[>] "For some, ... Scientology"s conflict": Wallis, The Road to Total Freedom, p. 214.
[>] "From that moment on": Hubbard, "Keeping Scientology Working," HCO Policy Letter, February 7, 1965.
4. The Bridge to Total Freedom A great deal of this chapter relies on the recollections of Jeff Hawkins, a member and official of the Church of Scientology for close to forty years. To tell the story of Jeff"s growing involvement in Scientology in the 1960s, and of Scientology"s overall evolution and cultural outlook during the 1960s, I relied primarily on four lengthy in-person interviews with Hawkins in the spring of 2007, as well as numerous follow-up phone calls and well over two hundred e-mail exchanges through the summer of 2010. Other essential sources of information on Scientology in the 1960s were Nancy and Chris Many, Jim Dinalci, Mike Henderson, and Dan Koon, all of whom I interviewed personally, and with whom I also conducted subsequent, and lengthy, e-mail exchanges.
For a less subjective view on the era, I referred primarily to Paulette Cooper"s The Scandal of Scientology, George Malko"s Scientology: The Now Religion, Stephen Kent"s From Slogans to Mantras, Roy Wallis"s The Road to Total Freedom, and L. Ron Hubbard"s own copious writing and taped lectures, notably his policy letters and executive directives. As in prior chapters, biographical and narrative history pertaining to Hubbard and his adventures was drawn from A Piece of Blue Sky and Barefaced Messiah, among other sources.
The description of Scientology"s attempted takeover of the National a.s.sociation of Mental Health is drawn primarily from C. H. Rolph"s Believe What You Like, as well as Wallis"s The Road to Total Freedom.
[>] "Wherever you go": Malko, Scientology: The Now Religion, p. 7.
[>] STEP INTO THE WORLD: Cooper, The Scandal of Scientology, p. 47.
[>] "drugless psychedelic": Malko, Scientology: The Now Religion, p. 9.
[>] "After drugs comes Scientology": Recollection by the ex-Scientologist Jim Dinalci of a poster he saw near the University of California, Berkeley, circa 1969, told to me in an interview, September 20, 2007.
[>] "be a member of Scientology": Wallis, The Road to Total Freedom, p. 162.
[>] "raw meat": Hubbard, HCO Bulletin, January 16, 1968.
[>] "Beautiful": Cooper, The Scandal of Scientology, p. 14, and interviews with Hawkins, Many, and others.
[>] "step into the exciting world": Cooper, The Scandal of Scientology, p. 13; Malko, Scientology: The Now Religion, p. 7.
[>] More recently, the Kabbalah: Ruth La Ferla, "Objects of Jewish Devotion Evolve into a Fashion Fad," New York Times, June 29, 2004.
[>] Leonard Cohen, Ca.s.s Elliot: Malko, Scientology: The Now Religion, p. 6.
[>]even Jim Morrison: Ibid., p. 7.
[>] "Scientology can do more": William Burroughs, Naked Scientology, p. 72, citing a statement made in the Los Angeles Free Press, March 6, 1970.
[>] Charles Manson, for one: Vincent Bugliosi, Helter Skelter: The True Story of the Manson Murders, pp. 17678, 318, 610.
[>] At the close of 1967: The $1 million figure is an approximation taken from what Atack, in A Piece of Blue Sky (p. 170), writes was a sum of 457,277 for the year ending April 1967 (or roughly 9,000 per week).
[>] averaged $80,000: Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 171. By August 1967, "Saint Hill was taking in as much as 40,000 a week, almost five times its income of the previous year."
[>] "run-of the-mill, garden-variety": Lecture, "Creative Admiration Processing," January 10, 1953; Saint Hill Special Briefing Course-82 6611C29.
[>] Enturbulated was a word: Hubbard, Scientology and Dianetics Technical Dictionary, p. 144.
[>] "rationality toward the greatest": Ibid., p. 146.
[>] "Conditions of Existence": Ibid., p. 86. This refers to the so-called ethics conditions. In a more general sense, Scientology defines three basic "conditions of existence" that define life: "beingness," "doingness," and "havingness" (ibid., p. 87).
[>] He had resigned: Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 167; Miller, Barefaced Messiah, p. 263; Cooper, The Scandal of Scientology, p. 110.
[>] He was "Fabian": On the recording of "Ron"s Journal "67," Hubbard advised his followers that "so long as we are Fabian-elusive-we grow strong." Jon Atack, in an online essay, "General Report on Scientology" (home.snafu.de/tilman/j/general.html#JCA-84), takes it a bit further: "Hubbard a.s.serted that the Sea Org is "fabian," and redefined that word to mean "using stratagem and delay to wear out an opponent." Hubbard wanted the Sea Org to be seen as "a determined but elusive and sometimes frightening group.""
[>] To ingratiate himself: Miller, Barefaced Messiah, p. 259.
[>] he had come to Africa: Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, p. 166; "Millionaire in b.u.mi Hills Hotel Deal," Sunday Mail Reporter (Rhodesia), May 22, 1966.
[>] refused to renew his visa: "U.S. Financier Is Refused Residence Permit," Bulawayo Chronicle, July 14, 1966; "Financier Must Quit Rhodesia," Rhodesia Herald, July 14, 1966.
[>] David Ziff, an heir: According to Hawkins and other former Scientologists, Ziff was the son of William B. Ziff Sr., founder of Ziff-Davis, and a brother of William Ziff Jr., who built the company into an empire, publishing such t.i.tles as Car and Driver and Popular Mechanics. Ziff"s 2006 obituary in theNew York Times, however, made no mention of David Ziff, nor has his name come up in other references to the Ziff family, possibly due to his long estrangement over Scientology.
[>] "We are rolling up": Hubbard, Executive Directive 42 INT, November 4, 1968.
[>] had isolated the enemy: Hubbard, "Stability," Executive Directive 51 INT, November 24, 1968.
[>] "In all the broad Universe": "Ron"s Journal "67."
[>] "undesirable alien" ... "pseudo-philosophical cult": Atack, A Piece of Blue Sky, pp. 18283; Enquiry into the Practice and Effects of Scientology (The Foster Report), by Sir John Foster, 1971, www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Cowen/audit/fosthome.html.
[>] carrying banners that said: Wallis, The Road to Total Freedom, p. 204; C. H. Rolph, Believe What You Like, pp. 52, 102.
[>] "We are masters of IQ": Hubbard, "The Special Zone Plan: The Scientologist"s Role in Life," HCO Bulletin, June 23, 1960.