The provincial aspirant is less fortunately placed, though if she resides in a large town with a good public library, she may manage tolerably well.
It is the woman sepulchred in a small village who finds herself most severely handicapped. Still, I know instances of women so situated who have gained the position of regular contributors to journals of dignity.
Their success has been usually due to specialising on some single topic or group of topics, such as "nature notes," "household affairs," "country occupations," "parochial management," "home handiwork," "village sketches," and so on. There is copy even in a village. A woman afflicted with journalistic ambitions once wrote to an editor complaining that she was out of the world, actually two miles from a shop. "Then write an article," the editor replied, "ent.i.tled "Two miles from a shop."" She did so; it was accepted and followed by others of a similar kind.
Chapter VIII
The Art of Corresponding with an Editor
Women contributors are commonly much too fond of corresponding with editors. When the aspirant dispatches the first article, it is quite customary for her to send it under cover of a long epistle (not unfrequently extending to eight pages) in which she gives her personal history in brief, and a short statement of her literary ambitions, including in particular her ambition to contribute to "your excellent paper which I have always admired"; often she adds that though not dependant (so she spells the word) upon her own efforts for a livelihood, she is nevertheless anxious to earn a little money; or it may be that she is in fact thrown upon her own resources, in which case she explains that she has turned to journalism as the readiest means of providing for herself. Sometimes she ventures to hope that the editor will judge her work leniently, since she is only a beginner. Sometimes, with affecting candour, she avows that she does not expect for a moment to be accepted.
Sometimes she requests that in case of refusal the editor will advise her where next to send the ma.n.u.script. Sometimes she begs for a frank criticism, and if the editor is foolish enough to justify his heartless refusal by such a criticism, she pesters the devoted fellow with another long letter of thanks, in which she timidly suggests that he may be able to a.s.sist her further, but hopes that he will not trouble to send any answer unless it is quite, quite convenient to him to do so. He doesn"t.
In her pre-occupation, she usually forgets either to write her name and address on the ma.n.u.script or to enclose stamps; occasionally she omits even to stamp her own letter.
Let this be your rule: Don"t write to an editor. He has an objection to both reading letters and answering them; he thinks he does enough when he peruses your ma.n.u.script. A good article requires no explanation; it should be its own commentary. Be content, therefore, simply to put your article in an envelope with another envelope, and dispatch it. The editor needs not to be told that it is sent for publication if suitable and for return if unsuitable. And he does not care a pin what are your ambitions and your circ.u.mstances; or whether this is your "very first" or your ten thousandth effort; whether you have written in the flush of health or on your dying couch; whether you are starving or beautifully rich. What are these facts to him? They do not in the least affect the value of the article. If it pleases him, he accepts; if not, he refuses. He is scarcely Adviser-in- Chief to the Literary Ladies of Great Britain, nor yet the Charity Organisation Society. He has no interest in you. What interests him is his circulation, his influence, his advertis.e.m.e.nt department.
The editorial notices of a few papers state that the t.i.tle and scope of an article must be submitted before the article itself. This is absurd, and in most cases you are safe in ignoring the regulation. An article cannot be judged by its t.i.tle and a _resume_ of it, and there is no doubt that editors who enforce such a rule often decline to see articles which would have suited them.
If for any special reason a letter should be essential, make it brief, explicit, and formal; spend as much care over the letter as you have given to the article which it is to cover. See that it contains no superfluous words, and see that it is correctly spelt; some letters aren"t.
When a series of articles is in contemplation or a novel departure to be suggested, it sometimes happens that a rather elaborate explanation is necessary. Do not send such an explanation in writing until you have demonstrated the impossibility of seeing the editor in person.
Now editors do not like being seen, and certainly they do not like being seen by the casual contributor. Despite the fact that this persevering person is indispensable to them and often their best friend, they fall into the habit of regarding the casual contributor as their natural enemy, against whom warfare is to be waged. It is ridiculous, but it is true. So be it. Accept the situation, and fight for yourself, taking your advantage where you can, and casting away scruples of punctilio. By actually seeing an editor you gain a double advantage. For in the first place it is much more difficult for him to refuse _viva voce_ (especially to a woman [Footnote: I by no means suggest that a woman should exploit her femininity in order to gain points against a man.]) than by letter, and in the second place a personal explanation of a scheme is likely to be much more effective than a written one. Therefore resolve to see your editor face to face.
