Ingersoll"s Lecture on Talmagian Theology (Third lecture)
We must judge people somewhat by their creeds. Mr. Talmage is a Calvinist, and he therefore regards every human being who has been born only once as totally depraved. He thinks that G.o.d never made a single creature that didn"t deserve to be d.a.m.ned the minute He finished him.
So every one who opposes Mr. Talmage is infamous. The generosity of an agnostic is meanness, his honesty is larceny and his love is hate.
Talmage is a consistent follower of Calvin and Knox, and a consistent worshiper of the Jehovah of the ancient Jews. I oppose not him, but his creed, because it tends to crush out the natural tendencies in men to joyousness and goodness. There is something good in every human being, and there is something bad. There are no perfect saints and no totally bad persons. There is the seed of goodness in every human heart and the capacity for improvement in every human soul. Isn"t it possible for a man who acts like Christ to be saved, whatever be his belief? Cannot a soul be infinitely generous? And can any G.o.d d.a.m.n such a soul? If Mr. Talmage"s creed be true, nearly all the great and glorious men of the past are burning today. If it be true, the greatest man England has produced in 100 years is in h.e.l.l. The world is poorer since I spoke here last, for Darwin has pa.s.sed away. He was a true child of nature--one who knew more about his mother than any other child she had. Yet he was not a Calvinist. He did not get his inspiration from any book, but from every star in the heavens, from the insect in the sunbeam, from the flowers in the meadows, and from the everlasting rocks.
If the doctrine of the Calvinists is true, what right had any one to ask an unbeliever to fight for his country in the civil war? What right has a believer to buy an unbelieving subst.i.tute, when some day he will look over the edge of heaven, and pointing downward, would say to a friend, "that is my subst.i.tute blistering there"?
Mr. Talmage says that my mind is poisoned, and that the reason why all infidels" minds are poisoned is that they don"t believe the Jew bible.
Let us see whether it is worth believing. I deny that an infinitely merciful G.o.d would protect slavery or would uphold polygamy, which pollutes the sweetest words in language. I will not believe that G.o.d told men to exterminate their fellow-men, to plunge the sword into women"s b.r.e.a.s.t.s and into the hearts of tender babes. I am opposed to the Jew bible because it is bad. I don"t deny that there are many good pa.s.sages in it, nor that among all the thorns there are some roses. I admit that many Christians are doing all they can to idealize the frightful things in the old testament. It is the protest of human nature. Now, they tell me that this book is inspired. Let us see what inspired means. If it means anything, it is that the thoughts of G.o.d, through the instrumentality of men, const.i.tute this Jew bible, and that these thoughts were written. Now just suppose that some voice whispered in your ear, how would you know it was G.o.d"s? How did these gentlemen of old know it was G.o.d who was talking to them? If anyone now told you that G.o.d whispered in his ear, you wouldn"t believe him.
Why? Because you know him. Why are we asked to believe those ancient gentlemen? Because we don"t know them. Another reason, according to Mr. Talmage, why the Jew bible is inspired, is that prophecies in it have been fulfilled. How do we know that the prophecies were not fulfilled before they were written? They are so vague that you can"t tell what was prophesied. If you will read the Jew bible carefully, you will see that there was not a line, not a word, prophesying the coming of Christ. Catholics were right in saying that if the Jew bible was to be kept in awe it must be kept from the people. Protestants are wrong in letting the people read it.
