_La Fontaine._ We usually like those roads which show us the fronts of our friends" houses and the pleasure-grounds about them, and the smooth garden-walks, and the trim espaliers, and look at them with more satisfaction than at the docks and nettles that are thrown in heaps behind. The _Offices_ of Cicero are imperfect; yet who would not rather guide his children by them than by the line and compa.s.s of harder-handed guides; such as Hobbes for instance?
_Rochefoucault._ Imperfect as some gentlemen in hoods may call the _Offices_, no founder of a philosophical or of a religious sect has been able to add to them anything important.
_La Fontaine._ Pity! that Cicero carried with him no better authorities than reason and humanity. He neither could work miracles, nor d.a.m.n you for disbelieving them. Had he lived fourscore years later, who knows but he might have been another Simon Peter, and have talked Hebrew as fluently as Latin, all at once! Who knows but we might have heard of his patrimony! who knows but our venerable popes might have claimed dominion from him, as descendant from the kings of Rome!
_Rochefoucault._ The hint, some centuries ago, would have made your fortune, and that saintly cat there would have kittened in a mitre.
_La Fontaine._ Alas! the hint could have done nothing: Cicero could not have lived later.
_Rochefoucault._ I warrant him. Nothing is easier to correct than chronology. There is not a lady in Paris, nor a jockey in Normandy, that is not eligible to a professor"s chair in it. I have seen a man"s ancestor, whom n.o.body ever saw before, spring back over twenty generations. Our Vatican Jupiters have as little respect for old Chronos as the Cretan had: they mutilate him when and where they think necessary, limp as he may by the operation.
_La Fontaine._ When I think, as you make me do, how ambitious men are, even those whose teeth are too loose (one would fancy) for a bite at so hard an apple as the devil of ambition offers them, I am inclined to believe that we are actuated not so much by selfishness as you represent it, but under another form, the love of power. Not to speak of territorial dominion or political office, and such other things as we usually cla.s.s under its appurtenances, do we not desire an exclusive control over what is beautiful and lovely? the possession of pleasant fields, of well-situated houses, of cabinets, of images, of pictures, and indeed of many things pleasant to see but useless to possess; even of rocks, of streams, and of fountains? These things, you will tell me, have their utility. True, but not to the wisher, nor does the idea of it enter his mind. Do not we wish that the object of our love should be devoted to us only; and that our children should love us better than their brothers and sisters, or even than the mother who bore them? Love would be arrayed in the purple robe of sovereignty, mildly as he may resolve to exercise his power.
_Rochefoucault._ Many things which appear to be incontrovertible are such for their age only, and must yield to others which, in their age, are equally so. There are only a few points that are always above the waves. Plain truths, like plain dishes, are commended by everybody, and everybody leaves them whole. If it were not even more impertinent and presumptuous to praise a great writer in his presence than to censure him in his absence, I would venture to say that your prose, from the few specimens you have given of it, is equal to your verse.
Yet, even were I the possessor of such a style as yours, I would never employ it to support my _Maxims_. You would think a writer very impudent and self-sufficient who should quote his own works: to defend them is doing more. We are the worst auxiliaries in the world to the opinions we have brought into the field. Our business is, to measure the ground, and to calculate the forces; then let them try their strength. If the weak a.s.sails me, he thinks me weak; if the strong, he thinks me strong. He is more likely to compute ill his own vigour than mine. At all events, I love inquiry, even when I myself sit down. And I am not offended in my walks if my visitor asks me whither does that alley lead. It proves that he is ready to go on with me; that he sees some s.p.a.ce before him; and that he believes there may be something worth looking after.
_La Fontaine._ You have been standing a long time, my lord duke: I must entreat you to be seated.
_Rochefoucault._ Excuse me, my dear M. la Fontaine; I would much rather stand.
_La Fontaine._ Mercy on us! have you been upon your legs ever since you rose to leave me?
_Rochefoucault._ A change of position is agreeable: a friend always permits it.
_La Fontaine._ Sad doings! sad oversight! The other two chairs were sent yesterday evening to be scoured and mended. But that dog is the best tempered dog! an angel of a dog, I do a.s.sure you; he would have gone down in a moment, at a word. I am quite ashamed of myself for such inattention. With your sentiments of friendship for me, why could you not have taken the liberty to shove him gently off, rather than give me this uneasiness?
