"DEVONSHIRE."
[Ill.u.s.tration]
The reduced scale proved no obstacle, and the success was gracefully acknowledged as follows:
"London, April 14, 1852.
"DEAR SIR,
"In these critical days of the Crystal Palace, let me request your acceptance of the seal for which you gave me the idea.
"And that you may not have any feeling as to depriving me of it, I must tell you that I have another.
"Believe me,
"Most sincerely yours,
"DEVONSHIRE."
But what was the subject of the drawing? In a courteous reply to my inquiry, I find from the present Duke that he has no such drawing in any of his books, and he knows nothing of the seal. In a postscript to one of Leech"s letters to his friend Adams, however, I find the following mention of it:
"Look at the seal on this envelope. I told you, I think, some time ago about my making a little sketch for the Duke of Devonshire, and how kind he was about it, saying he must have a seal made of it.
Well, he called here himself, and left me a most handsome and valuable seal the other day, of which, I confess, I am proud to send you an impression. As you say of some of your people, "It"s very nice to be treated so, isn"t it?" The design of the seal is a spade turning up the Crystal Palace, in allusion to Paxton being a gardener.
"Ever yours, my dear Charley, "JOHN LEECH.
"31, Notting Hill Terrace, "April 20, 1852."
Though the present Duke of Devonshire knows nothing of the seal, or the drawing from which it was made, I am happy to say that I am able to present to my readers an impression from it, through the kindness of Leech"s son-in-law, Mr. Gillett, to whom I applied in my perplexity.
Everybody may not know that Sir Joseph Paxton, the Duke of Devonshire"s gardener, was the architect of the gla.s.s house of 1851, afterwards christened the Crystal Palace, which--greatly enlarged--now flourishes at Sydenham. I conclude this chapter with an extract from _Notes and Queries_, evidently written by a friend of Leech. The writer, under date November, 1864, says:
"Leech"s success was owing to his almost daily practice of jotting in his note-book every remarkable physiognomy or incident that struck him in his rambles. Such, at any rate, was his practice at the commencement of his too brief career. On one occasion he and I were riding to town together in an omnibus, when an elderly gentleman in a very peculiar dress, and with very marked features, stepped into the vehicle, and sat down immediately in front of us.
We were the only inside pa.s.sengers. For whom or for what he took, or probably mistook, us, I know not; but he stared so hard, and made such wry faces at us, that I could hardly refrain from laughter. My discomfiture was almost completed when Leech suddenly exclaimed, "By the way, did Prendergast ever show you that extraordinary account that has been recently forwarded to him?"
and, showing me his note-book, added, "Just run your eye up that column, and tell me what you can make of it." Instead of a column, the features of the old gentleman were reflected upon the page with life-like fidelity. On another occasion I saw him strike off with prompt.i.tude and skill the scene of a quarrel between some dirty little urchins in a suburban village."
_Note._--To my great regret, I find that the material in which Mr.
Bentley"s drawing was executed made its reproduction impossible.
CHAPTER XXII.
ARTISTS" LIVES.
"Silent, gentle, forbearing, his indignation flashed forth an eloquence when roused by anything mean or ungenerous. Manly in all his thoughts, tastes, and habits, there was about him an almost feminine tenderness.
He would sit by the bedside, and smooth the pillow of a sick child with the gentleness of a woman. No wonder he was the idol of those around him, but it is the happiness of such a life that there is so little to be told of it."
I do not know to what friend of Leech"s we are indebted for these few words; which are, however, sufficient to convey a perfect idea of the subject of them to those to whom he was only known by his works.
The lives of most artists are uneventful. Leech"s short life was especially so. His incessant labour prevented his giving the time to what is called society--that is so often devoted to it--to the loss of the happiness that home always afforded to him. He was a self-sacrificing and most dutiful son, a good and loving father and husband, and a true and faithful friend. In the quotation above we read that there is little to be told of Leech"s life. I have talked with those who had the happiness of greater intimacy with him than I can boast of, without being able to learn anything beyond the ordinary events of an everyday life, void of dramatic incident, commonplace in fact, except for the constant triumph of an unapproachable genius.
