There is a pa.s.sage in a letter written from Southampton, February 1807,[41] in which she says she is often "all astonishment and shame"
when she thinks of her own manners as a young girl and contrasts them with what she sees in the "best children" of a later date.
One other mention of Jane at this period may be quoted--that of Sir Egerton Brydges, the author and genealogist. His sister had married Mr.
Lefroy, who in 1783 had become rector of Ashe (the living which George Austen would have held, had it become vacant before Deane), in succession to Dr. Russell. Sir Egerton, on his marriage in 1788, had for two years rented Mr. Austen"s parsonage at Deane in order to be near his sister.
The nearest neighbours of the Lefroys were the Austens at Steventon. I remember Jane Austen the novelist as a little child. She was very intimate with Mrs. Lefroy and much encouraged by her. Her mother was a Miss Leigh, whose paternal grandmother was sister to the first Duke of Chandos. Mr. Austen was of a Kentish family, of which several branches have been settled in the Weald of Kent, and some are still remaining there.
When I knew Jane Austen I never suspected that she was an auth.o.r.ess, but my eyes told me that she was fair and handsome, slight and elegant, but with cheeks a little too full.
Sir Egerton"s description is the more pleasing of the two; but it must be remembered that he was writing long after the time he mentions, and that his recollections were no doubt somewhat mellowed by Jane Austen"s subsequent fame; whereas Philadelphia Walter"s is an unvarnished contemporary criticism--the impression made by Jane on a girl a few years older than herself.
Fortunately, neither looks nor manners are stereotyped at the age of twelve, so we need not be surprised to find that Eliza, when writing in August 1791 in reference to a letter just received from Steventon, talks of the two sisters as "perfect Beauties," who were of course gaining "hearts by dozens." And again in November of the same year, she writes that she hears "they are two of the prettiest girls in England."[42] When due allowance is made for family exaggeration, we may conclude that at eighteen and fifteen years of age both Ca.s.sandra and Jane had their fair share of good looks.
Eliza"s letters give us another glimpse of the sisters in 1792, and indeed of the whole Steventon party. She writes on September 26:--
I have the real pleasure of informing you that our dear Uncle and Aunt are both in perfect health.
The former looks uncommonly well, and in my opinion his likeness to my beloved mother is stronger than ever. Often do I sit and trace her features in his, till my heart overflows at my eyes. I always tenderly loved my Uncle, but I think he is now dearer to me than ever, as being the nearest and best beloved relation of the never to be sufficiently regretted parent I have lost; Ca.s.sandra and Jane are both very much grown (the latter is now taller than myself), and greatly improved as well in manners as in person, both of which are now much more formed than when you saw them. They are I think equally sensible and both so to a degree seldom met with, but still my heart gives the preference to Jane, whose kind partiality to me indeed requires a return of the same nature. Henry is now rather more than six feet high, I believe; he also is much improved, and is certainly endowed with uncommon abilities, which indeed seem to have been bestowed, though in a different way, upon each member of this family.
As to the coolness which you know had taken place between H. and myself, it has now ceased, in consequence of due acknowledgement, on his part, and we are at present on very proper relationlike terms. You know that his family design him for the Church. Ca.s.sandra was from home when I arrived; she was then on a visit to Rowling, the abode of her brother Edward--from which she returned some time since, but is now once more absent, as well as her sister, on a visit to the Miss Lloyds, who live at a place called Ibthorp, about eighteen miles from hence. . . . There has been a Club Ball at Basingstoke and a private one in the neighbourhood, both of which my cousins say were very agreeable.
The date 1790 or 1791 must be a.s.signed to the portrait--believed to be of Jane Austen, and believed to be by Zoffany--which has been chosen as the frontispiece for this book, as it was for Lord Brabourne"s edition of the Letters.[43] We are unable for want of evidence to judge of the likeness of the picture to Jane Austen as a girl; there is, so far as we have heard, no family tradition of her having been painted; and, as her subsequent fame could hardly have been predicted, we should not expect that either her great-uncle Frank, or her cousin, Francis Motley Austen, would go to the expense of a picture of her by Zoffany. Francis Motley had a daughter of his own, another Jane Austen, who became Mrs. Campion of Danny, and a confusion between the two Janes is a possible explanation.