_Rochefoucault._ My true and kind friend! we authors are too sedentary; we are heartily glad of standing to converse, whenever we can do it without any restraint on our acquaintance.
_La Fontaine._ I must reprove that animal when he uncurls his body. He seems to be dreaming of Paradise and houris. Ay, twitch thy ear, my child! I wish at my heart there were as troublesome a fly about the other: G.o.d forgive me! The rogue covers all my clean linen! shirt and cravat! what cares he!
_Rochefoucault._ Dogs are not very modest.
_La Fontaine._ Never say that, M. de la Rochefoucault! The most modest people upon earth! Look at a dog"s eyes, and he half closes them, or gently turns them away, with a motion of the lips, which he licks languidly, and of the tail, which he stirs tremulously, begging your forbearance. I am neither blind nor indifferent to the defects of these good and generous creatures. They are subject to many such as men are subject to: among the rest, they disturb the neighbourhood in the discussion of their private causes; they quarrel and fight on small motives, such as a little bad food, or a little vainglory, or the s.e.x. But it must be something present or near that excites them; and they calculate not the extent of evil they may do or suffer.
_Rochefoucault._ Certainly not: how should dogs calculate?
_La Fontaine._ I know nothing of the process. I am unable to inform you how they leap over hedges and brooks, with exertion just sufficient, and no more. In regard to honour and a sense of dignity, let me tell you, a dog accepts the subsidies of his friends, but never claims them: a dog would not take the field to obtain power for a son, but would leave the son to obtain it by his own activity and prowess.
He conducts his visitor or inmate out a-hunting, and makes a present of the game to him as freely as an emperor to an elector. Fond as he is of slumber, which is indeed one of the pleasantest and best things in the universe, particularly after dinner, he shakes it off as willingly as he would a gadfly, in order to defend his master from theft or violence. Let the robber or a.s.sailant speak as courteously as he may, he waives your diplomatical terms, gives his reasons in plain language, and makes war. I could say many other things to his advantage; but I never was malicious, and would rather let both parties plead for themselves; give me the dog, however.
_Rochefoucault._ Faith! I will give you both, and never boast of my largess in so doing.
_La Fontaine._ I trust I have removed from you the suspicion of selfishness in my client, and I feel it quite as easy to make a properer disposal of another ill attribute, namely cruelty, which we vainly try to shuffle off our own shoulders upon others, by employing the offensive and most unjust term, brutality. But to convince you of my impartiality, now I have defended the dog from the first obloquy, I will defend the man from the last, hoping to make you think better of each. What you attribute to cruelty, both while we are children and afterward, may be a.s.signed, for the greater part, to curiosity.
Cruelty tends to the extinction of life, the dissolution of matter, the imprisonment and sepulture of truth; and if it were our ruling and chief propensity, the human race would have been extinguished in a few centuries after its appearance. Curiosity, in its primary sense, implies care and consideration.
_Rochefoucault._ Words often deflect from their primary sense. We find the most curious men the most idle and silly, the least observant and conservative.
_La Fontaine._ So we think; because we see every hour the idly curious, and not the strenuously; we see only the persons of the one set, and only the works of the other.
More is heard of cruelty than of curiosity, because while curiosity is silent both in itself and about its object, cruelty on most occasions is like the wind, boisterous in itself, and exciting a murmur and bustle in all the things it moves among. Added to which, many of the higher topics whereto our curiosity would turn, are intercepted from it by the policy of our guides and rulers; while the princ.i.p.al ones on which cruelty is most active, are pointed to by the sceptre and the truncheon, and wealth and dignity are the rewards of their attainment.
What perversion! He who brings a bullock into a city for its sustenance is called a butcher, and n.o.body has the civility to take off the hat to him, although knowing him as perfectly as I know Matthieu le Mince, who served me with those fine kidneys you must have remarked in pa.s.sing through the kitchen: on the contrary, he who reduces the same city to famine is styled M. le General or M. le Marechal, and gentlemen like you, unprejudiced (as one would think) and upright, make room for him in the antechamber.
