As it turned out, what got dumped in the landfill was not always clean-acetone, hospital waste, veterinary remains, chemical drums and, by some accounts, Freon and asbestos.
The perils should have been obvious. Munisport sits next to Florida International University and the Oleta River State Recreation Area. Heavy rains could leach toxins from the landfill into public waters-and that"s exactly what happened.
Dumping continued day and night, and hills of waste rose majestically. Years pa.s.sed, but not a single verdant fairway materialized.
In March 1976, Munisport and the city of North Miami received an after-the-fact permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to fill 291 acres for a "recreational" facility. Mangroves were to be destroyed. Garbage was to be piled in 103 acres of wetlands.
Lots of people in North Dade got upset. So did the Environmental Protection Agency, and in 1981 it vetoed the Corps permit.
Later Munisport was found to be so contaminated that it was placed on the EPA Superfund cleanup list, and that"s where the battle has simmered for years.
The city of North Miami-whose negligence and bungling created the fiasco-has insisted the landfill really isn"t so bad. A high-powered Washington law firm was hired to lobby congressmen into pressuring the EPA to lay off.
North Miami said the state was perfectly capable of cleaning the dump without federal supervision. City officials wanted Munisport "de-listed" from the Superfund so it could be sold and developed. Yes, developed.
At City Hall there was talk that Hyatt was interested in building a high-rise hotel on the Munisport site (probably as soon as they finished the Hyatt Chern.o.byl).
Meanwhile the EPA was reporting that the lakes on the dump site showed excessive levels of cyanide and ammonia. The mangroves were tainted with lead and silver. The fish had a.r.s.enic and PCBs in levels that posed a cancer risk to human beings. Aquatic life in north Biscayne Bay was threatened by the contaminated runoff.
North Miami"s answer to this nauseating litany was to threaten to sue EPA.
On March 18, EPA finally recommended a plan to remove the ammonia from the wetlands at Munisport. Some environmentalists say the proposal is inadequate because it leaves the state with the most crucial task-cleaning up the landfill itself.
Before that can happen, somebody will have to get a hose and put out the fire.
Everyone agrees that Munisport should be cleaned up immediately. The questions are: Who pays for it-and who decides when it"s really safe.
Maybe some day it will be a golf course, just like they promised 20 years ago. They can always sell gas masks in the pro shop.
Key plan shows just how low developers go February 13, 1991 The battle to save Soldier Key isn"t finished.
Faced with a rejection by the National Park Service, developers seeking to convert the tiny islet into a pseudo-tropical tourist trap are appealing their case to Washington.
The group includes the folks at Blockbuster Entertainment, who have attached the company"s name, logo and slogan ("Wow! What a Difference") to this abominable scheme for exploiting the island.
Though privately held, Soldier Key is located in the protected waters of Biscayne National Park, a few miles south of Cape Florida. The government has tried to purchase the island before, but the owners have always held out for more money. Last year they turned down Uncle Sam"s offer of $135,000 and instead sold the option to a Fort Lauderdale-based tour operator, Florida Princess Cruise Line. Initially, the project called for sh.o.r.e-to-sh.o.r.e cabanas, ersatz beaches and a gift shop to sell the sort of tasteful merchandise that heatstroked, booze-addled tourists seem to favor. In the face of a decidedly unenthusiastic response, the developers slightly scaled down their plans for a Soldier Key resort, though it would still be a blight on the bay.
Forget pelicans, porpoises and sea breeze; think c.o.c.ktail bars, steel drums and limbo madness.
Park superintendent James Sanders has officially notified the promoter that he opposes the day-cruise project for several reasons. A rare sea turtle, the hawksbill, successfully nested on Soldier Key last year for the first time since 1981 .The presence of five hundred carousing beachcombers might discourage future visits from the shy, endangered animals.
Beyond the turtle problem is the impact of cruise parties upon the whole park, one of the most ecologically sensitive marine preserves in the country. Soldier Key is the first link in a delicate necklace of small islands that the National Park Service has been acquiring for preservation. Tom Brown, the park system"s a.s.sociate regional director for planning, says that Soldier Key should be "maintained in its natural condition."