That editors are invisible is taken for granted only by the inexperienced.
Without doubt editors love to surround themselves with an atmosphere of mystery, aloofness, and sovereignty, but in truth they are human beings, and may be so treated. The invisibility of editors is mainly a legend. If you call at a newspaper office and, presenting your card, ask in a firm voice to see the editor, the probability is that you will see him, or some one else clothed with authority. You may be requested to state the nature of your business, in which case you will make the nature of your business as vague and enticing as possible. Possibly the editor, if he is timid, will invent the story that he is engaged; possibly he may really be engaged; in either case you will ask for an appointment, or wait; a personal interview is worth waiting for. If you are refused an appointment and also told that to wait would be useless, say that you will call to-morrow or the next day in the hope of the editor being then disengaged.
In any event, be pertinacious; and do not fear to worry the man. By pertinacity you will eventually see him.
Having at last got sight of your editor, treat him considerately. Since you have conquered you can afford to show mercy. Explain yourself tersely, and let your visit be brief. Strive to impress by your directness and business-like thought and action.
Chapter IX
Notes on the Leading Types of Papers
In a previous chapter I have emphasised the urgency of examining with care and regularity all the princ.i.p.al papers. Nothing is more important to the outside contributor than a thorough comprehension of their various policies and their essential differences. Many beginners, with a quite creditable literary technique, render all effort futile by omitting to study what I may call the _characters_ of the publications to which they offer MSS. They know papers (except the one or two which they happen to read for pleasure) merely by name. They may by chance have some dim notion, gathered from hearsay, of the aim and spirit of this paper or that--but accurate, direct information concerning these things, they possess none. Having written an article, they send it to the first paper whose name enters their heads, without giving a single thought to the question of suitability. By such beginners the _Standard_, the _Sun_, and the _Morning Advertiser_ are recognised merely as so many dailies, the _Sat.u.r.day Review_, _t.i.t-Bits_, and the _Bazaar_ merely as so many weeklies, and the _Strand_, _Macmillan"s Magazine_, and the _Fortnightly_ merely as so many monthlies; and no doubt when their stuff has been refused by the _Standard_, they blithely forward it to the _Sun_, and so on.
Since the early failures of every aspirant are without doubt largely due to the neglect of this branch of journalistic learning, let me once more lay stress on the fact that every paper differs from every other paper in its needs--in what it demands from the outside contributor. Each paper has its own public, its own policy, its own tone, its own physiognomy, its own preferences, its own prejudices. These must be studied--as one would study a subject like zoology. And as in zoology, to acquire a useful knowledge, it is necessary to cla.s.sify. The press divides itself naturally into a few distinctive groups, an acquaintance with whose characteristics will form the best, indeed the only, foundation for that wide, detailed erudition ultimately to be obtained through years of experience and observation. Of these groups I will briefly mention the most important.
Perhaps of all the different kinds of papers, that most useful to the beginner is the "popular weekly" cla.s.s, chiefly represented by _t.i.t-Bits, Answers, Pearson"s Weekly, Ca.s.sell"s Sat.u.r.day Journal_, and _Success_.
These papers pay liberally and promptly (one or two of them before publication), and they do not exact from the contributor a high literary standard. Their matter falls into two main divisions: articles beginning with "How"--broadly, "How the other half lives;" and articles enumerating curious facts and incidents--for example, "Peers who have become Cabmen."
If you can evolve novel and striking subjects, and have the patience to collect such information as may be necessary to work the subjects out, you may fairly rely upon gaining entrance sooner or later to the columns of these papers, however elementary your technique. Here is also a busy market for short melodramatic stories--stories for which "action" and a certain ingenuity of plot are the only essentials. Do not imagine that the editors of this sort of periodical are easily pleased. Although they care nothing for the graces of style, they know precisely what they want, and they insist on getting it.
