But it does not. The next bullet explodes his skull.
The diameter of the entry wound from the second impact is just slightly wider than that of a number two pencil. The high rate of speed ensures that the sh.e.l.l will travel all the way through the brain and out the front of the skull, rather than lodging inside like the slower bullet that killed Abraham Lincoln. When Lincoln was shot, physicians inserted something called a Nelaton probe into his brain. This slender porcelain stick followed the path of the wound until the tip struck the solid metal ball fired from John Wilkes Booth"s pistol. The path of the bullet was all very linear and neat.
But the 6.5-millimeter round fired by Lee Harvey Oswald is a far more vicious chunk of lead. Such a slender bullet might seem insignificant, but it is capable of bringing down a deer from two hundred yards.
This copper-jacketed missile effectively ends John F. Kennedy"s life in an instant. It barely slows as it slices through the tender gray brain matter before exploding the thin wall of bone as it exits the front of his skull.
Jackie"s arms are still wrapped around her husband when the front of his head explodes. Brains, blood, and bone fragments shower the First Lady"s face and that pink Chanel suit; the matter sprays as far forward as the limousine"s windshield visors.
As is so often his habit when something messes up his hair, John Kennedy"s hand reflexively tries to pat the top of his head.
But now the top of his head is gone.
There is no chance for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, as was attempted when Lincoln lay dying on the floor of his Ford"s Theatre box. There will be no overnight vigil, as with Lincoln, so that friends and loved ones can stand over JFK in his final moments, slowly absorbing the pain of impending loss, and perhaps speaking a few honest words about how much they love John Fitzgerald Kennedy.
The man who swam miles to save the men of PT-109, who has shaken the hands of kings and queens and prime ministers, who inspired the entire world with his bold speeches and deeply held belief in the power of democracy and freedom, who caressed the cheeks of his children, endured the loss of so many family loved ones, and who stood toe-to-toe with men who might otherwise destroy the world, is brain dead.
Little do the horrified onlookers know, but historians and conspiracy theorists, as well as average citizens born years after this day, will long argue whether Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone or perhaps had the help of others. Federal authorities will scrutinize ballistics and use a stopwatch to time how quickly a man can aim and reload a 6.5-millimeter Mannlicher-Carcano. A variety of people will become self-described experts on grainy home videos of the a.s.sa.s.sination, gra.s.sy knolls, and the many evildoers who longed to see John F. Kennedy physically removed from power.
Those conspiratorial arguments will become so powerful and so involved that they will one day threaten to overwhelm the human tragedy of November 22, 1963.
So let the record state, once and for all, that at 12:30 P.M. on a sunny Friday afternoon in Dallas, Texas, John Fitzgerald Kennedy is shot dead in less time than it takes to blink an eye.
He leaves behind a beautiful widow.
He leaves behind two adoring young children.
He leaves behind a nation that loves him.
NOVEMBER 22, 1963.
DALLAS, TEXAS.
12:31 P.M.
Inside the presidential limousine, there is chaos.
"Oh, no, no, no. Oh, my G.o.d. They have shot my husband. I love you, Jack," Jackie Kennedy cries.
The First Lady will not remember what she does in the seconds after her husband is shot. She is in shock. In the future, she will watch videos of herself and feel as if she is watching some other woman. Her children will protect her by tearing the a.s.sa.s.sination images out of books before she can see them.
"They"ve killed my husband," Jackie says to no one and everyone. Up front, driver Bill Greer and Special Agent Roy Kellerman are radioing that the president has been hit. Governor Connally is still conscious, but fading fast. His wife, Nellie, has thrown her body over his. This leaves Jackie alone in the backseat, the president"s lifeless body leaning against hers.
"I have his brains in my hand," she yells.
And then Jackie is up and out of the seat. She"s on a mission.
Secret Service special agent Clint Hill knows precisely what the First Lady is doing. Rather than sitting with her husband"s body, she is crawling onto the trunk of the moving presidential limousine in order to collect pieces of skull and brain that cover the dark blue metal. Some fragments are flesh colored, with the skin still attached. Behind her, the president"s body is still upright, though tilted to the left. Blood pours out of his head wound in great torrents, drenching her roses and his clothing and spilling onto the floor of the vehicle.