Leech had a large circle of friends and acquaintances, with here and there an aristocrat amongst the latter; but his intimates were few: between them and him, however, there were unusually strong ties of affectionate regard; his nervous, modest, retiring nature often conveyed a false impression of him to casual acquaintances. I have heard him described as haughty, "stand-offish," cold, and so on; and his manner to some of those who may have met him for the first time, occasionally admitted of that construction; but it arose from nervousness, or from an aversion to loud and ill-timed compliment, feeling, as he sincerely did, his "little sketches" deserved no such eulogium. Though Leech"s life offers no field for the description of stirring events, the delightful nature of the man affords matchless opportunities for study, reflection, and emulation; and that study may be pursued in the examination of his works, in which, as in a looking-gla.s.s, the nature of their producer is reflected. There may be seen ever-recurring proofs of the artist"s intense love of Nature in all her forms; whether he deals with woman, the most beautiful of all Nature"s works, or with children in the endless variety of their attractiveness, absolute truth, tenderness and beauty are paramount; and not only are these creatures natural and beautiful, but the artist is at one with them in all their doings, from the sympathy peculiar to him with all that is simple, pure, and lovable.
Side by side with this tenderness of heart, we have a robust manliness which shows itself constantly.
As a matter of course Leech"s love of Nature was not confined to humanity, but was extended to the animal creation, to the trees and the fields, the sea-sh.o.r.e and the sea--in short, to every form of animate and inanimate nature. Think what a delight such a const.i.tuted heart and mind must be to the possessor of them! and not only to him, but to us to whom he so freely offers the results of his sympathies, making us certainly happier, and it is to be hoped better, by the taking in of so much that is exhilarating, healthy, and true. Evidence is frequent of pity for the sufferings of the poor and the oppressed. In many a scene Leech becomes a warm sympathizer with unmerited distress; and constantly his honest heart is stirred into indignation at some instance of injustice; then we find that the pencil which can deal so gently with childhood and woman can also, in indelible lines, stigmatize the stony-hearted oppressor.
Underlying the refined and delicate humour that distinguishes the greater part of Leech"s work we frequently find some more or less serious social grievance smartly satirized. In "Servant-Gal-ism," for example, the airs and graces, the impudent a.s.sumption, and the dishonesty even, which sometimes disgrace those otherwise worthy people, are shown to us in drawings so humorous as to make us laugh heartily, but at the same time we feel the full force of the satire intended. In the encounters between servant-girls and their mistresses the ladies sometimes get the worst of it; notably in a drawing that represents a mistress and her maid in conflict respecting the dressing of their hair.
The old lady has tortured her few remaining locks into miserable little ringlets, that make a shocking contrast to the long curls of her young and pretty servant; and no sooner does she catch sight of the girl"s ringlets, than she angrily tells her she will not permit such bare-faced imitation of the way she chooses to wear her hair. Here I am afraid we cannot help feeling a certain amount of contempt for the blind vanity and tyranny of the mistress, while we sympathize with the maid.
Footmen afford a wide field for the good-humoured banter of Leech.
Amongst the many striking proofs of the genius that distinguished him, is one that to me, as an artist, is astonishing. I allude to the individual character with which Leech invests each of his servant-girls and footmen, as well as every type that comes under his hand. I have not counted the number of servants of "all sorts and sizes" that appear in "Pictures of Life and Character," but I am quite sure that a comparison of one with another will prove that not one can be found in the slightest degree to resemble another; each is an individual by himself or herself, separate and distinct--a footman from top to toe; take away his uniform, and, from some peculiarity of manner or action, he is unmistakably a footman still. The same may be said of the maid-servants, in whom Leech"s wonderful power of individualizing is shown even more palpably; for the cook is a cook, and perfectly distinct from the scullery-maid and the charwoman; and no two cooks or kitchen-maids resemble each other personally, but only in their offices.
The same may be truly said of numberless types immortalized by Leech; but, strange to say, it cannot be said of the _young_ ladies: they almost all have a family likeness to one another--a resemblance that can be traced to Mrs. Leech. This fault, for it is a fault, and a grave one, is as strange to me as the infinite variety shown in his representation of all sorts and conditions of men and women is astounding. In marking this I point to the only shortcoming in all Leech"s work, and though, as I think (I may be wrong), he has this fault in his treatment of young ladies, it is absent in his drawings of elderly or old ones; the aristocratic or plebeian old women are as well marked in personal contrast with each other as the rest of his delightful creations.
The rest of his creations! What a dazzling, bewildering ma.s.s of humanity crowds upon the mind when one attempts to point out special scenes for examination and criticism! If I were to say a t.i.the of what I feel about hundreds of Leech"s drawings, I should greatly exceed the s.p.a.ce permitted to me in this book, and I should also show how inferior my powers of a.n.a.lysis are to those of d.i.c.kens and Thackeray, and others whose delightful appreciation of beauty, humour and character are so eloquently set forth elsewhere in this memoir; and perhaps I may add that I have sufficient respect for the intelligence of my readers to convince me that they require no directions from me as to when they should laugh and when look grave, or where to discover the point of a joke that is palpable to the "meanest capacity."
