It is remarkable, that Johnson"s last quoted letter to Mr. Cave concludes with a fair confession that he had not a dinner; and it is no less remarkable, that, though in this state of want himself, his benevolent heart was not insensible to the necessities of an humble labourer in literature, as appears from the very next letter:
"To MR. CAVE.
[No date.]
"DEAR SIR,
"You may remember I have formerly talked with you about a Military Dictionary. The eldest Mr. Macbean[389], who was with Mr. Chambers[390], has very good materials for such a work, which I have seen, and will do it at a very low rate[391]. I think the terms of War and Navigation might be comprised, with good explanations, in one 8vo. Pica, which he is willing to do for twelve shillings a sheet, to be made up a guinea at the second impression. If you think on it, I will wait on you with him.
"I am, Sir,
"Your humble servant,
"SAM. JOHNSON.
"Pray lend me Topsel on Animals[392]."
[Page 139: Boethius De Consolatione. aetat 29.]
I must not omit to mention, that this Mr. Macbean was a native of Scotland.
In the _Gentleman"s Magazine_ of this year, Johnson gave a Life of Father Paul; and he wrote the Preface to the Volume[393], [dagger] which, though prefixed to it when bound, is always published with the Appendix, and is therefore the last composition belonging to it. The ability and nice adaptation with which he could draw up a prefatory address, was one of his peculiar excellencies.
It appears too, that he paid a friendly attention to Mrs. Elizabeth Carter; for in a letter from Mr. Cave to Dr. Birch, November 28, this year, I find "Mr. Johnson advises Miss C. to undertake a translation of _Boethius de Cons_, because there is prose and verse, and to put her name to it when published." This advice was not followed; probably from an apprehension that the work was not sufficiently popular for an extensive sale. How well Johnson himself could have executed a translation of this philosophical poet, we may judge from the following specimen which he has given in the _Rambler_: (_Motto to No. 7_.)
"O qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas, Terrarum caelique sator!
Disjice terrenae nebulas et pondera molis, Atque tuo splendore mica! Tu namque serenum, Tu requies tranquilla piis. Te cernere finis, Principium, vector, dux, semita, terminus, idem."
"O thou whose power o"er moving worlds presides, Whose voice created, and whose wisdom guides, On darkling man in pure effulgence shine, And cheer the clouded mind with light divine.
"Tis thine alone to calm the pious breast, With silent confidence and holy rest; From thee, great G.o.d! we spring, to thee we tend, Path, motive, guide, original, and end!"
[Page 140: Abridgments. A.D. 1739.]
[Page 141: Marmor Norfolciensc. aetat 30.]
In 1739, beside the a.s.sistance which he gave to the Parliamentary Debates, his writings in the _Gentleman"s Magazine_[394] were, "The Life of Boerhaave,"[*] in which it is to be observed, that he discovers that love of chymistry[395] which never forsook him; "An Appeal to the publick in behalf of the Editor;"[dagger] "An Address to the Reader;"[dagger]
"An Epigram both in Greek and Latin to Eliza[396],"[*] and also English verses to her[397];[*] and, "A Greek Epigram to Dr. Birch[398]."[*] It has been erroneously supposed, that an Essay published in that Magazine this year, ent.i.tled "The Apotheosis of Milton," was written by Johnson; and on that supposition it has been improperly inserted in the edition of his works by the Booksellers, after his decease. Were there no positive testimony as to this point, the style of the performance, and the name of Shakspeare not being mentioned in an Essay professedly reviewing the princ.i.p.al English poets, would ascertain it not to be the production of Johnson. But there is here no occasion to resort to internal evidence; for my Lord Bishop of Salisbury (Dr. Douglas) has a.s.sured me, that it was written by Guthrie. His separate publications were[399], "A Complete Vindication of the Licensers of the Stage, from the malicious and scandalous Aspersions of Mr. Brooke, Authour of Gustavus Vasa,"[*] being an ironical Attack upon them for their Suppression of that Tragedy[400]; and, "Marmor Norfolciense; or an Essay on an ancient prophetical Inscription in monkish Rhyme, lately discovered near Lynne in Norfolk, by PROBUS BRITANNICUS."[*] In this performance, he, in a feigned inscription, supposed to have been found in Norfolk, the county of Sir Robert Walpole, then the obnoxious prime minister of this country, inveighs against the Brunswick succession, and the measures of government consequent upon it[401]. To this supposed prophecy he added a Commentary, making each expression apply to the times, with warm Anti-Hanoverian zeal.