Which doesn"t include the concrete swimming pool now planned for construction. Opponents, including Everglades Earth First!, plan a protest regatta to the island Feb. 23.
Recently the government substantially hiked its cash offer for Soldier Key, but the option holders didn"t accept. Through congressional channels, they are quietly trying to persuade high officials in Washington, including Secretary of Interior Manuel Lujan, to overrule the park service and allow the island to be developed.
Such a reversal would be unusual, but not unprecedented. Blockbuster Entertainment chairman Wayne Huizenga is a wealthy Republican campaign contributor whose phone calls would probably be swiftly returned, were he to express a personal interest in getting the Soldier Key project approved.
Three and one-half acres isn"t much to work with, but promoter Robert F. Lambert hopes to make the most of it. An optimistic brochure for Blockbuster Cruises invites travelers to "our private island in the Bay" for a day of sailing, sunning, swimming, snorkeling and "live calypso music."
Finally! Something to drown out the cries of those pesky seagulls.
The nighttime excursion sounds even more enchanting. I quote from the brochure: "Sailing south through the Biscayne Bay, witness a beautiful sunset as the moon rises over Miami."
That will be a neat trick, getting the moon to come up in the west. We can hardly wait. But there"s even more tropical excitement after our ship drops anchor off Soldier Key: "Ash.o.r.e, guests will be treated to a sumptuous Island luau under the skies and a live native review. Dance to the sounds of our steel drums or see "how low you can go" in our limbo contest."
How low, indeed. Take a perfectly lovely island and turn it into the Tiki Bar from h.e.l.l.
All things considered, we"d rather stay home and rent a movie.
Pipeline crisis could turn Bay into cesspool June 13, 1993 Think what would happen if your toilet somehow started flushing into your swimming pool. Bubble, bubble, bubble-until the pool was up to the brim: 15,000 gallons of you-know-what.
Now picture 6,000 swimming pools full of the rancid stuff, and imagine that much-90 million gallons-pouring into Biscayne Bay every single day.
That"s what will happen if the old sewer pipe running underwater from mainland Miami to Virginia Key breaks. The bay will turn from blue to brown, and we"re not talking pastels.
Fearing a Chern.o.byl-under-the-palms, the Environmental Protection Agency has sued to force Dade to rebuild its disintegrating sewers as soon as possible. Local and state agencies belatedly began brainstorming the crisis a few months ago, but the feds aren"t waiting. The situation is that dire.
Two good things might come from the lawsuit. First, a new cross-bay pipeline could be built in time to avoid the catastrophe that would result from the old pipe fracturing.
Second, prosecutors could block most new construction while the sewer system is being rebuilt. Theoretically, more hookups wouldn"t be permitted until more capacity is added. At least for a while, growth in Dade might slow to a healthier trickle.
A few no-growth years is the best thing that could happen here. Breathing room is what people need, especially the thousands still struggling to rebuild after Andrew.
Reckless, runaway expansion is what caused the system to fail in the first place. Faithful to the developers who bankroll their campaigns, past county commissioners approved one subdivision after another-tens of thousands of new toilets-even as sewers began to burst, literally.
Thanks to a few corrupted b.u.ms, we"re now facing a septic eruption that will do for Miami"s tourism what Exxon did for bird watching in Alaska.
Disaster could strike any time. The 72-inch pipe across Biscayne Bay is aged and perilously overloaded. Hydrogen sulfide gas (an aromatic product of human waste) is aggressively eating the metal from the inside out.
Much of Dade"s waste is treated at Virginia Key so it travels silent and deadly across the bay. In 1992, the grand jury said the Biscayne sewer line was "a time bomb."
For years, the county environmental office has badgered the Water and Sewer Department to start work on a larger pipeline. And, for years, the Water and Sewer people have pondered and hypothesized and written reports on the problem.
