x.x.xI
That many of the letters headed "To Yourself" were addressed to George Gerrard there is ample evidence; that any of the letters so headed were addressed to another correspondent there is, so far as I know, no reason for believing.
Donne writes from Spa, to which place he accompanied Sir Robert and Lady Drury in May, 1612.
By 1582, the recurring annual error of approximately eleven minutes in the Julian calendar amounted to ten days. Pope Gregory XIII accordingly ordained that ten days should be deducted from the year 1582 by reckoning what according to the old calendar would have been the 5th, as the 15th of October. Spain, Portugal, and part of Italy carried out the Pope"s instructions exactly; in France the change was deferred until December, when the 10th was reckoned as the 20th; in the Low Countries the change was from December 15th to December 25th. England did not adopt the change until 1752, when the 3d of September, old style, was reckoned as September 14th. "26 July _here_ (i.e., at Spa) 1612" would, therefore, in England be July 16th, 1612.
Lord Treasurer Salisbury died May 24th, 1612. That contemporary estimate of his abilities which is, perhaps, most in accord with modern judgments is that of Francis Bacon:
"Soon after the death of a great Officer, who was judged no advancer of the King"s Matters, the King said to his Sollicitor Bacon, who was his Kinsman: Now tell me truly, what say you of your Cousin that is gone? Mr. Bacon answered, Sir, since your Majesty doth charge me, I"ll e"ne deal plainly with you, and give you such a character of him, as if I were to write his Story. I do think he was no fit Counsellor to make your Affairs better; but yet he was fit to have kept them from growing worse. The King said, On my So"l, Man, in the first thou speakest like a True Man, and in the latter like a Kinsman."
(_Baconiana_, 1679, p. 55.)
x.x.xII
This letter may conceivably have been addressed to George Hastings, Fourth Earl of Huntingdon. I think, however, that "To my Lord G. H." is the younger Donne"s mistake for "To Sir H. G." The reference to Lady Bedford, to whose husband"s establishment Sir Henry Goodyer was at this time attached, and the tone of the letter in general seem to me to support this supposition. As Donne left London with Sir Robert Drury late in November, 1611, this letter may be attributed with some confidence to the latter part of that year.
x.x.xIII
To Sir Henry Goodyer. Mr. Gosse places this letter in point of date of composition between VI (October 9th, 1607) and XLV (March 14th, 1608).
Certainly the three letters have points of resemblance striking enough to serve as a basis for the inference that they belong to the same period of Donne"s life. I know of no external evidence as to date, however, and the internal evidence is of the slightest. If, as I venture to infer from some of the expressions used, the letter was written after Donne had taken orders, it cannot be of earlier date than 1615.
x.x.xIV
Written from Peckham, the home of Sir Thomas Grymes, the husband of Donne"s sister Jane. As the time of Donne"s ordination (January, 1615) approached, he applied to several friends, Lady Bedford ("the Countess") and the Countess of Huntingdon ("the other Countess") among them, to help him pay his debts before making his "valediction to the world." Lady Bedford sent him 30; the Countess of Huntingdon responded even more liberally. Six verse letters to Lady Bedford and two to Lady Huntingdon are printed in Donne"s Poems (ed. Chambers).
x.x.xV
Sir George More, Chancellor of the Garter and Lieutenant of the Tower (to whom the news of his daughter"s secret marriage to Donne (1601) was "so immeasurably unwelcome, and so transported him, that, as though his pa.s.sion of anger and inconsideration might exceed theirs of love and errour," he had procured his son-in law"s dismissal from the post of Secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton), had, by the date of this letter, become "so far reconciled, as to wish their happinesse, and not to deny them his paternal blessing," though he still "refused to contribute any means that might conduce to their livelihood."
The Donnes had accepted the invitation of Mrs. Donne"s cousin, Sir Francis Wooley, to be his guests, on his inheritance in 1602 of the estate of Pyrford, in Surrey, "where they remained with much freedom to themselves, and equal comfort to him for many years," says Walton. In reality their residence at Pyrford extended from some time in 1602 to the winter of 1604-5. To this period the letter belongs. The "entreaty that you let goe no copy of my Problems" may refer to some unrevised MS. of the _Iuvenalia_. (See note to x.x.x.)
x.x.xVI
To Sir Henry Goodyer. "My custom of writing" is one of the many allusions to Donne"s weekly letter to Goodyer. I find nothing in the present letter on which to base any very accurate dating.
x.x.xVII
To George Gerrard. The nearest indication of the date of this letter is found in the mention of Sir Germander Pool. John Chamberlain in a letter to Sir Ralph Winwood, dated March 10th, 1612/13 writes:
"I know not whether I told you in my former, of an odd fray that happened much about that time [February 23d, 1612/13] near the Temple, "twixt one Hutchison of Grays-Inn, and Sir German Pool; who, a.s.saulting the other upon Advantage, and cutting off two of his Fingers, besides a Wound or two more before he could draw, the Gentleman finding himself disabled to revenge himself by the Sword, flew in upon him, and, getting him down, tore away all his Eyebrow with his Teeth, and then seizing on his Nose, tore away all of it, and carried it away in his Pockett."
