101. Soldiers are grouped into squads for purposes of instruction, discipline, control, and order.
102. The squad proper consists of a corporal and seven privates.
The movements in the School of the Squad are designed to make the squad a fixed unit and to facilitate the control and movement of the company. If the number of men grouped is more than 3 and less than 12, they are formed as a squad of 4 files, the excess above 8 being posted as file closers. If the number grouped is greater than 11, 2 or more squads are formed and the group is termed a platoon.
For the instruction of recruits, these rules may be modified.
103. The corporal is the squad leader, and when absent is replaced by a designated private. If no private is designated, the senior in length of service acts as leader.
The corporal, when in ranks, is posted as the left man in the front rank of the squad.
When the corporal leaves the ranks to lead his squad, his rear rank man steps into the front rank, and the file remains blank until the corporal returns to his place in ranks, when his rear rank man steps back into the rear rank.
104. In battle officers and sergeants endeavor to preserve the integrity of squads; they designate new leaders to replace those disabled, organize new squads when necessary, and see that every man is placed in a squad.
Men are taught the necessity of remaining with the squad to which they belong and, in case it be broken up or they become separated therefrom, to attach themselves to the nearest squad and platoon leaders, whether these be of their own or of another organization.
105. The squad executes the _halt_, _rests_, _facings_, _steps_ and _marchings_, and the _manual of arms_ as explained in the School of the Soldier.
_To Form the Squad._
106. To form the squad the instructor places himself 3 paces in front of where the center is to be and commands: _FALL IN_.
The men a.s.semble at attention, pieces at the order, and are arranged by the corporal in double rank, as nearly as practicable in order of height from right to left, each man dropping his left hand as soon as the man on his left has his interval. The rear rank forms with distance of 40 inches.
The instructor then commands: _COUNT OFF_.
At this command all except the right file execute _eyes right_, and beginning on the right, the men in each rank count _one_, _two_, _three_, _four_; each man turns his head and eyes to the front as he counts.
Pieces are then inspected.
_Alignments._
107. To align the squad, the base file or files having been established: 1. _Right (Left)_, 2. _DRESS_, 3. _FRONT_.
At the command _dress_ all men place the left hand upon the hip (whether dressing to the right or left); each man, except the base file, when on or near the new line executes _eyes right_, and, taking steps of 2 or 3 inches, places himself so that his right arm rests lightly against the arm of the man on his right, and so that his eyes and shoulders are in line with those of the men on his right; the rear rank men cover in file.
The instructor verifies the alignment of both ranks from the right flank and orders up or back such men as may be in rear, or in advance, of the line; only the men designated move.
At the command _front_, given when the ranks are aligned, each man turns his head and eyes to the front and drops his left hand by his side.
In the first drills the basis of the alignment is established on, or parallel to, the front of the squad; afterwards, in oblique directions.
Whenever the position of the base file or files necessitates a considerable movement by the squad, such movement will be executed by marching to the front or oblique, to the flank or backward, as the case may be, without other command, and at the trail.
108. To preserve the alignment when marching: _GUIDE RIGHT (LEFT)_.
The men preserve their intervals from the side of the guide, yielding to pressure from that side and resisting pressure from the opposite direction; they recover intervals, if lost, by gradually opening out or closing in; they recover alignment by slightly lengthening or shortening the step; the rear rank men cover their file leaders at 40 inches.
In double rank, the front-rank man on the right, or designated flank, conducts the march; when marching faced to the flank, the leading man of the front rank is the guide.
_To Take Intervals and Distances._
109. Being in line at a halt: 1. _Take interval_, 2. _To the right (left)_, 3. _MARCH_, 4. _Squad_, 5. _HALT_.
At the second command the rear-rank men march backward 4 steps and halt; at the command _march_ all face to the right and the leading man of each rank steps off; the other men step off in succession, each following the preceding man at 4 paces, rear-rank men marching abreast of their file leaders.
At the command _halt_, given when all have their intervals, all halt and face to the front.
110. Being at intervals, to a.s.semble the squad: 1. _a.s.semble, to the right (left)_, 2. _MARCH_.
The front-rank man on the right stands fast, the rear-rank man on the right closes to 40 inches. The other men face to the right, close by the shortest line, and face to the front.
111. Being in line at a halt and having counted off: 1. _Take distance_, 2. _MARCH_, 3. _Squad_, 4. _HALT_.
At the command _march_ No. 1 of the front rank moves straight to the front; Nos. 2, 3, and 4 of the front rank and Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the rear rank, in the order named, move straight to the front, each stepping off so as to follow the preceding man at 4 paces. The command _halt_ is given when all have their distances.
In case more than one squad is in line, each squad executes the movement as above. The guide of each rank of numbers is right.
112. Being at distances, to a.s.semble the squad: 1. _a.s.semble_, 2.
_MARCH_.
No. 1 of the front rank stands fast; the other numbers move forward to their proper places in line.
_To Stack and Take Arms._
113. Being in line at a halt: _STACK ARMS_.
Each even number of the front rank grasps his piece with the left hand at the upper band and rests the b.u.t.t between his feet, barrel to the front, muzzle inclined slightly to the front and opposite the center of the interval on his right, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel; each even number of the rear rank then pa.s.ses his piece, barrel to the rear, to his file leader, who grasps it between the bands with his right hand and throws the b.u.t.t about 2 feet in advance of that of his own piece and opposite the right of the interval, the right hand slipping to the upper band, the thumb and forefinger raising the stacking swivel, which he engages with that of his own piece; each odd number of the front rank raises his piece with the right hand, carries it well forward, barrel to the front; the left hand, guiding the stacking swivel, engages the lower hook of the swivel of his own piece with the free hook of that of the even number of the rear rank; he then turns the barrel outward into the angle formed by the other two pieces and lowers the b.u.t.t to the ground, to the right of and against the toe of his right shoe.
The stacks made, the loose pieces are laid on them by the even numbers of the front rank.
When each man has finished handling pieces, he takes the position of the soldier.
114. Being in line behind the stacks: _TAKE ARMS_.
The loose pieces are returned by the even numbers of the front rank; each even number of the front rank grasps his own piece with the left hand, the piece of his rear-rank man with his right hand, grasping both between the hands; each odd number of the front rank grasps his piece in the same way with the right hand, disengages it by raising the b.u.t.t from the ground and then, turning the piece to the right, detaches it from the stack; each even number of the front rank disengages and detaches his piece by turning it to the left, and then pa.s.ses the piece of his rear-rank man to him, and all resume the order.
115. Should any squad have Nos. 2 and 3 blank files, No. 1 rear rank takes the place of No. 2 rear rank in making and breaking the stack; the stacks made or broken, he resumes his post.
Pieces not used in making the stack are termed _loose pieces_.
Pieces are never stacked with the bayonet fixed.