_Rochefoucault._ He obeys orders without the degrading influence of any pa.s.sion.
_La Fontaine._ Then he commits a baseness the more, a cruelty the greater. He goes off at another man"s setting, as ingloriously as a rat-trap: he produces the worst effects of fury, and feels none: a Cain unirritated by a brother"s incense.
_Rochefoucault._ I would hide from you this little rapier, which, like the barber"s pole, I have often thought too obtrusive in the streets.
_La Fontaine._ Never shall I think my countrymen half civilized while on the dress of a courtier is hung the instrument of a cut-throat. How deplorably feeble must be that honour which requires defending at every hour of the day!
_Rochefoucault._ Ingenious as you are, M. La Fontaine, I do not believe that, on this subject, you could add anything to what you have spoken already; but really, I do think one of the most instructive things in the world would be a dissertation on dress by you.
_La Fontaine._ Nothing can be devised more commodious than the dress in fashion. Perukes have fallen among us by the peculiar dispensation of Providence. As in all the regions of the globe the indigenous have given way to stronger creatures, so have they (partly at least) on the human head. At present the wren and the squirrel are dominant there.
Whenever I have a mind for a filbert, I have only to shake my foretop.
Improvement does not end in that quarter. I might forget to take my pinch of snuff when it would do me good, unless I saw a store of it on another"s cravat. Furthermore, the slit in the coat behind tells in a moment what it was made for: a thing of which, in regard to ourselves, the best preachers have to remind us all our lives: then the central part of our habiliment has either its loop-hole or its portcullis in the opposite direction, still more demonstrative. All these are for very mundane purposes: but Religion and Humanity have whispered some later utilities. We pray the more commodiously, and of course the more frequently, for rolling up a royal ell of stocking round about our knees: and our high-heeled shoes must surely have been worn by some angel, to save those insects which the flat-footed would have crushed to death.
_Rochefoucault._ Ah! the good dog has awakened: he saw me and my rapier, and ran away. Of what breed is he? for I know nothing of dogs.
_La Fontaine._ And write so well!
_Rochefoucault._ Is he a truffler?
_La Fontaine._ No, not he; but quite as innocent.
_Rochefoucault._ Something of the shepherd-dog, I suspect.
_La Fontaine._ Nor that neither; although he fain would make you believe it. Indeed he is very like one: pointed nose, pointed ears, apparently stiff, but readily yielding; long hair, particularly about the neck; n.o.ble tail over his back, three curls deep, exceedingly pleasant to stroke down again; straw-colour all above, white all below. He might take it ill if you looked for it; but so it is, upon my word: an ermeline might envy it.
_Rochefoucault._ What are his pursuits?
_La Fontaine._ As to pursuit and occupation, he is good for nothing.
In fact, I like those dogs best ... and those men too.
_Rochefoucault._ Send Nanon then for a pair of silk stockings, and mount my carriage with me: it stops at the Louvre.
LUCIAN AND TIMOTHEUS
_Timotheus._ I am delighted, my Cousin Lucian, to observe how popular are become your _Dialogues of the Dead_. Nothing can be so gratifying and satisfactory to a rightly disposed mind, as the subversion of imposture by the force of ridicule. It hath scattered the crowd of heathen G.o.ds as if a thunderbolt had fallen in the midst of them. Now, I am confident you never would have a.s.sailed the false religion, unless you were prepared for the reception of the true. For it hath always been an indication of rashness and precipitancy, to throw down an edifice before you have collected materials for reconstruction.
_Lucian._ Of all metaphors and remarks, I believe this of yours, my good cousin Timotheus, is the most trite, and pardon me if I add, the most untrue. Surely we ought to remove an error the instant we detect it, although it may be out of our competence to state and establish what is right. A lie should be exposed as soon as born: we are not to wait until a healthier child is begotten. Whatever is evil in any way should be abolished. The husbandman never hesitates to eradicate weeds, or to burn them up, because he may not happen at the time to carry a sack on his shoulder with wheat or barley in it. Even if no wheat or barley is to be sown in future, the weeding and burning are in themselves beneficial, and something better will spring up.
_Timotheus._ That is not so certain.
_Lucian._ Doubt it as you may, at least you will allow that the temporary absence of evil is an advantage.