Meanwhile, the building frenzy continued. The sewers got more full, and the pipes got more fragile. The most recent failure occurred at Easter, tainting the water from the Julia Tuttle Causeway to the Rickenbacker. And that was a relatively piddling leak, only 20 million gallons.
When the mother lode ruptures, forget about diving, sailing or swimming. Forget about the fish and the manatees. Biscayne Bay will look, and smell, like an immense tropical cesspool.
Fact: Fecal contamination is very bad for tourism. Fact: A moratorium on sewer hookups will be costly to powerful builders.
For one or both of those reasons, a new sewer line will be built across the bay. Pray that the old one holds out until the new one is finished. In the meantime, enjoy the lull.
Because when the new pipe is done, developers will stampede the county seeking thousands and thousands of new sewer hookups. And the commissioners will say...yes, yes, yes!
Same old story. Same old you-know-what.
"Revitalization" a threat to Virginia Key April 3, 1997 The cash-starved city of Miami is again trying to deliver Virginia Key to favored developers and concessionaires.
Under the pretense of "revitalization," nine parcels currently marked for conservation are proposed for rezoning. The result could be hotels, marinas, shops and even houses.
Planners insist the zoning changes are technical corrections that won"t affect the character of the island, but there"s no reason for optimism. The stewardship of Virginia Key has been one of bungling, neglect and political favoritism.
Practically everything the city touched has turned to failure. The Marine Stadium has been a wreck since Hurricane Andrew. The beach and park on the Atlantic side-refurbished a few years ago at great expense-is now closed, supposedly because of the budget crisis.
It"s as if Miami purposely abandoned Virginia Key and let it crumble, in order to stir support for development.
Mayor Joe Carollo has grandiose dreams for reviving the bayfront lagoon area by the Marine Stadium: hotels, restaurants, shops and a Jet Ski extravaganza that would bring needed lease revenues to City Hall.
At least, that"s the pitch. In reality, the "technical" rezoning opens the door for transforming the island into another Dinner Key-an aesthetic calamity, and a grab bag for political cronies of commissioners.
For years the city has been aching to carve Virginia Key into a resort. The chief obstacles have been public opposition, and a large, odoriferous sewer plant.
In 1995 commissioners endorsed a preposterous proposal to put an RV park on 153 acres. The "ecologically sensitive" project included 300 motel units, a convenience store and miniature golf.
Voters, who weren"t fooled by the city"s tree-hugging hype, killed the plan.
This time around, commissioners don"t want the public mucking up their big ideas for Virginia Key. Conveniently, rezoning can be accomplished without referendum.
Miami planning chief Jack Luft says there"s no reason to worry. The changes, he says, actually will help preserve the island"s unspoiled stretches.
Removing the "conservation" designation seems an odd way to protect land, but the city does many odd things at Virginia Key.
Twenty years ago the city leased out prime bayfront to the private Miami Rowing Club. Price: a whopping $100 annually.
Eventually the rowers built an 11,000-square-foot clubhouse, a swimming pool, a banquet hall and bar. In 1987 it was revealed that the club was renting out the facilities, and in one year had collected $147,000.
Guess how much the city got. And when the rowers needed storage s.p.a.ce, commissioners generously let them fence off 10,000 square feet of land.
At the time, beet-faced officials denied any connection to the fact that then-City Manager Cesar Odio was a former president and life member of the rowing club.
Another funny coincidence: According to members, security services at the club once were provided by a firm owned by a young city commissioner named Carollo. Small world, isn"t it?
Ironically, Miami wouldn"t be broke today if it hadn"t mismanaged city holdings and given away so many costly favors; if it had collected reasonable rents and leases (not to mention a few debts).
It would be good if the ghost-town lagoon area could be "revitalized" without ruining the rest of Virginia Key, but promises of preservation seem far-fetched. The city can"t take care of a beach, much less an entire island.
Rezoning is just the first step toward another giveaway and you don"t need to be downwind from the sewer plant to smell the truth.