Next to the popular penny weeklies as prey meet for the aspirant, I name the three "Gazettes," the _Pall Mall_, the _Westminster_, and the _St. James"s_. These--the first two especially--make a point of their hospitality to the outside contributor. They appeal of course to a cultured cla.s.s, and they are catholic in their tastes--ready for anything provided it is topical and well done. They pride themselves on being literary, and therefore good style is essential. In this particular, and also in their habits of returning rejected MSS. with promptness, and of paying regularly without demanding the delivery of an account, they differ from most of the penny morning papers. With them may be bracketed the _Globe_ and the _Evening Standard_, both celebrated in Grub Street for a regular daily un-editorial article, to which I have referred in Chapter VI. When you have contributed a "turnover" to the _Globe_, you may congratulate yourself. The _Evening Standard_ article has less pretensions.
Save as receptacles for short stories of a lurid inferior kind, the halfpenny evening papers have little interest for the outside contributor.
The _Echo_ is an exception, showing a fondness for short, quiet, topical articles of a rather serious nature.
Among morning papers, the most attractive to the outside contributor is the _Daily Mail_, one of the best-edited newspapers in the world. The _Daily Mail_ does not ask itself on receiving an unsolicited contribution: "Is it our custom to publish things of this kind"? No, it scorns precedent and is always anxious for novelty. It demands absolute freshness, a great deal of _verve_, and the strictest brevity. It makes a feature of very short interviews and articles on topics of the hour. On its seventh page, under the t.i.tle "The Daily Magazine," room is usually found for matter of a general nature--glorified _t.i.t-Bits_ confections. If the _Daily Mail_ has a weakness, it is for statistical articles of an international character, ill.u.s.trated by ingenious diagrams--articles in which Great Britain by hook or by crook is made to surpa.s.s and outvie every other country.
Another halfpenny morning paper, _The Morning_, has burst the fetters of precedent and usage, and willingly considers every suggestion of originality. Its methods are those of New York and frankly sensational.
The penny morning papers are difficult of access, relying chiefly on bands of regular contributors. The least hide-bound are the _Daily Chronicle_ and the _Daily News_. On Sat.u.r.day the former has a women"s page, for which it accepts outside contributions with some freedom. The _Daily News_ has a reputation for humorous articles dealing with the domesticities.
Of the ill.u.s.trated sixpenny weeklies, _Black and White_ and the _Sketch_ are usually ready to consider short stories, dialogues, interviews, and light articles, the _Sketch_ being the more exigent of the two. The _Ill.u.s.trated London News_ and the _Graphic_ depend for matter upon their own staffs and regular correspondents, and I believe that neither accepts any fiction from outsiders. To the politico- literary weeklies, _Sat.u.r.day Review_, _Speaker_, and _Spectator_, the aspirant need not turn her ambitious eye. They are fastidious; they demand advanced technique, and moreover they touch subjects with which women are not often conversant. Of the three, the _Speaker_ is the least exclusive.
With the vast hordes of religious papers (it is stated that several hundred are published in London alone) I shall make no attempt to deal.
But it may be well to say that many of them pay very badly and many of them do not pay at all. The best, speaking from a journalistic point of view, is the _British Weekly_, a Nonconformist journal which prints all sorts of things, and which is edited with brilliant skill; unfortunately it has the bad habit of not returning rejected articles.
As regards the comic weekly press, not much falls to be said. It may be separated into three divisions. First, _Punch_ (threepence), which for several decades has stood, and still stands, quite alone. It is usual to say that _Punch_ has of late years been steadily losing its reputation, but the truth of the statement seems at least doubtful; and however this may be, indubitably _Punch_ is yet the foremost comic weekly. Though it depends in the main upon a regular staff, its doors are not locked against the outside contributor. Second, _Judy_ (recently edited by a woman), _Fun_, _Moonshine_, and _Pick-Me-Up_ (one penny).
Like _Punch_, all these papers, except _Pick-Me-Up_, are noticeably conservative in their policies, and continue to move in the old grooves.
