383) fit in much better with our information from other sources as to the progress of her illness than would have been the case had it been written in 1816.
[336] See p. 336.
[337] In _Evelina_.
[338] It must be remembered that there was no "Lord Portman" or "Lord Desborough" in 1814.
[339] In _Mansfield Park_.
[340] Published July 7, 1814. Jane Austen had no more doubt as to who was the author than Miss Mitford had.
[341] See p. 376.
[342] On the birth of Anna Lefroy"s eldest daughter, Jemima.
[343] See p. 374.
[344] No doubt the Frank Austens.
CHAPTER XX
FAILING HEALTH
1816-1817
During the last year of Jane Austen"s life, when her health was gradually failing, and she was obliged to depend--ever more and more exclusively--on her immediate family for society, she had at least the satisfaction of having her two sailor brothers nearer at hand than had often been the case.
After Frank"s return from the Baltic, early in 1814, nothing occurred of a more serious nature than the Great Naval Review in June--which only indirectly affected him, as he was not then in command of a ship--to prevent his attending to his family. He settled down to a domestic life with wife and children, first of all occupying the Great House at Chawton, but soon moving to Alton.
Charles, who for ten years had had active but unexciting work outside the theatre of war, now came more to the front. Commanding the _Phoenix_ frigate, he operated against Murat, when that eccentric sovereign took part with Napoleon on the escape of the latter from Elba.
Charles was sent in pursuit of a Neapolitan squadron cruising in the Adriatic; and subsequently he blockaded Brindisi, and waited for the garrison to hoist the white flag of the Bourbons. Later on, he was kept busy with Greek pirates in the Archipelago, until the _Phoenix_ was lost off Smyrna in 1816, when he returned home. The _Phoenix_ had been a lucky ship, Admiral Halsted having made his fortune in her; but her luck was worn out. When she went down, the pilot was on board; no lives were lost, and no blame fell on the captain. It must have been, however, a disappointing end to an exciting time; and, as the war was over, it might be long before he got another ship.
A letter from Charles to Jane, during this command, written from Palermo, May 6, 1815, furnishes us with one of the few indications that exist of fame achieved by her during her lifetime:--
Books became the subject of conversation, and I praised _Waverley_ highly, when a young man present observed that nothing had come out for years to be compared with _Pride and Prejudice_, _Sense and Sensibility_, &c. As I am sure you must be anxious to know the name of a person of so much taste, I shall tell you it is Fox, a nephew of the late Charles James Fox. That you may not be too much elated at this morsel of praise, I shall add that he did not appear to like _Mansfield Park_ so well as the two first, in which, however, I believe he is singular.[345]
We may compare this account with the quotation given in the _Memoir_[346] from Sir Henry Holland"s _Recollections_:--
I have the picture before me still of Lord Holland lying on his bed, when attacked with gout; his admirable sister, Miss Fox, reading aloud--as she always did on these occasions--some one of Miss Austen"s novels, of which he was never wearied.
It is as difficult to follow the various stages of Jane"s illness as it is to understand the exact nature of her complaint. She must have begun to feel her malady early in the year 1816; for some friends at a distance, whom she visited in the spring, "thought that her health was somewhat impaired, and observed that she went about her old haunts and recalled the old recollections connected with them in a particular manner--as if she did not expect ever to see them again."[347] This is, however, almost the only indication that we have of any diminution of vigour at that time; for the three letters to f.a.n.n.y Knight, given by Lord Brabourne as written in 1816, must be transferred to 1817[348]; and so must the two short extracts[349] on pp. 150, 151 of the _Memoir_, as they evidently refer to a family event which occurred in the March of the later year. The tone of her letters through the remainder of 1816, and at the beginning of the next year, was almost invariably cheerful, and she showed by the completion of _Persuasion_ that she was capable of first-rate literary work during the summer of 1816. The fact is that, as to health, she was an incurable optimist; her natural good spirits made her see the best side, and her unselfishness prompted the suppression of anything that might distress those around her. Nothing, for instance, could be more lively than the following letter to Edward Austen, written while he was still at Winchester School, but had come home for his last summer holidays.
Chawton: July 9, 1816.
MY DEAR EDWARD,--Many thanks. A thank for every line, and as many to Mr. W. Digweed for coming.
We have been wanting very much to hear of your mother, and are happy to find she continues to mend, but her illness must have been a very serious one indeed. When she is really recovered, she ought to try change of air, and come over to us. Tell your father I am very much obliged to him for his share of your letter, and most sincerely join in the hope of her being eventually much the better for her present discipline. She has the comfort moreover of being confined in such weather as gives one little temptation to be out. It is really too bad, and has been too bad for a long time, much worse than anybody _can_ bear, and I begin to think it will never be fine again. This is a _finesse_ of mine, for I have often observed that if one writes about the weather, it is generally completely changed before the letter is read. I wish it may prove so now, and that when Mr. W. Digweed reaches Steventon to-morrow, he may find you have had a long series of hot dry weather. We are a small party at present, only grandmamma, Mary Jane, and myself. Yalden"s coach cleared off the rest yesterday. . . .