Mr. Gosse suggests that it is not unlikely that Sir Germander"s singular disfigurement led to the resignation of which Donne speaks.
With the exception of this letter and the pa.s.sage just quoted from the _Winwood Memorials_ I have been unable to find in print any reference to Sir Germander. Through the unwearying kindness of Mr. Gosse, however, and the researches of Lord Raglan, undertaken at his instance, I am able to give some particulars of the history of this unlucky knight. He was baptized--as German or Germaine (Germander is a corruption)--in 1573. He fought in Ireland under Montjoy in 1599; he was knighted at Dublin Castle by the Lord Deputy of Ireland on the 20th of April, 1603; and in 1625 he had so far triumphed over his misfortunes as to win the hand of Millicent, daughter of Francis Mundy, Esq., of Markeaton, who bore him a son.
x.x.xVIII
To Sir Henry Goodyer. More than once Donne insists on the sincerity of his letters. So he writes to Mrs. Herbert:
"If this sounds like a flattery, believe it not. I am to my letters rigid as a Puritan, as Caesar was to his wife. I can as ill endure a suspicion and misinterpretable word as a fault."
x.x.xIX
The reference to the cessation of hostilities in the Low Countries following the Truce of Bergen (April 19th, 1609) enables us to complete the date of this letter. "The best Lady," here as elsewhere, is the Countess of Bedford. Perhaps the letter to Lady Bedford, enclosed in this letter, and presumably in verse, was written in acknowledgment of her verses on Donne, which are the subject of a letter to her already given (XXIII).
XL
To Sir John Harington, now best remembered as the translator of Ariosto, and one of the brilliant group of poets and wits which met at the Countess of Bedford"s house at Twickenham and which included Ben Jonson, Drayton, Daniel, Donne, and many lesser lights. Harington died in 1612. Donne"s daughter Lucy was born at Mitcham in 1608 and died nineteen years later at the Deanery of Saint Paul"s.
XLI
Sir Henry Wotton was in England when this letter was written early in 1612, and Donne was probably at Amiens, shortly to proceed to Paris with Sir Robert Drury. The phrase "when I was last here" is the only known evidence of an earlier visit to France.
In the _Life of Wotton_, Walton writes:
"I must not omit the mention of a love that was there [at Oxford]
begun betwixt him and Dr. Donne, sometime Dean of St. Paul"s; a man of whose abilities I shall forbear to say anything, because he who is of this nation, and pretends to learning or ingenuity, and is ignorant of Dr. Donne, deserves not to know him. The friendship of these two I must not omit to mention, being such a friendship as was generously elemented; and as it was begun in their youth, and in an University, and there maintained by correspondent inclinations and studies, so it lasted till age and death forced a separation."
XLII
This letter, to Sir Henry Goodyer, was written but a few weeks later than the preceding letter to Sir Henry Wotton. Their arrangement in sequence is one of John Donne, Junior"s rare triumphs as an editor of correspondence.
The two letters admirably ill.u.s.trate the manysidedness of Donne"s contact with the life of his time, social, political, and ecclesiastical. For the date, see note to x.x.xI, above.
XLIII
There is no conclusive evidence, internal or external, as to which of Donne"s correspondents is here addressed; certainly not Sir Henry Wotton, who was not a father, and who had recently returned from an important emba.s.sy in Germany, and who, a year later, became Provost of Eton College, to Bacon"s great disappointment. The intimate tone of the letter suggests that it was addressed to Sir Henry Goodyer, who had already begun to be "encombred and distressed in his fortunes."
XLIV
_A. V[uestra] Merced_, "to your worship," is the common Spanish form of address. The allusion to the plague enables us to a.s.sign the letter to 1608, and this date in connection with the references to "My Lady"
[Bedford] and to "Twicknam" suggest that Donne"s correspondent was Sir Henry Goodyer, in the service of the Earl of Bedford. "Mistress Herbert"
is Mrs. Magdalen Herbert, the mother of the saintly George Herbert and his unsaintly brother Edward. Of Mrs. Herbert, after she had become Lady Danvers, Donne speaks in what is perhaps the best remembered of his poems, the lines beginning:
"No spring, nor summer beauty hath such grace As I have seen in one autumnal face,"