[414] 3 C. Rob., 164.
[415] Hall, -- 221, p. 627.
[416] 3 Phillimore, 287-299.
[417] Hall, -- 222, p. 631. For the case of the "Caroline," see Appendix, p. 434.
[418] Oxford Manual, ---- 79, 80, 81. See Appendix, pp. 357.
[419] Perels, "Droit Maritime," -- 39, p. 244. The Netherlands Proclamation of Neutrality prescribed, in 1898, that "If ships of war, pursued by the enemy, seek refuge within our territory, they shall liberate their prizes."
[420] 7 Attorney-generals" Opinions, 122.
[421] As to the British Neutrality Regulations, see 2 Ferguson, Appendix F, p. 77; 2 Lorimer, 446.
[422] 3 Whart., -- 402; U. S. For. Rel., 1870.
[423] Proc. and Decrees of the war with Spain, Brazil, XVI, p. 15.
[424] Wheat, D., -- 425; Dana, _contra_, note 203; 1 Kent Com., pp.
49, 116; Bluntschli, -- 759; Woolsey, -- 165.
[425] Hall, -- 217, p. 621.
[426] 15 U. S. Sts. at Large, 259.
[427] 3 Whart., -- 391.
[428] U. S. Rev. Sts., -- 5288.
[429] 1 Amer. State Papers, 116.
[430] p. 627, -- 221.
[431] See Appendix, p. 435.
[432] 3 Whart., -- 402 _a_, p. 632.
[433] Bonfils, "Droit Int. Public," -- 1494 ff.; Despagnet, "Droit Int. Public," -- 682 ff.
[434] Walker, "Science of Int. Law," p. 296.
[435] See Treaties of U. S. under respective dates.
[436] See Appendix, p. 398.
[437] For the discussion of "the immunity of private property on the high seas," at the Hague Peace Conference, see Holls, 306 _et seq._
[438] Proclamations and Decrees during the war with Spain, pp. 77, 93.
[439] 3 Whart., -- 391.
[440] Appendix, p. 365.
[441] "De Jure Belli," Bk. III., Ch. i., 5; The "Petershoff," 5 Wall., 28, 58.
[442] Woolsey, "Int. Law," -- 194.
[443] U. S. Naval War Code, Arts. 34, 36; Appendix, p. 412; see Propositions Inst.i.tute Int. Law, Cambridge, 1895, ---- 3 and 4.
[444] The "Commercen," 1 Wheat., 382.
[445] See article of John Ba.s.sett Moore in _Review of Reviews_, May, 1899.
[446] The "Jonge Tobias," 1 C. Rob. 329.
[447] The "Staadt Embden," 1 C. Rob. 26; Takahashi, p. 94.
[448] Perels, "Manuel Droit Maritime," -- 46, p. 283.
[449] p. 690, -- 247.
[450] In some cases, belligerents exercise the so-called right of using or destroying belligerent property on the plea of necessity, giving compensation. This practice is called "angary" or "prestation," and is by most jurists either condemned or regarded with disfavor. An ill.u.s.tration is the sinking, during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, by the Germans, of several British merchant ships in the Seine to prevent French gunboats from going up the river. During the same war, the Germans seized in Alsace, for military purposes, certain railway carriages of the Central Swiss Railway and certain Austrian rolling stock, all of which remained in the possession of the Germans for some time. See Lawrence, -- 252; Hall, p. 765, -- 278. See Appendix, p. 402.
[451] 6 C. Rob. 440, 454.
[452] U. S. Naval War Code, Art. 20; Appendix, p. 406.
[453] The "Orozembo," 6 C. Rob. 430.
[454] Wheat., D., p. 648.
[455] The "Kow-Shing," Takahashi, 24-51.
[456] 1 C. Rob. 340, 359.
[457] The "Marianna Flora," 11 Wheat., 1.
[458] "International Law," Naval War College, p. 164; Lawrence, ---- 124, 210.
[459] U. S. Naval War Code, Art. 31; Appendix, p. 409.
[460] U. S. Naval War Code, Art. 32; Appendix, p. 410.
[461] U. S. Naval War Code, Art. 33; Appendix, p. 410. Most of the forms are given in Gla.s.s"s "Marine International Law."
[462] Hall, p. 644, -- 277.
[463] Takahashi, 16-23.