I am glad you recollected to mention your being come home. My heart began to sink within me when I had got so far through your letter without its being mentioned. I was dreadfully afraid that you might be detained at Winchester by severe illness, confined to your bed perhaps, and quite unable to hold a pen, and only dating from Steventon in order, with a mistaken sort of tenderness, to deceive me. But now I have no doubt of your being at home, I am sure you would not say it so seriously unless it actually were so. We saw a countless number of post-chaises full of boys pa.s.s by yesterday morning[350]--full of future heroes, legislators, fools, and villains. You have never thanked me for my last letter, which went by the cheese. I cannot bear not to be thanked. You will not pay us a visit yet of course; we must not think of it. Your mother must get well first, and you must go to Oxford and _not_ be elected; after that a little change of scene may be good for you, and your physicians I hope will order you to the sea, or to a house by the side of a very considerable pond.[351] Oh! it rains again. It beats against the window. Mary Jane and I have been wet through once already to-day; we set off in the donkey-carriage for Farringdon, as I wanted to see the improvements Mr. Woolls is making, but we were obliged to turn back before we got there, but not soon enough to avoid a pelter all the way home. We met Mr. Woolls. I talked of its being bad weather for the hay, and he returned me the comfort of its being much worse for the wheat. We hear that Mrs. S. does not quit Tangier: why and wherefore? Do you know that our Browning is gone?
You must prepare for a William when you come, a good-looking lad, civil and quiet, and seeming likely to do. Good bye. I am sure Mr. W. D. will be astonished at my writing so much, for the paper is so thin that he will be able to count the lines if not to read them.
Yours affec^{ly}, J. AUSTEN.
Mr. J. E. Austen.
There was a second family visit this year to Cheltenham, where Ca.s.sandra and Jane had already been in the spring. Probably their connexion with this watering-place was through Mrs. James Austen, and _hers_ was through her sister, Mrs. Fowle of Kintbury. Mr. Fowle had lived at Elkstone near Cheltenham, and continued to hold that benefice, which was in the gift of the Craven family. The Fowles would naturally renew their intercourse with their old friends in the neighbourhood, and _he_ would go to see his curate and acquaint himself with the circ.u.mstances of his parish. The visits to Gloucestershire were therefore for pleasure and business as well as health.
In August 1816 it was a recent serious illness of Mrs. James Austen which took the party there; Mrs. Austen being accompanied by her daughter Caroline, and her sister-in-law Ca.s.sandra. Meanwhile, Jane remained with her mother at Chawton, where she had Edward Austen as a visitor.
During Ca.s.sandra"s absence Jane wrote to her as follows:--
Chawton: September 4, 1816.[352]
We go on very well here, Edward is a great pleasure to me; he drove me to Alton yesterday. I went princ.i.p.ally to carry news of you and Henry, and made a regular handsome visit, staying there while Edward went on to Wyards with an invitation to dinner: it was declined, and will be so again to-day probably, for I really believe Anna is not equal to the fatigue. The Alton four drank tea with us last night, and we were very pleasant:--Jeu de Violon, &c.--all new to Mr.
Sweney--and he entered into it very well. It was a renewal of former agreeable evenings.
We all (except my mother) dine at Alton to-morrow, and perhaps may have some of the same sports again, but I do not think Mr. and Mrs. D. will add much to our wit. Edward is writing a novel--we have all heard what he has written--it is extremely clever, written with great ease and spirit; if he can carry it on in the same way it will be a first-rate work, and in a style, I think, to be popular. Pray tell Mary how much I admire it--and tell Caroline that I think it is hardly fair upon her and myself to have him take up the novel line.
Sunday [September 8].
MY DEAREST Ca.s.sANDRA,--I have borne the arrival of your letter to-day extremely well; anybody might have thought it was giving me pleasure. I am very glad you find so much to be satisfied with at Cheltenham. While the waters agree, everything else is trifling.
Our day at Alton was very pleasant, venison quite right, children well-behaved, and Mr. and Mrs.
Digweed taking kindly to our charades and other games. I must also observe, for his mother"s satisfaction, that Edward at my suggestion devoted himself very properly to the entertainment of Miss S. Gibson. Nothing was wanting except Mr. Sweney, but he, alas! had been ordered away to London the day before. We had a beautiful walk home by moonlight.
Thank you, my back has given me scarcely any pain for many days. I have an idea that agitation does it as much harm as fatigue, and that I was ill at the time of your going from the very circ.u.mstance of your going. I am nursing myself up now into as beautiful a state as I can, because I hear that Dr. White means to call on me before he leaves the country.
I have not seen Anna since the day you left us; her father and brother visited her most days.
Edward[353] and Ben called here on Thursday.
Edward was in his way to Selborne. We found him very agreeable. He is come back from France, thinking of the French as one could wish--disappointed in everything. He did not go beyond Paris.
I have a letter from Mrs. Perigord; she and her mother are in London again. She speaks of France as a scene of general poverty and misery: no money, no trade, nothing to be got but by the innkeepers, and as to her own present prospects she is not much less melancholy than before.
I enjoyed Edward"s company very much, as I said before, and yet I was not sorry when Friday came.
It had been a busy week, and I wanted a few days"
quiet and exemption from the thought and contrivancy which any sort of company gives. I often wonder how _you_ can find time for what you do, in addition to the care of the house; and how good Mrs. West[354] could have written such books and collected so many hard words, with all her family cares, is still more a matter of astonishment. Composition seems to me impossible with a head full of joints of mutton and doses of rhubarb.
We do not much like Mr. Cooper"s new sermons. They are fuller of regeneration and conversion than ever, with the addition of his zeal in the cause of the Bible Society.