Another argument of Mr. Talmage for the inspiration of the bible is that the Jews have been kept as a wandering, persecuted race to fulfill the prophecies of the old testament. I don"t believe an infinitely merciful G.o.d would persecute a race for thousands of years to use them as witnesses. Christian hate has not allowed the Jews to earn a [living?] or at least to practice a profession, and now, by a kind of poetic justice, the Jews control the money of the world. Emperors go to their bankers with hats in hand and beg them to discount their notes. This is because G.o.d has cursed the Jews. Only a little while ago Christians have robbed Hebrews, stripped them naked, turned them into the streets, and pointed to them as a fulfillment of divine prophecy. If you want to know the difference between some Jews and some Christians compare the address of Felix Adler with the sermon of the Rev. Dr. Talmage. Mr. Talmage thinks that the light of every burning Jewish home in Russia throws light upon the gospel. Every wound in a Jewish breast is to him a mouth to proclaim the divine inspiration of the bible. Every Jewish maiden violated is another fulfillment of G.o.d"s holy word. What do these horrid persecutions prove, except the barbarity of Christians? Next it is said that martyrs prove the truth of the bible. Mr. Talmage affirms that no man ever died cheerfully for a lie. Why, men have gone cheerfully to their death for believing that a wafer was G.o.d"s flesh. Thousands have died for their belief in Mohammed. Men have died because they believed in immersion. Either Mr. Talmage is a Catholic, a Mohammedan, a Baptist, or else he believes that these thousands died for lies. Every religion has had its martyrs, and every religion cannot be true. Then it is said that miracles prove the inspiration of the bible. But it is impossible by the human senses to establish a violation of nature"s laws. When the Hebrews threw down sticks before Pharaoh, and they became snakes, did he believe? No; because he was there. After the Jews had been lead through the desert and had been fed with bread rained from heaven, had been clothed in indestructible pantaloons, and had quenched their thirst with water that followed them over mountains and through sands; when they saw Jehovah wrapped in the smoke of Sinai they still had more faith in a calf that they could make than anything Jehovah could give them. It was so with the miracles of Christ. Not twenty people were converted by one of them. In fact, human testimony cannot substantiate a miracle. Take the miracle about the bears which ate the children who laughed at the bald-headed old prophet. What do you suppose Mr. Talmage would say that meant? Why, first, that children ought to respect preachers, and second, that G.o.d is kind to animals. Nearly every miracle in the old testament is wrought in the interest of slavery, polygamy, creed or l.u.s.t. I wish by denying them to rescue the reputation of Jehovah from the a.s.saults of the bible.
Who are the witnesses to the truth of the narratives of the Jews"
bible? Eusebius was one. He lived in the reign of Constantine, and said that the tracks of Pharaoh"s chariots could be seen--perfectly preserved in the sands of the Red sea. He was the man who forged the pa.s.sage in Josephus which speaks about the coming of Christ. Good witness, isn"t he. Another one was Polycarp. We don"t know much about him. He suffered martyrdom in the reign of Marcus Aurelius, and when the fire wouldn"t burn and he looked like gold through it, a heathen was so mad about it that he ran his sword through Polycarp. The blood gushed out and quenched the fire, while the martyr"s soul flew up to heaven in the form of a dove. And that"s all we know about Polycarp.
To know how much reliance should be placed upon the judgment of such trustworthy witnesses, we should look at what some of their beliefs were. They thought that the world was flat; that the phoenix story was true; that the stars had souls and sinned; and one said there were four gospels because there were four winds and four corners of the earth.
He might have added that it was also because a donkey has four legs.
So far as the argument drawn from the sufferings of the martyrs is concerned, the speaker said that thousands upon thousands of men had died as cheerfully in defense of the koran as Christians had died in defense of the bible. Their heroic suffering simply proved that they were sinners in their beliefs, not that those beliefs were true. This argument, as advanced by Mr. Talmage, proves too much. Every religion on the face of the globe has had its martyrs, but all religions cannot be true. Men do die cheerfully for falsehoods when they believe them to be true.
[The question of miracles was discussed at some length, and Col.
Ingersoll declared it was impossible to establish by any human evidence that a miracle had ever been performed.]
Pharaoh was not convinced by the alleged miracle performed by Aaron, of turning a stick into a serpent. Why? Because he was there, and no such miracle was ever done. No twenty people were convinced by the reported miracles of Christ, and yet people of the nineteenth century were coolly asked to be convinced on hearsay by miracles which those who are supposed to have seen them refuse to credit. It won"t do. The laws of nature never have been interrupted, and they never will be.
All the books in the universe will never convince a thinking man that miracles have been performed.
[The lecture was sprinkled throughout with the satirical wit for which Col. Ingersoll is famous, and concluded by the enumeration of a long list of "unscientific" facts and events recorded in the bible.]
