He first traced the evolution of the individual from the ovum, and replied to the three usual objections raised to evolution, that it is impossible, immoral, and contrary to the argument of design, by replying to the first, that it does occur in every individual; to the second, that the morality which opposes itself to truth commits suicide; and to the third that Paley--the most interesting Sunday reading allowed him when a boy--had long since answered this objection.
Then he proceeded to discuss the evolution of the 100 species, all extinct but two, of Nautilus. The alternative theory of new construction, a hundred times over, is opposed alike to tradition and to sane science. On the other hand, evolution, tested by paleontology, proves a sound hypothesis. The great difficulty of science is in tracing every event to those causes which are in present operation; the hypothesis of evolution is a.n.a.logous to what is going on now.
The summer was pa.s.sed at Milford, near G.o.dalming, in a house at the very edge of the heather country which from there stretches unbroken past Hindhead and into Wolmer Forest. So well did he like the place that he took it again the following year. But his holiday was like to have been spoilt at the beginning by the strain of an absurd adventure which involved much fatigue and more anxiety.]
I came back only last night [he writes to Sir M. Foster on August 1]
from Paris, where I sped on Sunday night, in a horrid state of alarm from a cursed blundering telegram which led me to believe that Leonard (you know he got his first cla.s.s to our great joy) who had left for the continent on Sat.u.r.day, was ill or had had an accident.
[It was indeed a hurried journey. On receipt of the telegram, he rushed to Victoria only to miss the night mail. The booking-clerk suggested that he should drive to London Bridge, take train to Lewes, and thence take a fly to Newhaven, where he ought to catch a later boat. The problem was to catch the London Bridge train. There was barely a quarter of an hour, but thanks to a good horse and the Sunday absence of traffic, the thing was done, establishing, I believe, what the modern mind delights in, a record in cab-driving. Happily the anxiety at not finding his son in Paris was soon allayed by another telegram from home, where his son-in-law, the innocent sender of the original message, had meanwhile arrived. He writes to Sir M.
Foster:--]
Judging by my scrawl, which is worse than usual, I should say the anxiety had left its mark, but I am none the worse otherwise.
[This was indeed the case. Other letters to Sir M. Foster show that he was unusually well, perhaps because he was really making holiday to some extent. Thus on August 16, he writes:--]
This is a lovely country, and I have been reading novels and walking about for the last four days. I must be all right, wind and limb, for I walked over twenty miles the day before yesterday, and except a blister on one heel, was none the worse.
[And again on September 12:--]
Have been very lazy lately, which means that I have done a great many things that I need not have done, and have left undone those which I ought to have done. Nowadays that seems to me to be the real definition of a holiday.
[For once he was not doing very much holiday work, though he was filing at the Rede Lecture to get it into shape for publication. The examinations for the Science and Art Department were over, and indeed he writes to Sir M. Foster:--]
Don"t bother your head about the balance--now or hereafter. To tell you the truth I do so little in the Examiner business that I am getting ashamed of taking even the retaining fee, and you will do me a favour if you will ease my conscience.
[A week of fishery business in South Wales and Devon had] "a good deal of holiday in it." [for the rest:--]
I have just been put on Senate of University of London [a Crown nomination]. I tried hard to get Lord Granville to let me off--in fact I told him I could not attend the meetings except now and then, but there was no escape. I must have a talk with you about what is to be done there.
Item:
There is a new Fishery Commission that I also strongly objected to, but had to cave in so far as I agreed to attend some meetings in latter half of September.
[On this occasion Lord Granville had written back:--
11 Carlton House Terrace, July 28, 1883.
My dear Professor Huxley,
Clay, the great whist player, once made a mistake and said to his partner, "My brain is softening," the latter answered "Never mind, I will give you ten thousand pounds down for it, just as it is."
On that principle and backed up by Paget I shall write to Harcourt on Monday.
Yours sincerely,
Granville.
The Commission of course cut short the stay at Milford, and on September 12, he writes:--]
We shall leave this on Friday as my wife has some fal-lals to look after before we start for the north on Monday.
The worst of it is that it is not at all certain that the Commission will meet and do any work. However I am pledged to go, and I daresay that Brechin Castle is a very pleasant place to stay in.
[Lastly, he was thinking over the obituary notice of Darwin which he had undertaken to write for the Royal Society--though it did not appear till 1888--that on F. Balfour being written by Sir M. Foster.]
Highcroft House, Milford, G.o.dalming, August 27, 1883.
My dear Foster,
I do not see anything to add or alter to what you have said about Balfour, except to get rid of that terrible word "urinogenital," which he invented, and I believe I once adopted, out of mere sympathy I suppose.
Darwin is on my mind, and I will see what can be done here by and by.
Up to the present I have been filing away at the Rede Lecture. I believe that getting things into shape takes me more and more trouble as I get older--whether it is a loss of faculty or an increase of fastidiousness I can"t say--but at any rate it costs me more time and trouble to get things finished--and when they are done I should prefer burning to publishing them.
Haven"t you any suggestions to offer for Anniversary address? I think the Secretaries ought to draw it up, like a Queen"s speech.
Mind we have a talk some day about University of London. I suppose you want an English Sorbonne. I have thought of it at times, but the Philistines are strong.
Weather jolly, but altogether too hot for anything but lying on the gra.s.s "under the tegmination of the patulous f.a.ge," as the poet observes.
Ever yours very faithfully,
T.H. Huxley.
[The remaining letters of this year are for the most part on Royal Society business, some of which, touching the anniversary dinner, may be quoted:--]
4 Marlborough Place, November 10, 1883.
My dear Foster,
...I have been trying to get some political and other swells to come to the dinner. Lord Mayor is coming--thought I would ask him on account of City and Guilds business--Lord Chancellor, probably, Courtney, M.P., promised, and I made the greatest blunder I ever made in all my life by thoughtlessly writing to ask Chamberlain (!!!) utterly forgetting the row with Tyndall. [Concerning the Lighthouses.]
By the mercy of Providence he can"t come this year, though I must ask him next (if I am not kicked out for my sins before that), as he is anxious to come. Science ought to be in league with the Radicals...
Ever yours,
T.H. Huxley.
[He had made prompt confession as soon as he discovered his mistake, to Tyndall himself, who ultimately came to the dinner and proposed the health of his old friend Hirst.]
4 Marlborough Place, November 9, 1883.
My dear Tyndall,
I have been going to write to you for two or three days to ask you to propose Hirst"s health as Royal Medallist on the 30th November. I am sure your doing so would give an extra value to the medal to him.
But now I realise the position of those poor devils I have seen in lunatic asylums and who believed they have committed the unforgivable sin. It came upon me suddenly in Waterloo Place this evening, that I had done so; and I went straight to the Royal Inst.i.tution to make confession, and if possible get absolution. But I heard you had gone to Hindhead, and so I write.
Yesterday I was sending some invitations to the dinner on the 30th, and thinking to please the Society I made a shot at some ministers.