P.S.--You have paid me the highest conceivable compliment, by what you say of your work in relation to my chapters on distribution in the "Origin," and I heartily thank you for it.
[The following letters ill.u.s.trate my father"s power of taking a vivid interest in work bearing on Evolution, but unconnected with his own special researches at the time. The books referred to in the first letter are Professor Weismann"s "Studien zur Descendenzlehre" (My father contributed a prefatory note to Mr. Meldola"s translation of Prof.
Weismann"s "Studien," 1880-81.), being part of the series of essays by which the author has done such admirable service to the cause of evolution:]
CHARLES DARWIN TO AUGUST WEISMANN. January 12, 1877.
... I read German so slowly, and have had lately to read several other papers, so that I have as yet finished only half of your first essay and two-thirds of your second. They have excited my interest and admiration in the highest degree, and whichever I think of last, seems to me the most valuable. I never expected to see the coloured marks on caterpillars so well explained; and the case of the ocelli delights me especially...
... There is one other subject which has always seemed to me more difficult to explain than even the colours of caterpillars, and that is the colour of birds" eggs, and I wish you would take this up.
CHARLES DARWIN TO MELCHIOR NEUMAYR (Professor of Palaeontology at Vienna.), VIENNA. Down, Beckenham, Kent, March 9, 1877.
Dear Sir,
From having been obliged to read other books, I finished only yesterday your essay on "Die Congerien," etc. ("Die Congerien und Paludinenschichten Slavoneins." 4to, 1875.)
I hope that you will allow me to express my grat.i.tude for the pleasure and instruction which I have derived from reading it. It seems to me to be an admirable work; and is by far the best case which I have ever met with, showing the direct influence of the conditions of life on the organization.
Mr. Hyatt, who has been studying the Hilgendorf case, writes to me with respect to the conclusions at which he has arrived, and these are nearly the same as yours. He insists that closely similar forms may be derived from distinct lines of descent; and this is what I formerly called a.n.a.logical variation. There can now be no doubt that species may become greatly modified through the direct action of the environment. I have some excuse for not having formerly insisted more strongly on this head in my "Origin of Species," as most of the best facts have been observed since its publication.
With my renewed thanks for your most interesting essay, and with the highest respect, I remain, dear Sir,
Yours very faithfully, CHARLES DARWIN.
CHARLES DARWIN TO E.S. MORSE. Down, April 23, 1877.
My dear Sir,
You must allow me just to tell you how very much I have been interested with the excellent Address ("What American Zoologists have done for Evolution," an Address to the American a.s.sociation for the Advancement of Science, August, 1876. Volume xxv. of the Proceedings of the a.s.sociation.) which you have been so kind as to send me, and which I had much wished to read. I believe that I had read all, or very nearly all, the papers by your countrymen to which you refer, but I have been fairly astonished at their number and importance when seeing them thus put together. I quite agree about the high value of Mr. Allen"s works (Mr. J.A. Allen shows the existence of geographical races of birds and mammals. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. volume xv.), as showing how much change may be expected apparently through the direct action of the conditions of life. As for the fossil remains in the West, no words will express how wonderful they are. There is one point which I regret that you did not make clear in your Address, namely what is the meaning and importance of Professors Cope and Hyatt"s views on acceleration and r.e.t.a.r.dation. I have endeavoured, and given up in despair, the attempt to grasp their meaning.
Permit me to thank you cordially for the kind feeling shown towards me through your Address, and I remain, my dear Sir,
Yours faithfully, CH. DARWIN.
[The next letter refers to his "Biographical Sketch of an Infant,"
written from notes made 37 years previously, and published in "Mind,"
July, 1877. The article attracted a good deal of attention, and was translated at the time in "Kosmos," and the "Revue Scientifique,"
and has been recently published in Dr. Krause"s "Gesammelte kleinere SchrifteN von Charles Darwin," 1887:]
CHARLES DARWIN TO G. CROOM ROBERTSON. (The editor of "Mind.") Down, April 27, 1877.
Dear Sir,
I hope that you will be so good as to take the trouble to read the enclosed MS., and if you think it fit for publication in your admirable journal of "Mind," I shall be gratified. If you do not think it fit, as is very likely, will you please to return it to me. I hope that you will read it in an extra critical spirit, as I cannot judge whether it is worth publishing from having been so much interested in watching the dawn of the several faculties in my own infant. I may add that I should never have thought of sending you the MS., had not M. Taine"s article appeared in your Journal. (1877, page 252. The original appeared in the "Revue Philosophique" 1876.) If my MS. is printed, I think that I had better see a proof.
I remain, dear Sir, Yours faithfully, CH. DARWIN.
[The two following extracts show the lively interest he preserved in diverse fields of enquiry. Professor Cohn of Breslau had mentioned, in a letter, Koch"s researches on Splenic Fever, my father replied, January 3:--
"I well remember saying to myself, between twenty and thirty years ago, that if ever the origin of any infectious disease could be proved, it would be the greatest triumph to science; and now I rejoice to have seen the triumph."