"Good G.o.d, she"s going to fly off the back of the car," Hill thinks as he jumps onto the small platform attached to the back of the Lincoln. To Special Agent Hill, the shot that killed the president sounded like "a melon shattering onto cement." Splatter from the president"s head covers Hill"s face and clothes as he and the fatal bullet reached the kill zone simultaneously.
Terror fills the First Lady"s eyes. Her face is covered in blood and gray matter. This is a stark change for a woman so often consumed by appearing nothing less than elegant. But Jackie could not care less. "My G.o.d, they have shot his head off," she screams.
Hill is just inches away from Jackie Kennedy as Bill Greer accelerates toward Parkland Hospital. SS-100-X is a behemoth of a vehicle, specially modified for use by the president. In addition to those mid-vehicle jump seats-which stretch the car from the 133-inch wheelbase of a factory Lincoln to 156 inches-the car weighs almost four tons. The 350-horsepower engine is its weak link, making it unable to accelerate quickly. But once the vehicle is up to speed, it hurtles down the freeway like an unstoppable force.
Which is precisely what it"s doing now. Scattering the police motorcycle escort, Bill Greer is pressing the accelerator all the way to the floor. Clint Hill, struggling to keep Jackie Kennedy from falling off the vehicle, almost flies off the back b.u.mper himself. His hand clings to a grip on the trunk that has been placed there specifically for the Secret Service to hold on to. Now he grips for dear life with just that one hand, the other reaching for Jackie as the limo rockets down Elm Street. Hill grabs Jackie"s elbow, which allows him finally to get stabilized on the trunk of the presidential limousine.
Hill"s first job is to protect Jackie Kennedy. Even as he presses his body flat against the trunk and holds on tight, he shoves her hard back into the backseat. The president"s body falls over and onto her lap. She holds his head in her white-gloved hands, cradling him as if he has simply fallen asleep. "Jack, Jack. What have they done to you?"
Up front, driver Bill Greer is depending upon Chief Curry to lead the president"s limousine to Parkland Hospital, which is four miles away.
Still clinging to the trunk, Clint Hill turns and looks at Halfback, where Secret Service agents ride on the running boards. He makes eye contact with Special Agent Paul Landis, then shakes his head and holds out his hand in a thumbs-down signal.
Special Agent Emory Roberts sees Hill"s gesture and immediately radios to the agents protecting Lyndon Johnson. With one downturned thumb, Clint Hill has confirmed that Lyndon Baines Johnson is now the acting president of the United States. Protecting his life becomes the Secret Service"s number one priority.
In the backseat of the Lincoln, Jackie Kennedy holds her husband"s head and quietly sobs. "He"s dead. They"ve killed him. Oh Jack, oh Jack. I love you."
Lee Harvey Oswald is doing everything right. He"s walking east up Elm Street to catch a bus. The panic and chaos that now define Dealey Plaza recede behind him. No one has stopped Oswald. At this point, no one even suspects him.
Meanwhile, his escape plan is coming together slowly. For now, the a.s.sa.s.sin is on his way to his rooming house to pick up his pistol-just in case.
The radio call of "Code 3" means an emergency of the highest importance to Dallas-area hospitals. The term is almost never used. So when Parkland dispatcher Anne Ferguson requests more details, she is simply told, "The president has been shot."
The time is 12:33 P.M.
Three minutes later, the presidential limousine roars into Parkland, blowing past the sign reading "Emergency Cases Only." Bill Greer parks in the middle of the three ambulance bays.
But there is no stretcher waiting, no emergency team rushing to help the president. Incredibly, a breakdown in communications has stymied the hospital"s emergency response. The trauma team has barely been notified.
So those inside the presidential limo simply wait.
Nellie Connally lies atop her husband, even as a moaning Jackie Kennedy holds John Kennedy"s head.
Halfback pulls up, right behind SS-100-X. Dave Powers and Kenny O"Donnell, men who have been in the political trenches with JFK since the 1946 congressional campaign, rush to the Lincoln, hoping for the best. The president still has a faint pulse-which continues to push pint after pint of blood out through his head wound.
"Get up," Secret Service special agent Emory Roberts commands Jackie Kennedy.