Explanation for road widening quite a stretch June 15, 1997 By a slim vote, the South Florida Water Management District last week launched one of the nuttiest schemes in its long nutty history: Widening the 18 miles between the mainland and the Florida Keys from two lanes to three, with a fourth phantom lane to be prepared but left unpaved.
The new paved lane will be northbound, ostensibly to improve hurricane evacuation. The unpaved Mystery Lane will run southbound, and n.o.body in authority has convincingly explained its purpose.
Why sc.r.a.pe an extra swath along sensitive marshlands if it"s not meant to be paved? Because it is meant to be paved, as soon as local opposition dies down.
Widening the so-called Stretch isn"t about hurricane egress or driver safety, it"s about cramming more warm bodies into the Keys. It"s about selling more rum runners, T-shirts and time shares.
And, most significantly, it"s about boosting road capacity to allow a wave of new construction along the islands.
Those most eager for the project are commercial interests and land speculators in the Middle and Lower Keys. The people most adamantly against it are those who live in the Upper Keys and, ironically, drive the hairy Stretch more than anyone.
Originally, the plan called for widening the entire 18-mile leg, which is now two-laned with intermittent pa.s.sing zones. Opposition to four-laning was so fierce that planners devised a bizarre alternative-two lanes north, one lane south, and the unpaved "footprint" of another southbounder.
In case of what? Unless you"re traveling to the Keys by horseback or by wagon train, an unpaved lane is of little use.
n.o.body down here was fooled by the phony "compromise." Opponents remained vocal, but the county pushed ahead.
A state hearing officer eventually approved the project. Incredibly, he ruled that expanding the main corridor into the Keys would have no secondary effects; not on the environment, not on growth, not on the quality of life.
Just as Alligator Alley hasn"t had an impact on traffic and crime in Naples and Fort Myers. Just as the Sawgra.s.s Expressway hasn"t disastrously urbanized northwest Broward. Much.
Safety is a bogus issue. Widening a fast highway always draws more cars, and more cars mean more serious accidents.
Supporters of a new Stretch also invoke images of hurricane stampedes as a reason to widen the road-a groundless argument meant to mask the true agenda: to bring in more people.
The Mystery Lane is no mystery at all. Paving it at a near-future date will be easy, because the water management board will say yes. A slave to politics, the board virtually always says yes.
For folks who live in already-crowded Key Largo, and who don"t especially want the Turnpike in their front yard, the last hope lies with two men-Col. Terry Rice of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and former U.S. Attorney Dexter Lehtinen.
Lehtinen, a longtime advocate for the Everglades, plans to appeal the state"s decision, on behalf of Keys conservation groups. He"ll argue that four-laning the Stretch will imperil the water and wildlife of the islands.
In the meantime, construction cannot begin without a green light from the Army Corps. Rice, the agency"s chief troubleshooter on Everglades restoration, has serious concerns about the far-reaching effects of expanding the entry to the Keys.
Rice is also curious about why the state agreed to the weird idea of a phantom southbound lane. "Why should we fill wetlands," he asked, "to make a lane they say they aren"t going to pave?"
Sounds like a ploy to run a big-city freeway straight into Key Largo, but maybe it"s not. Maybe it"s just the world"s most expensive jogging path.
The Everglades and Big Sugar
Tainted ba.s.s a warning for all of us March 10, 1989 What a winter for the Everglades. First the sawgra.s.s catches fire, and now the fish are contaminated.
Health agencies have warned anglers not to eat any largemouth ba.s.s or warmouth caught in Conservation Areas 2 and 3. They"ve also suggested reduced consumption of ba.s.s pulled out of the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge.
The reason: Samples of these fish show high and potentially harmful levels of mercury.
Such a warning is unprecedented for any freshwater species in Florida. When ba.s.s (the state fish) are in jeopardy, it"s a startling signal that something very bad is happening out in the black muck of the Glades.
The story goes way beyond the culinary concerns of weekend fishermen. What"s happening-invisibly, bewilderingly-is the poisoning of the source of our water and of the food chain that it supports. Animals that ingest mercury don"t necessarily die, but they sometimes stop reproducing.