Ingersoll"s Lecture on Religious Intolerance
"How anybody ever came to the conclusion that there was any G.o.d who demanded that you should feel sorrowful and miserable and bleak one-seventh of the time is beyond my comprehension. Neither can I conceive how they can say that one-seventh of time is holy. That day is the most sacred day on which the most good has been done for mankind. Now, there was a time among the Jews, when, if a man violated the Sabbath, they would kill him. They said G.o.d told them to do it. I think they were mistaken. If not, if any G.o.d did tell them to kill him, then I think he was mistaken. I hope the time will come when every man can spend the Sabbath just as he pleases, provided he does not interfere with the happiness of others. I would fight just as earnestly that the Christian may go to church as that the infidel may have the right to spend the Sabbath as he wishes. Are the people who go to church the only good people? Are there not a great many bad people who go to church? Not a bank in Pittsburgh will lend a dollar to the man who belongs to the church, without security, quicker than to the man who don"t go to church. Now, I believe that all laws upon the statute-book should be enforced. I do not blame anybody in this town.
I am perfectly willing that every preacher in this town should preach.
They are employed to preach, and to preach a certain doctrine, and if they don"t preach that doctrine they will be turned out. I have no objection to that. But I want the same privilege to express my views, and what is the difference whether the man pays the day he goes in, or pays for it the week before by subscription.
What would the church people think if the theatrical people should attempt to suppress the churches? What harm would it do to have an opera here tonight? It would elevate us more than to hear ten thousand sermons on the world that never dies. There is more practical wisdom in one of the plays of Shakespeare than in all the sacred books ever written. What wrong would there be to see one of those grand plays on Sunday? There was a time when the church would not allow you to cook on Sunday. You had to eat your victuals cold. There was a time they thought the more miserable you feel the better G.o.d feels. There are sixty odd thousand preachers in the United States. Some people regard them as a necessary evil; some as an unnecessary evil. There are sixty odd thousand churches in the United States; and it does seem to me that with all the wealth on their side; with all the good people on their side; with Providence on their side; with all these advantages they ought to let us at least have the right to speak our thoughts.
The history of the world shows me that the right has not always prevailed. When you see innocent men chained to the stake and the flames licking their flesh, it is natural to ask, why does G.o.d permit this? If you see a man in prison with the chains eating into his flesh simply for loving G.o.d, you"ve got to ask why does not a just G.o.d interfere? You"ve got to meet this; it won"t do to say that it will all come out for the best. That may do very well for G.o.d, but it"s awful hard on the man. Where was the G.o.d that permitted slavery for two hundred years in these United States? The history of the world shows that when a mean thing was done, man did it; when a good thing was done, man did it.
But there was a time when there was a drought, and this tribe of savages with their false notions of religion says somebody has been wicked. Somebody has been lecturing on Sunday. Then the tribe hunted out the wicked man. They said you"ve got to stop. We cannot allow you to continue your wickedness, which brings punishment upon the whole of us. What is the reason they allow me to speak tonight. Because the Christians are not as firm in their belief now as they were a thousand years ago. The luke warmness and hypocrisy of Christians now permit me to speak tonight. If they felt as they did a thousand years ago they would kill me. So religious persecution was born of the instinct of self-defense. Is there any duty we owe to G.o.d? Can we help him, can we add to his glory or happiness? They tell me this G.o.d is infinitely wise, I cannot add to his wisdom; infinitely happy--I cannot add to his happiness. What can I do? Maybe he wants me to make prayers that won"t be answered. I cannot see any relation that can exist between the finite and the infinite. I acknowledge that I am under obligations to my fellow man. We owe duties to our fellow man. And what? Simply to make them happy.
The only good, is happiness; and the only evil, is misery, or unhappiness. Only those things are right that tend to increase the happiness of man; only those things are wrong which tend to increase the misery of man. That is the basis of right and wrong. There never would have been the idea of wrong except that man can inflict sufferings upon others. Utility, then, is the basis of the idea of right and wrong.
The church tells us that this world is a school to prepare us for another, that it is a place to build up character. Well, if that is the only way character can be developed it is bad for children who die before they get any character. What would you think of a school-master who would kill half his pupils the first day?
Now, I read the bible, and I find that G.o.d so loved this world that He made up His mind to d.a.m.n the most of us. I have read this book, and what shall I say of it? I believe it is generally better to be honest.