With Leech"s work in an artistic sense I have more to do. Considering the limited means employed, the results produced are very wonderful.
Nothing is left to desire in character or expression; the story is perfectly told in every drawing; and it can be read without reference to the few lines beneath, which in the wording of them appear to me as perfect as the cuts themselves. The composition of groups and figures, which looks so simple and natural, is the result of consummate art. The drawing, notably of figures and animals in action, is always correct.
Chiaroscuro is too comprehensive a word to apply to the light and shadow of Leech"s drawings; but in what we call "black and white," or, in other words, in the distribution of the ma.s.ses of dark, and what I may term semi-dark, and light, they are always skilfully effective.
I have been told that Leech"s work, in the opinion of a high authority in matters of art, resembles, and successfully rivals, the silver-point drawings of the old masters. I have seen many examples of those beautiful drawings, but I have never seen one that bore the faintest resemblance to the way in which Leech "lays his lines." The same judge tells us that Leech"s work betrays an ignorance of the principles of effect--in other words, a neglect of the laws that should guide an artist in the selection of his scheme of light and shadow. An intelligent glance at any of Leech"s drawings will show the fallibility of that judgment.
CHAPTER XXIII.
LEECH EXHIBITION.
About the year 1860--or thereabouts--there was exhibited in London a huge picture of Nero contemplating the ruins of Rome, by a German artist named Piloti. On seeing the picture I was much struck by a certain somewhat coa.r.s.e vigour in the work, which a.s.serted itself in spite of crude and harsh colouring; the princ.i.p.al figure--as often happens--was disappointing and theatrical. Nero stood in a melodramatic posture, with his arms folded, enjoying the destruction of the city. Leech, accompanied by his friend, the late Sir Edgar Boehm, R.A. (the eminent sculptor who made an admirable statuette of Leech), saw the picture, and after a long study of it he turned to Boehm and said: "I would rather have been the painter of that picture than the producer of all the things I have ever perpetrated!" Leech"s friend received this avowal with incredulous laughter, and, pointing out some of the glaring faults of the Nero, endeavoured to convince his companion that one of his drawings was worth acres of such work as Piloti"s; in which I, for one, entirely agree with him.
The hankering after oil-colours which always possessed Leech was destined to be gratified; for soon after this--in 1862--he came before the public as the painter of a series of "sketches in oil," being reproductions of his own drawings in _Punch_. These--almost virgin--attempts were exhibited at the Egyptian Hall, where they were visited by thousands of admiring spectators, who left several thousand pounds behind them. Everyone knows what a few inches of s.p.a.ce are taken up by one of Leech"s drawings as it appears in "Pictures of Life and Character." A sketch of such small dimensions would have been ineffective in colours, and it was owing to an invention by which the originals were enlarged, that the artist was enabled to offer to the public copies of drawings four or five inches square, increased in some instances to three feet by two.
""The idea originated," says Dr. Brown, "with Mr. Mark Lemon, Leech"s friend and colleague, who saw that by a new invention--a beautiful piece of machinery--the impression of a block in _Punch_ being first taken on a sheet of indiarubber, was enlarged; when by a lithographic process the copy thus got could be transferred to the stone and impressions printed upon a large sheet of canvas. Having thus obtained an outline groundwork, consisting of his own lines enlarged to some eight times the area of the original block, Leech proceeded to colour these. His knowledge of the manipulation of oil-colours was very slight, and it was under the guidance of his friend Millais that his first attempts were made, and crude enough they were. He used a kind of transparent colour, which allowed the coa.r.s.e lines of the enlargement to show through, so that the production presented the appearance of indifferent lithographs slightly tinted. In a short time he obtained great mastery over oil-colour, and instead of allowing the thick, fatty lines of printer"s ink to remain on the canvas, he, by the use of turpentine, removed the ink, particularly with regard to the lines of the faces and figures.
These he redrew with his own hand in a fine and delicate manner. To this he added a delicacy of finish, particularly in flesh-colour, which greatly enhanced the value and beauty of his later works."
The catalogue to the sketches in oil is prefaced by a few modest words by the artist, who concludes some remarks upon their production thus:
"These sketches have no claim to be regarded, or tested, as finished pictures. It is impossible for anyone to know the fact better than I do.
They have no pretensions to a higher name than the name I give them, "Sketches in Oil.""
The exhibition consisted of sixty-seven works, and the room containing them was filled all day long by a laughing crowd. Leech shrank from crowds at all times, and an a.s.sembly drawn together by his own works would have special terrors for him. After the opening of the gallery he was never known to visit it, mainly from his innate modesty, but also from his dread of being "caught and talked at by enthusiastic people."