In the spring he received a copy of Dr. E. von Mojsisovics" "Dolomit Riffe," his letter to the author (June 1, 1878) is interesting as bearing on the influence of his own work on the methods of geology.
"I have at last found time to read the first chapter of your "Dolomit Riffe," and have been EXCEEDINGLY interested by it. What a wonderful change in the future of Geological chronology you indicate, by a.s.suming the descent theory to be established, and then taking the graduated changes of the same group of organisms as the true standard! I never hoped to live to see such a step even proposed by any one."
Another geological research which roused my father"s admiration was Mr.
D. Mackintosh"s work on erratic blocks. Apart from its intrinsic merit the work keenly excited his sympathy from the conditions under which it was executed, Mr. Mackintosh being compelled to give nearly his whole time to tuition. The following pa.s.sage is from a letter to Mr.
Mackintosh of October 9, 1879, and refers to his paper in the Journal of the Geological Society, 1878:--
"I hope that you will allow me to have the pleasure of thanking you for the very great pleasure which I have derived from just reading your paper on erratic blocks. The map is wonderful, and what labour each of those lines show! I have thought for some years that the agency of floating ice, which nearly half a century ago was overrated, has of late been underrated. You are the sole man who has ever noticed the distinction suggested by me (In his paper on the "Ancient Glaciers of Carnarvonshire," Phil. Mag. xxi. 1842.) between flat or planed scored rocks, and mammillated scored rocks."]
CHARLES DARWIN TO C. RIDLEY. Down, November 28, 1878.
Dear Sir,
I just skimmed through Dr. Pusey"s sermon, as published in the "Guardian", but it did [not] seem to me worthy of any attention. As I have never answered criticisms excepting those made by scientific men, I am not willing that this letter should be published; but I have no objection to your saying that you sent me the three questions, and that I answered that Dr. Pusey was mistaken in imagining that I wrote the "Origin" with any relation whatever to Theology. I should have thought that this would have been evident to any one who had taken the trouble to read the book, more especially as in the opening lines of the introduction I specify how the subject arose in my mind. This answer disposes of your two other questions; but I may add that many years ago, when I was collecting facts for the "Origin," my belief in what is called a personal G.o.d was as firm as that of Dr. Pusey himself, and as to the eternity of matter I have never troubled myself about such insoluble questions. Dr. Pusey"s attack will be as powerless to r.e.t.a.r.d by a day the belief in Evolution, as were the virulent attacks made by divines fifty years ago against Geology, and the still older ones of the Catholic Church against Galileo, for the public is wise enough always to follow Scientific men when they agree on any subject; and now there is almost complete unanimity amongst Biologists about Evolution, though there is still considerable difference as to the means, such as how far natural selection has acted, and how far external conditions, or whether there exists some mysterious innate tendency to perfectability. I remain, dear Sir,
Yours faithfully, CH. DARWIN.
[Theologians were not the only adversaries of freedom in science. On September 22, 1877, Prof. Virchow delivered an address at the Munich meeting of German Naturalists and Physicians, which had the effect of connecting Socialism with the Descent theory. This point of view was taken up by anti-evolutionists to such an extent that, according to Haeckel, the "Kreuz Zeitung" threw "all the blame of" the "treasonable attempts of the democrats Hodel and n.o.biling... directly on the theory of Descent." Prof. Haeckel replied with vigour and ability in his "Freedom in Science and Teaching" (English Translation 1879), an essay which must have the sympathy of all lovers of freedom.
The following pa.s.sage from a letter (December 26, 1879) to Dr. Scherzer, the author of the "Voyage of the "Novara"," gives a hint of my father"s views on this once burning question:--
"What a foolish idea seems to prevail in Germany on the connection between Socialism and Evolution through Natural Selection."]
CHARLES DARWIN TO H.N. MOSELEY. (Professor of Zoology at Oxford.
The book alluded to is Prof. Moseley"s "Notes by a Naturalist on the "Challenger".") Down, January 20, 1879.
Dear Moseley,
I have just received your book, and I declare that never in my life have I seen a dedication which I admired so much. ("To Charles Darwin, Esquire, LL.D., F.R.S., etc., from the study of whose "Journal of Researches" I mainly derived my desire to travel round the world; to the development of whose theory I owe the princ.i.p.al pleasures and interests of my life, and who has personally given me much kindly encouragement in the prosecution of my studies, this book is, by permission, gratefully dedicated.") Of course I am not a fair judge, but I hope that I speak dispa.s.sionately, though you have touched me in my very tenderest point, by saying that my old Journal mainly gave you the wish to travel as a Naturalist. I shall begin to read your book this very evening, and am sure that I shall enjoy it much.
Yours very sincerely, CH. DARWIN.
CHARLES DARWIN TO H.N. MOSELEY. Down, February 4, 1879.
Dear Moseley,