sir, is it true what I hear, that President Longstreet"s going to try and manumit the n.i.g.g.e.rs after the war?" Under bushy gray eyebrows, his broad, earnest face was worried.
"It is true, General," Jackson said, and Turney grimaced. "He feels the effort to be necessary for reasons of state."
"Reasons of state be d.a.m.ned." Turney pointed toward a gang marching along with picks and shovels shouldered like rifles. "Without slaves like that bunch there, what in blazes are we supposed to do the next time the Yankees pick a fight with us?"
"I can hope that, even if free, the Negro shall not be equal to the white man, and shall be subject to some form of conscription in time of need."
"Turn "em loose and they"ll get uppity-you mark my words," Turney said. Then (rather to Jackson"s relief, for he agreed with the views the Tennessean expressed) he changed the subject: "Do you think we knocked out enough of their invasion boats to have held them up?"
"I wish I did, but I very much doubt it," Jackson answered. "Artillery is ideally suited for breaking up an attack once launched, but I fear the science has not advanced to the point where it can preempt one. That day may be coming, but has not yet arrived."
"We"ll hurt "em when they do come-whenever that is," Brigadier General Turney said.
"We shall do more than hurt them, General," Jackson said. "We shall smash them and wreck any further hopes for the invasion of our country they may have-we shall do that, or I will know the reason why and the men responsible."
He did not raise his voice or make any histrionic gesture. Nevertheless, before Turney quite realized what he was doing, he gave back a pace from Jackson. The brigadier general laughed nervously. "The men won"t dare lose," he said. "They"re more afraid of what you"d do to "em than they are of the d.a.m.nyankees."
Jackson considered. "That is as it should be," he said at last, and swung up onto his horse. Leaving Turney to stare after him, he rode back through Louisville to the headquarters he"d established south of the city, beyond U.S. artillery range.
Even in its present state, with most of the civilian population fled, Louisville struck him as the least distinctively Southern city in the Confederate States. That didn"t spring only from its having been the last town to fall into Confederate hands. Many of the people hereabouts were Yankees by origin or descent, from New York and New England.
And Louisville, like Covington farther east, still looked across the border to the United States, in the same way that Cincinnati, on the other side of the Ohio, looked south to the Confederacy. All three were towns that had grown up trading what the North made for that the South did. That North and South were now two different countries made trade more complicated, but had neither stopped it nor even slowed it much.
Coins jingled in Jackson"s pocket. Some had been minted in the USA, some in the CSA. Both nations coined to the same standard; along the border, that was all that mattered. Yankee greenbacks circulated as readily as the brown banknotes issued in the Confederate States. A lot of people hereabouts not only didn"t much care whether the Stars and Bars or the Stars and Stripes flew over them, they hardly noticed which flag did fly.
"They will, I expect, learn the difference in short order," Jackson said to himself.
A company of infantry, the soldiers in gray, the officers in the new b.u.t.ternut uniforms, was marching north as he rode south past them. The men grinned and whooped and tossed their hats. "Stonewall!" they shouted. Abstracted, Jackson was by them before he raised his own hat to acknowledge the cheers.
He rode past the University of Louisville, past the downs where, locals told him, people were talking about building a racetrack, and into a grove of oaks where he"d pitched his tent so he could rest under the shade of the trees. After giving his horse to an orderly, he hunted up his own chief artillerist, Major General E. Porter Alexander. "It won"t be long," he said bluntly.
"Good," Alexander answered. "High time." He was more than ten years younger than Jackson, with a perpetually amused look on his long, handsome face and a pointed brown beard flecked with gray.
"Much will depend on your guns, General," Jackson said. "I shall want as much damage as possible done to the Yankees" boats while they are in the water, and to their installations on the northern bank of the river."
"I understand, sir," Alexander said. "We"ve been trying to hurt them before they launch, but we unmask ourselves when we bombard them, and they have a lot of guns over there trying to knock us out. Say what you will about the rest of the U.S. Army, their artillery has always been good."