This anonymous pamphlet, I believe, did not make so much noise as was expected, and, therefore, had not a very extensive circulation[402]. Sir John Hawkins relates[403], that, "warrants were issued, and messengers employed to apprehend the authour; who, though he had forborne to subscribe his name to the pamphlet, the vigilance of those in pursuit of him had discovered;" and we are informed, that he lay concealed in Lambeth-marsh till the scent after him grew cold. This, however, is altogether without foundation; for Mr. Steele, one of the Secretaries of the Treasury, who amidst a variety of important business, politely obliged me with his attention to my inquiry, informed me, that "he directed every possible search to be made in the records of the Treasury and Secretary of State"s Office, but could find no trace whatever of any warrant having been issued to apprehend the authour of this pamphlet."
[Page 142: Reprint of Marmor Norfolciensc. A.D. 1739.]
_Marmor Norfolciense_ became exceedingly scarce, so that I, for many years, endeavoured in vain to procure a copy of it. At last I was indebted to the malice of one of Johnson"s numerous petty adversaries, who, in 1775, published a new edition of it, "with Notes and a Dedication to SAMUEL JOHNSON, LL.D. by TRIBUNUS;" in which some puny scribbler invidiously attempted to found upon it a charge of inconsistency against its authour, because he had accepted of a pension from his present Majesty, and had written in support of the measures of government. As a mortification to such impotent malice, of which there are so many instances towards men of eminence, I am happy to relate, that this _telum imbelle_[404] did not reach its exalted object, till about a year after it thus appeared, when I mentioned it to him, supposing that he knew of the re-publication. To my surprize, he had not yet heard of it. He requested me to go directly and get it for him, which I did. He looked at it and laughed, and seemed to be much diverted with the feeble efforts of his unknown adversary, who, I hope, is alive to read this account. "Now (said he) here is somebody who thinks he has vexed me sadly; yet, if it had not been for you, you rogue, I should probably never have seen it."
[Page 143: "Paper-sparing Pope." aetat 30.]
As Mr. Pope"s note concerning Johnson, alluded to in a former page, refers both to his _London_, and his _Marmor Norfolciense_, I have deferred inserting it till now. I am indebted for it to Dr. Percy, the Bishop of Dromore, who permitted me to copy it from the original in his possession. It was presented to his Lordship by Sir Joshua Reynolds, to whom it was given by the son of Mr. Richardson the painter, the person to whom it is addressed. I have transcribed it with minute exactness, that the peculiar mode of writing, and imperfect spelling of that celebrated poet, may be exhibited to the curious in literature. It justifies Swift"s epithet of "paper-sparing Pope[405]" for it is written on a slip no larger than a common message-card, and was sent to Mr.
Richardson, along with the _Imitation of Juvenal_.
"This is imitated by one Johnson who put in for a Publick-school in Shropshire,[406] but was disappointed. He has an infirmity of the convulsive kind, that attacks him sometimes, so as to make him a sad Spectacle. Mr. P. from the Merit of this Work which was all the knowledge he had of him endeavour"d to serve him without his own application; & wrote to my Ld gore, but he did not succeed. Mr. Johnson published afterwds another Poem in Latin with Notes the whole very Humerous call"d the Norfolk Prophecy.[407]"
"P."
Johnson had been told of this note; and Sir Joshua Reynolds informed him of the compliment which it contained, but, from delicacy, avoided shewing him the paper itself. When Sir Joshua observed to Johnson that he seemed very desirous to see Pope"s note, he answered, "Who would not be proud to have such a man as Pope so solicitous in inquiring about him?"
[Page 144: Johnson"s tricks of body. A.D. 1739.]
The infirmity to which Mr. Pope alludes, appeared to me also, as I have elsewhere[408] observed, to be of the convulsive kind, and of the nature of that distemper called St. Vitus"s dance; and in this opinion I am confirmed by the description which Sydenham gives of that disease. "This disorder is a kind of convulsion. It manifests itself by halting or unsteadiness of one of the legs, which the patient draws after him like an ideot. If the hand of the same side be applied to the breast, or any other part of the body, he cannot keep it a moment in the same posture, but it will be drawn into a different one by a convulsion, notwithstanding all his efforts to the contrary." Sir Joshua Reynolds, however, was of a different opinion, and favoured me with the following paper.
[Page 145: His dread of solitude. aetat 30.]
"Those motions or tricks of Dr. Johnson are improper"y called convulsions[409]. He could sit motionless, when he was told so to do, as well as any other man; my opinion is that it proceeded from a habit which he had indulged himself in, of accompanying his thoughts with certain untoward actions, and those actions always appeared to me as if they were meant to reprobate some part of his past conduct. Whenever he was not engaged in conversation, such thoughts were sure to rush into his mind; and, for this reason, any company, any employment whatever, he preferred to being alone[410]. The great business of his life (he said) was to escape from himself; this disposition he considered as the disease of his mind, which nothing cured but company.
