[267] Lehr, -- 1236 ff.
[268] "De Clercq et de Vallat," I., pp. 106, 107.
[269] -- 244.
[270] For various protocols, see Treaties of U. S., 824, 1148; 30 U.
S. Sts. at Large, 1593; _ibid._, 1596. For the recent protocol between the United States and Spain as to terms of peace, see 30 U.
S. Sts. at Large, 1742.
[271] Wheat., D., ---- 254, 344.
[272] The Holy Alliance of 1815 was signed by three sovereigns.
[273] See p. 163.
[274] The Declaration of Paris, 1856.
[275] 17 U. S. Sts. at Large, 863; Treaties of U. S., 478.
[276] Art. II., -- 2, 2.
[277] Calvo, ---- 643-668.
[278] Grotius, II., 16; Vattel, II., 17. The rules of Vattel are briefly and well stated by Baker, "First Steps in International Law," 1899, p. 105.
[279] For the subject of interpretation, see Hall, ---- 111, 112, p.
350 ff.; 2 Phillimore, Pt. V., Ch. VIII.; Calvo, ---- 1649-1650; Pradier-Fodere, ---- 1171-1188.
[280] For discussion of the "most favored nation" clause, see 2 Whart., -- 134, also Appendix to Vol. III., p. 888.
[281] -- 116, p. 367.
[282] See Holls"s "Hague Peace Conference," 176 _et seq._
[283] See, on this entire subject, Moore"s "International Arbitration"; Holls"s "Hague Peace Conference," 176-305; Cushing"s "Treaty of Washington."
[284] 3 Phillimore, 21, 22.
[285] Pradier-Fodere, 2634-2636.
[286] Art. 15, U. S. Naval War Code; Proclamations and Decrees, p.
77. See Appendix, p. 405.
[287] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1770.
[288] Proclamations and Decrees, p. 93.
[289] Parl. Papers, Greece, No. 4, 1886.
[290] _The London Gazette_, March 19, 1897.
[291] U. S. For. Rel., 1897, p. 255.
[292] "De Jure Belli," I., II., "Bellum est publicorum armorum justa contentio;" Instr. U. S. Armies, -- 20.
[293] Halleck, Ch. XIV.; Calvo, -- 1866 ff.
[294] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1769, 1776.
[295] Takahashi, 42 _et seq._
[296] Prize Cases, 2 Black, U. S. 635.
[297] Takahashi, 38 _et seq._
[298] Calvo, -- 1910.
[299] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 364.
[300] The French declaration of war against Prussia in 1870 is given in 2 Lorrimer, 443.
[301] Inst. U. S. Armies, -- 29; Appendix p. 338.
[302] Appendix, p. 369.
[303] Hall, -- 126, p. 405; Instr. U. S. Armies, ---- 20, 21, 22; Appendix, pp. 336, 337.
[304] See Appendix, p. 386.
[305] Appendix, pp. 353, 372, 388.
[306] "De Jure Belli," III., ix., 4.
[307] "De Jure et Officiis Bellicis," l., v., 25.
[308] 4 Ellis and Blackburn"s Reports, 217.
[309] Appendix, pp. 340, 385.
[310] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 451.
[311] Appendix, pp. 339, 385.
[312] 8 Cr., 110.
[313] See Index U. S. Treaties, "Reciprocal Privileges of Citizens."
[314] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 447.