On the other hand, we believe there is no tradition in either the Austen or the Campion family of any such portrait of _that_ Jane Austen, and the _provenance_ of our picture is well authenticated. The Rev. Morland Rice (grandson of Edward Austen) was a Demy of Magdalen College, Oxford.
An old Fellow of Magdalen, Dr. Newman, many years before his death, told him that he had a portrait of Jane Austen the novelist, that had long been in his family. He stated that it was painted at Bath when she was about fifteen, and he promised to leave him (M. Rice) the picture. A few months before his death, Dr. Newman wrote to his friend, Dr. Bloxam, sending him a picture as a farewell present, and adding: "I have another picture that I wish to go to your neighbour, Morland Rice. It is a portrait of Jane Austen the novelist, by Zoffany. The picture was given to my stepmother by her friend Colonel Austen of Kippington, Kent, because she was a great admirer of her works." Colonel Austen was a son of Francis Motley, and it is hardly conceivable that he should give away to a stranger a portrait of his _sister_ Jane as one of his _cousin_ Jane. Our Jane became fifteen on December 16, 1790, and Zoffany returned from India[44] in that year. Jane is believed to have visited her uncle, Dr. Cooper (who died in 1792), at Bath. There is nothing in these dates to raise any great difficulty, and, on the whole, we have good reason to hope that we possess in this picture an authentic portrait of the author.
The Austens seem to have been possessed of considerable histrionic talent, and they were decidedly ambitious in the plays they undertook.
Their cousin Eliza was out of England in 1784 when their theatricals first began; but on a later occasion she was one of the princ.i.p.al performers. They had their summer theatre in the barn, and their winter theatre either there or within the narrow limits of the dining-room, where the number of listeners must have been very small. In 1784 Sheridan"s _Rivals_ was acted by "some ladies and gentlemen at Steventon." The same year they seem to have given also the tragedy of _Matilda_.[45] It was the day of prologues and epilogues, and the young actors were careful to omit nothing that would make the performance complete. James, the eldest son, brought into play his skill in verse-making; and we read of Henry Austen speaking a prologue (from his brother"s pen) to _The Rivals_, while the prologue to _Matilda_ was given by Edward Austen, and the epilogue by Thomas Fowle.
Midsummer and Christmas were the two seasons when George Austen dismissed his pupils for their holidays, and it was at these two periods that the theatricals usually took place. For the year 1787 we have a few details as to contemplated performances. Eliza de Feuillide had come to England with her mother in the summer of 1786, and probably went to Steventon at midsummer. In September 1787 she was at Tunbridge Wells with her mother and her cousin Phila. In a letter to her brother, Phila tells us that they went to the theatre, where (as was the custom in those days) the Comtesse--presumably as a person of some importance--"bespoke" the play, which was _Which is the Man?_[46] and _Bon Ton_.[47] This is interesting, because later on in the same letter Phila says: "They [i.e. the Comtesse and her mother] go at Christmas to Steventon and mean to act a play, _Which is the Man?_ and _Bon Ton_. My uncle"s barn is fitting up quite like a theatre, and all the young folks are to take their part. The Countess is Lady Bob Lardoon [_sic_] in the former and Miss t.i.ttup in the latter. They wish me much of the party and offer to carry me, but I do not think of it. I should like to be a spectator, but am sure I should not have courage to act a part, nor do I wish to attain it."
Eliza was, however, very urgent with Phila that she should send all diffidence _to Coventry_.
Your accommodations at Steventon are the only things my Aunt Austen and myself are uneasy about, as the house being very full of company, she says she can only promise you "a place to hide your head in," but I think you will not mind this inconvenience. I am sure I should not--to be with you. Do not let your dress neither disturb you, as I think I can manage it so that the _Green Room_ should provide you with what is necessary for acting. We purpose setting out the 17th of December. . . . I a.s.sure you we shall have a most brilliant party and a great deal of amus.e.m.e.nt, the house full of company, frequent b.a.l.l.s. You cannot possibly resist so many temptations, especially when I tell you your old friend James is returned from France and is to be of the acting party.
But Phila still stood out, and Eliza attacked her once more on November 23, begging her to come for a fortnight to Steventon, provided she could bring herself to act, "for my Aunt Austen declares "she has not room for any _idle young people_.""
We hear no more news of these theatricals, but it is probable that there was a change in the selection of the plays, for there is extant a prologue by James Austen to _The Wonder_,[48] acted at Steventon, December 26 and 28, 1787, as well as an epilogue "spoken by a Lady in the character of Violante." There is also a prologue to _The Chances_,[49] acted at Steventon, January 1788.