"One instance of his absence and particularity, as it is characteristick of the man, may be worth relating. When he and I took a journey together into the West, we visited the late Mr. Banks, of Dorsetshire; the conversation turning upon pictures, which Johnson could not well see, he retired to a corner of the room, stretching out his right leg as far as he could reach before him, then bringing up his left leg, and stretching his right still further on. The old gentleman observing him, went up to him, and in a very courteous manner a.s.sured him, that though it was not a new house, the flooring was perfectly safe. The Doctor started from his reverie, like a person waked out of his sleep, but spoke not a word."
While we are on this subject, my readers may not be displeased with another anecdote, communicated to me by the same friend, from the relation of Mr. Hogarth.
[Page 146: Hogarth meets Johnson. A.D. 1739.]
[Page 147: George the Second"s cruelty. aetat 30.]
Johnson used to be a pretty frequent visitor at the house of Mr.
Richardson, authour of _Clarissa_, and other novels of extensive reputation. Mr. Hogarth came one day to see Richardson, soon after the execution of Dr. Cameron, for having taken arms for the house of Stuart in 1745-6; and being a warm partisan of George the Second, he observed to Richardson[411], that certainly there must have been some very unfavourable circ.u.mstances lately discovered in this particular case, which had induced the King to approve of an execution for rebellion so long after the time when it was committed, as this had the appearance of putting a man to death in cold blood[412], and was very unlike his Majesty"s usual clemency. While he was talking, he perceived a person standing at a window in the room, shaking his head, and rolling himself about in a strange ridiculous manner. He concluded that he was an ideot, whom his relations had put under the care of Mr. Richardson, as a very good man. To his great surprize, however, this figure stalked forwards to where he and Mr. Richardson were sitting, and all at once took up the argument, and burst out into an invective against George the Second, as one, who, upon all occasions, was unrelenting and barbarous[413]; mentioning many instances, particularly, that when an officer of high rank had been acquitted by a Court Martial, George the Second had with his own hand, struck his name off the list. In short, he displayed such a power of eloquence, that Hogarth looked at him with astonishment, and actually imagined that this ideot had been at the moment inspired.
Neither Hogarth nor Johnson were made known to each other at this interview[414].
[1740[415]: aeTAT. 31.]--In 1740 he wrote for the _Gentleman"s Magazine_ the "Preface[416],"[dagger] "Life of Sir Francis Drake,"[*] and the first parts of those of "Admiral Blake[417],"[*] and of "Philip Baretier[418],"
both which he finished the following year. He also wrote an "Essay on Epitaphs[419]," and an "Epitaph on Philips, a Musician,"[420] which was afterwards published with some other pieces of his, in Mrs. Williams"s _Miscellanies_. This Epitaph is so exquisitely beautiful, that I remember even Lord Kames, strangely prejudiced as he was against Dr.
Johnson, was compelled to allow it very high praise. It has been ascribed to Mr. Garrick, from its appearing at first with the signature G; but I have heard Mr. Garrick declare, that it was written by Dr.
Johnson, and give the following account of the manner in which it was composed. Johnson and he were sitting together; when, amongst other things, Garrick repeated an Epitaph upon this Philips by a Dr. Wilkes, in these words:
[Page 148: Epitaph on Philips. A.D. 1740.]
"Exalted soul! whose harmony could please The love-sick virgin, and the gouty ease; Could jarring discord, like Amphion, move To beauteous order and harmonious love; Rest here in peace, till angels bid thee rise, And meet thy blessed Saviour in the skies."
Johnson shook his head at these common-place funereal lines, and said to Garrick, "I think, Davy, I can make a better." Then, stirring about his tea for a little while, in a state of meditation, he almost extempore produced the following verses:
[Page 149: Epigram on Cibber. aetat 31.]
"Philips, whose touch harmonious could remove The pangs of guilty power or[421] hapless love; Rest here, distress"d by poverty no more, Here find that calm thou gav"st so oft before; Sleep, undisturb"d, within this peaceful shrine, Till angels wake thee with a note like thine[422]!"
At the same time that Mr. Garrick favoured me with this anecdote, he repeated a very pointed Epigram by Johnson, on George the Second and Colley Cibber, which has never yet appeared, and of which I know not the exact date[423]. Dr. Johnson afterwards gave it to me himself[424]:
"Augustus still survives in Maro"s strain, And Spenser"s verse prolongs Eliza"s reign; Great George"s acts let tuneful Cibber sing; For Nature form"d the Poet for the King."
[Page 150: One of Cromwell"s speeches. A.D. 1741.]
In 1741[425][*] he wrote for the _Gentleman"s Magazine_ "the Preface,"[*]
"Conclusion of his lives of Drake and Baretier,"[dagger] "A free translation of the Jests of Hierocles[426], with an Introduction;"[dagger]
and, I think, the following pieces: "Debate on the Proposal of Parliament to Cromwell, to a.s.sume the t.i.tle of King, abridged, modified, and digested[427];"[dagger] "Translation of Abbe Guyon"s Dissertation on the Amazons;"[dagger] "Translation of Fontenelle"s Panegyrick on Dr.