He and Jackson smiled at each other. Jackson had begun his military service in the U.S. Artillery. Alexander himself had started out as an engineer, switching to big guns not long after choosing the Confederate side in the War of Secession.
"It is of the most crucial importance that they not gain such a lodgment on the southern sh.o.r.e of the Ohio that they drive us beyond rifle range of the river," Jackson said. "That would enable them more easily to erect bridges to facilitate the flow of men and equipage into our country, and their engineers are not to be despised, either." He didn"t often think to return compliments, and was always pleased with himself when he did remember such niceties.
"As long as they don"t drive us out of cannon range, we can still give them a rough time," Alexander said. "And our guns range a deal farther than they did in the last war."
Jackson noted the artillerist did not promise he could put the bridges out of action with his guns. One reason he appreciated Alexander was that the younger officer never made promises impossible to keep.
"I shall rely on your men quite as much as on the infantry," Jackson said.
"Coming from you, sir, I"ll take that," Alexander replied. "In fact, I"ll let the men know you said it. If anything will make them fight harder, that"ll do it."
They conferred a while longer. Jackson went back to his own tent, where he spent an hour in prayer. He had heard that General Willc.o.x, the U.S. commander, was also a man of thoroughgoing piety. That worried him not in the least. "Lord, Thou shalt surely judge the right," he said.
After a frugal supper of stale bread and roasted beef with salt but no other seasoning, a regimen he had followed for many years, he checked with the telegraphers to see if President Longstreet had sent him any further instructions. Longstreet hadn"t. Having ordered him to make a defensive fight, Longstreet seemed content to let his general-in-chief handle the details. Robert E. Lee, G.o.d rest his soul, had known how to write a discretionary order. Seeing that Longstreet had learned something from the man who had commanded them both was good.
On returning to his tent, Jackson reviewed his dispositions. He was, he decided, as ready as he could be. He doubted the same held true on the other side of the river. Taking that as a sign G.o.d favored the Confederate cause, he pulled off his boots, knelt beside his iron-framed cot for the day"s last pet.i.tion to the Lord, then lay down and fell asleep almost at once.
Whenever he was in the field, he had himself roused with the first twilight at latest. He"d just sat up in bed after the orderly woke him when a great thundering rose from the north. None of the artillery duels his forces and General Willc.o.x"s had fought were anything close to this. "It begins!" he exclaimed. As usual, all he needed to put on were his boots and his hat. That done, he rushed out of the tent.
He almost collided with E. Porter Alexander, who emerged from under canvas as fast as he did. Alexander had shed his tunic for the night and was wearing only shirt and trousers, which made him look more like a Yankee laborer on a hot afternoon than a Confederate general before sunup.
"Now we shall see what we shall see," Alexander said, for all the world like a chemistry professor about to drop a bit of sodium into water for the sake of the flame and smoke. "Artillery can do so much more than it could during the last war, but we knew much more about sheltering from it, too."
"A lesson learned from painful experience," Jackson said. Now, all at once, he wished he"d encamped in the open. The leafy canopy overhead kept him from having any better notion of what was going on than his ears could bring him, and all he could learn from them was that both U.S. and Confederate guns were in action, every one of them sounding as if it was pounding away as hard as it could.
An orderly led up Jackson"s horse. At the same time, another man dashed up to the general-in-chief with a telegram clutched in his fist. "This just in from General Turney, sir," he said. "It cuts off halfway-don"t know if a sh.e.l.l broke the wire or his operator got hit."
"Give it to me." Jackson put on his gla.s.ses, then took the wire. It was hard to read in the still-dim light. A soldier brought over a candle. By the flickering light, Jackson read, U.S. FORCES ON THE RIVER IN LARGE NUMBERS. RESISTING WITH ARTILLERY AND RIFLE FIRE, NEED U.S. FORCES ON THE RIVER IN LARGE NUMBERS. RESISTING WITH ARTILLERY AND RIFLE FIRE, NEED... As the private from the signals office had said, it ended there.