Now, I don"t believe the bible. Had I not better say so? They say that if you do you will regret it when you come to die. If that be true, I know a great many religious people who will have no cause to regret it--they don"t tell their honest convictions about the bible.
There are two great arguments of the church--the great man argument and the death-bed. They say the religion of your fathers is good enough.
Why should your father object to your inventing a better plow than he had. They say to one, do you know more than all the theologians dead?
Being a perfectly modest man I say I think I do. Now we have come to the conclusion that every man has a right to think. Would G.o.d give a bird wings and make it a crime to fly? Would he give me brains and make it a crime to think? Any G.o.d that would d.a.m.n one of his children for the expression of his honest thought wouldn"t make a decent thief.
When I read a book and don"t believe it, I ought to say so. I will do so and take the consequence like a man. And so I object to paying for the support of another man"s belief. I am in favor of the taxation of all church property. If that property belongs to G.o.d, He is able to pay the tax. If we exempt anything, let us exempt the home of the widow and orphan.
[A voice here interrupted the speaker.
Col. Ingersoll--What did the gentleman say? A voice--O, he"s drunk.
Col. Ingersoll--I didn"t think any Christian ought to get drunk and come here to disturb us.
The speaker resumed:]
The church has today $600,000,000 or $700,000,000 of property in this country. It must cost $2,000,000 a week, that is to say $500 a minute, to run these churches. You give me this money and if I don"t do more good with it than four times as many churches I"ll resign. Let them make the churches attractive and they"ll get more hearers. They will have less empty pews if they have less empty heads in the pulpit. The time will come when the preacher will become a teacher.
Admitting that the bible is the book of G.o.d, is that His only good job?
Will not a man be d.a.m.ned as quick for denying the equator as denying the bible? Will he not be d.a.m.ned as quick for denying geology as for denying the scheme of salvation? When the bible was first written it was not believed. Had they known as much about science as we know now that bible would not have been written.
Col. Ingersoll next gave his views of the Puritans, declared they left Holland to escape persecution and came came here to persecute others.
He referred to the persecutions heaped upon those of other religious belief by the Puritans, paid the Catholics the compliment to say that Maryland, which they ruled, was the first colony to enact a law tolerating religious views not held by themselves, and went on to explain that G.o.d was never mentioned in the const.i.tution of the United States because each colony had a different religious belief, and each sect preferred to have G.o.d not mentioned at all than to having another religious belief than their own recognized.
"In 1876," said the speaker, "our forefathers retired G.o.d from politics. They said all power comes from the people. They kept G.o.d out of the const.i.tution and allowed each state to settle the question for itself."
The present laws of different states were neatly reviewed, so far as they relate to the prevention of infidels giving testimony and to religious intolerance in any way, and these features were all branded and discussed as a gigantic evil.
The lecture was attentively listened to by the immense audience from beginning to the end, and the speaker"s most blasphemous fights were the most loudly applauded.
Ingersoll"s Lecture on Hereafter
My Friends: I tell you tonight, as I have probably told many of you dozens of times, that the orthodox doctrine of eternal punishment in the hereafter is an infamous one! I have no respect for the man who preaches it, or pretends to you he believes it. Neither have I any respect for the man who will pollute the imagination of innocent childhood with that infamous lie! And I have no respect for the man who will deliberately add to the sorrows of this world with this terrible dogma; no respect for the man who endeavors to put that infinite cloud and shadow over the heart of humanity. I will be frank with you and say, I hate the doctrine; I despise it, I defy it; I loathe it--and what man of sense does not. The idea of a h.e.l.l was born of revenge and brutality on the one side, and arrant cowardice on the other. In my judgment the American people are too brave, too generous, too magnanimous, too humane to believe in that outrageous doctrine of eternal d.a.m.nation.
For a great many years the learned intellects of Christendom have been examining into the religions of other countries and other ages, in the world--the religions of the myriads who have pa.s.sed away. They examined into the religions of Egypt, the religion of Greece, that of Rome and the Scandinavian countries. In the presence of the ruins of those religions, the learned men of Christendom insisted that those religions were baseless, false and fraudulent. But they have all pa.s.sed away.