The last Steventon performances of which we have any knowledge took place in January 1790, when a farce called _The Sultan_[50] was acted.
The leading lady on this last occasion was Miss Cooper, who spoke the epilogue in the character of Roxalana, Henry Austen playing the t.i.tle-role. On the same occasion Townley"s farce, _High Life below Stairs_, was also given.
Of Jane"s own part in these performances there is no record, for she was only just fourteen when the last took place. But even if she took no more share than f.a.n.n.y Price, she must have acquired a considerable acquaintance with the language of the theatre--knowledge that she was to turn to good account in _Mansfield Park_. She was an early observer, and it might reasonably be supposed that some of the incidents and feelings which are so vividly painted in the _Mansfield Park_ theatricals are due to her recollections of these entertainments.
The talent and liveliness which she would show, if ever she had an opportunity of acting herself, may be imagined. The late Sir William Heathcote is said to have remembered being with her at a Twelfth Night party when he was a little boy, on which occasion she, having drawn the part of Mrs. Candour, acted it with appreciation and spirit.
FOOTNOTES:
[33] W. R. O"Byrne"s _Naval Biographical Dictionary_, 1849.
[34] Pp. 16-20.
[35] We again make use of the words of the _Memoir_ (pp. 15-17) in the description of the family party, &c.
[36] We are told that Jane was one of the least exclusive of the family.
[37] _Memoir_, pp. 22, 23.
[38] The carriage was given up in 1798. See letter of November 17 in that year in _Brabourne_, vol. i. p. 165.
[39] _Memoir_, p. 42.
[40] _Memoir_, p. 45.
[41] See p. 201.
[42] _Supra_, p. 43.
[43] A reproduction of this picture appears also as a frontispiece to the first volume of Dent"s ill.u.s.trated edition of the novels (1892).
[44] _Dictionary of National Biography_, s.v.
[45] By Dr. Thomas Francklin; but said to be almost a translation of Voltaire"s _Duc de Foix_.
[46] A comedy by Mrs. Cowley.
[47] _Bon Ton, or High Life above Stairs_, a comedy by David Garrick.
[48] _The Wonder: a Woman keeps a Secret_, a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre.
[49] Probably Garrick"s version of Fletcher"s comedy.
[50] _The Sultan: or a Peep into the Seraglio_, by I. Bickerstaffe.
CHAPTER V
GROWTH AND CHANGE
1792-1796
Though it may hardly be likely that the Austens could rival Mrs. Bennet of _Pride and Prejudice_ by professing to dine with four-and-twenty families, there was, nevertheless (for a quiet country neighbourhood), a very fair amount of society to be had around Steventon.
Readers of Jane Austen"s letters will come across the names of many Hampshire neighbours, with occasional indications of the estimate which she formed of their intellects and characters. Probably there were many different degrees of refinement in different families; and towards the bottom of the list must have come the squire of many acres,[51] who, we are told, inquired of Mr. Austen whether Paris was in France or France in Paris, and who quoted a speech of the Rector"s wife as beginning with a round oath, saying, when remonstrated with, that it was merely his "way of telling the story." When the author of the _Memoir_ expresses his belief that a century and a half ago the improvement of manners in most country parishes began with the clergy, he was no doubt thinking of the more learned minority of that body, who would bring into the depths of the country something of the enlightenment of a university. To this minority Jane"s father and brother belonged, and thus the family probably gave to the society around them at least as much culture as they received from it in return.
In the outer circle of their neighbourhood stood the houses of three peers--those of Lord Portsmouth at Hurstbourne, Lord Bolton at Hackwood, and Lord Dorchester at Greywell. The owners of these places now and then gave b.a.l.l.s at home,[52] and could also be relied upon to bring parties to some of the a.s.semblies at Basingstoke. Hardly less important than these magnates were the Mildmays of Dogmersfield and the Chutes of The Vyne. The Mr. Chute of that day was not only one of the two M.P."s for the whole county of Hampshire, but was also a well-known and popular M.F.H., and the husband of an excellent and cultivated wife. Then came other squires--Portals at Freefolk, Bramstons at Oakley Hall, Jervoises at Herriard, Harwoods at Deane, Terrys at Dummer, Holders at Ashe Park--with several clerical families, and other smaller folk.