Deducing what General Turney required, though, required no great generalship: a schoolchild could have done it. Jackson shouted for a messenger. When one appeared, he said, "The two brigades quartered near the Galt House are ordered to the waterfront to resist the invaders if their commanders have not sent them forward on their own initiative." The messenger saluted and dashed off, shouting for a horse. Jackson gave the identical order to the soldier who"d pa.s.sed him the telegram. "With the U.S. bombardment, I do not know if a wire can get through, but make the effort."
Not far away, E. Porter Alexander was also giving orders, in a calm, unhurried voice: "Until we know different, we"ll go on the notion that the Yankees are doing what we expect. That means Fire Plan One, with guns ranged in on the river and on the Indiana docks to stick to their a.s.signed targets. Any changes from the plan are to be reported to me at once."
When he was done, he turned to Jackson with a smile on his face. "A pity, isn"t it, General, that battles have grown too large to be commanded from the front? If messengers and telegrams don"t constantly tell us what"s happening across the field, how can we direct the fighting?"
"In a fight this size, we can"t, and I hate that," Jackson said. "Leading a brigade against Winchester made me feel a young man again. I tell you this, though, General: I am going to see the fighting for myself, even if only from a distance." He mounted the horse the orderly had brought, and rode out from under the spreading branches of the oaks toward a nearby hilltop.
Sunrise was near. The eastern horizon glowed with pink and gold light, the spark that was Venus gleaming through it. Only the brightest stars still shone in the darker sky farther west. But the northern quadrant was ablaze with bursting sh.e.l.ls; Jackson might have been watching a Fourth of July fireworks display from some distant house.
By where the smoke was thickest, he could tell that the U.S. gunners were giving the wharves of the waterfront a fearful pounding. Had he led the Yankees, he would have ordered the same, to make the Confederate infantrymen keep their heads down and prevent them from bringing too heavy a fire to bear against the invasion boats. The smoke kept him from discerning much more than that. And, with every pa.s.sing minute, though the light got stronger, the smoke got worse: smoke from the Yankees" guns on the other side of the Ohio, smoke from bursting sh.e.l.ls, and smoke from the C.S. cannon responding to the enemy"s fire.
Jackson"s frown was venomous. He wanted nothing so much as to grab a Tredegar and go where the fighting was hottest. But Major General Alexander had the right of it: if he did that, he could not at the same time command. More men were capable of fighting the d.a.m.nyankees than of leading the entire army against them. And, had he s.n.a.t.c.hed up a rifle and run off to pretend he was a private soldier, he would have been able to see even less of the battlefield than he could from his present vantage point.
He"d already been too long away from his electric eyes and ears. And messengers would be getting back to headquarters from the fighting by now, too. Regretfully, he used feet and reins to start his horse back toward the tent among the trees.
No sooner had he dismounted than the first messenger arrived, dirty-faced, with a torn and filthy uniform, eyes wide and staring from what was surely his first taste of combat. He stared at Jackson, too. Was that because he was meeting a man legendary in the CSA or simply because he was too battered to recall the message he was supposed to deliver?
Then, very visibly, his wits began to turn, as if they were a steamboat"s paddlewheel. "General Jackson, sir!" he exclaimed. "The d.a.m.nyankees have men ash.o.r.e on our side of the river." He gulped. "Lots of "em, sir."
Even in the predawn stillness, southern Indiana remained sultry, sticky. Frederick Dougla.s.s stood in a field just outside the city limits of New Albany. Every couple of minutes, he would slap at himself as a mosquito bit him. "I"m an old man," he said sadly. "I remember being able to hear the mosquitoes buzzing around, so that sometimes I could get them before they got me. No more, not for years. Now they take me by surprise."