They do not, I imagine, offer much opportunity to the outside contributor.
_Pick-Me-Up_ devotes itself to the humour of the music-hall, and is probably not largely beholden to women for its sprightliness. Third, the halfpenny organs of wit, represented by _Comic Cuts_, and twenty other sorts of _Cuts_. If a woman considers herself destined for the comic press, her wisest course is to collaborate with an artist. A joke may be the best and most original joke in the world, but it will not have a very safe chance of acceptance unless it is ill.u.s.trated. The ill.u.s.tration _per se_ may be without talent; no matter; mediocre pictures have certainly been instrumental in selling innumerable jokes.
And as with jokes, so with "skits," satires, and parodies: the writer must combine with the artist if success is to be reached.
Monthly magazines divide themselves into three cla.s.ses:--First, the purely popular,--_Strand, Ludgate, Pearson"s, Windsor, Woman at Home, Lady"s Realm,_ &c. Second, the high-cla.s.s general,--_Blackwoods"_, _Pall Mall_, _Macmillans" Cornhill_, _Longmans"_, &c. Third, the reviews,-- _Nineteenth Century_, _Contemporary_, _Fortnightly_, _National_, and _Westminster_. Of these three cla.s.ses, the aspirant is likely to succeed best with the second, since the first demands names of renown, and the third either expert knowledge, scholarship, or high technique.
I have left to the last the women"s papers, which are, in the natural order of things, written chiefly by women. It is of course to be expected that women-aspirants should turn first to women"s papers, of whose characteristics they should certainly make a special and minute study, but at the same time I must repeat the warning already given against the habit of dealing only with subjects interesting to or connected with the female s.e.x. Women"s papers are sharply divided into two cla.s.ses--those which appeal to women of education and breeding, and those which appeal to women of a lower social status. To the former group belong the _Queen_, the _Lady"s Pictorial_, the _Gentlewoman_ (sixpence), _Hearth and Home_ and the _Lady_ (threepence), and _Woman_ (one penny). To the latter belong _Home Chat_, _Home Notes_, and their countless imitators.
The beginner must bear in mind the essential differences between these two groups, which, in catering for quite different tastes, necessarily follow widely divergent policies. Both groups pay reasonably well, and it may be said that all women"s papers of any reputation whatever give a considerate ear to the outside contributor. The sixpennies, having what amounts to unlimited room, offer to the aspirant a s.p.a.cious and delightful field.
Chapter X
"Woman"s Sphere" in Journalism
There are certain departments of journalism which women have always had, and probably will always have, to themselves: I mean the departments comprising fashion, cookery and domestic economy, furniture, the toilet, and (less exclusively) weddings and what is called society news. It is unlikely that men will ever seriously compete with women in the business of supplying the stuff which women as a s.e.x are supposed to read. My own belief is that men could deal very capably with these subjects, or most of them, if they chose to a.s.sume the task; but there happens to be a superst.i.tion that such matters are beyond a man"s scope; men accept the superst.i.tion, and leave them alone. Hence the distinctive "woman"s sphere"
in journalism.
Now almost all the work falling within this sphere is done badly--with a lack of technical skill which can only be described as shameful. I have argued (in Chapter II.) that the defect is attributable to the early training which women receive. A further explanation lies in the fact that, in their particular field, they are never stimulated to improvement by the sight of better performances than their own; the result, viewed dispa.s.sionately, is deplorable.
In the first place, nearly all women"s work dealing with feminine subjects is in a special degree disfigured by slipshod writing. This is particularly true of fashion articles, which are on the whole worse written even than police reports in country newspapers. Of the scores of fashion articles appearing week by week in journals of standing, not five per cent. would pa.s.s muster as the work of men. I take up, for an example, one of the "great London dailies," containing a short signed contribution by a journalist whose fame as a chronicler of modes is unrivalled, a lady who earns the wage of a Cabinet Minister, and has indeed arrived at the highest places in her profession; and I find in the article the following --shall I call them?--lapses from the rect.i.tude of sound writing.