"I don"t like talkers," continued Charles; "I don"t think I ever shall; I hope not."
"I know better what"s at the bottom of it," said Sheffield; "but I can"t stay; I must go in and read; Reding is too fond of a gossip."
"Who talks so much as you, Sheffield?" said Charles.
"But I talk fast when I talk," answered he, "and get through a great deal of work; then I give over: but you prose, and muse, and sigh, and prose again." And so he left them.
"What does he mean?" asked Carlton.
Charles slightly coloured and laughed: "You are a man I say things to, I don"t to others," he made answer; "as to Sheffield, he fancies he has found it out of himself."
Carlton looked round at him sharply and curiously.
"I am ashamed of myself," said Charles, laughing and looking confused; "I have made you think that I have something important to tell, but really I have nothing at all."
"Well, out with it," said Carlton.
"Why, to tell the truth,--no, really, it is too absurd. I have made a fool of myself."
He turned away, then turned back, and resumed:
"Why, it was only this, that Sheffield fancies I have some sneaking kindness for ... celibacy myself."
"Kindness for whom?" said Carlton.
"Kindness for celibacy."
There was a pause, and Carlton"s face somewhat changed.
"Oh, my dear good fellow," he said kindly, "so you are one of them; but it will go off."
"Perhaps it will," said Charles: "oh, I am laying no stress upon it. It was Sheffield who made me mention it."
A real difference of mind and view had evidently been struck upon by two friends, very congenial and very fond of each other. There was a pause for a few seconds.
"You are so sensible a fellow, Reding," said Carlton, "it surprises me that you should take up this notion."
"It"s no new notion taken up," answered Charles; "you will smile, but I had it when a boy at school, and I have ever since fancied that I should never marry. Not that the feeling has never intermitted, but it is the habit of my mind. My general thoughts run in that one way, that I shall never marry. If I did, I should dread Thalaba"s punishment."
Carlton put his hand on Reding"s shoulder, and gently shook him to and fro; "Well, it surprises me," he said; then, after a pause, "I have been accustomed to think both celibacy and marriage good in their way. In the Church of Rome great good, I see, comes of celibacy; but depend on it, my dear Reding, you are making a great blunder if you are for introducing celibacy into the Anglican Church."
"There"s nothing against it in Prayer Book or Articles," said Charles.
"Perhaps not; but the whole genius, structure, working of our Church goes the other way. For instance, we have no monasteries to relieve the poor; and if we had, I suspect, as things are, a parson"s wife would, in practical substantial usefulness, be infinitely superior to all the monks that were ever shaven. I declare, I think the Bishop of Ipswich is almost justified in giving out that none but married men have a chance of preferment from him; nay, the Bishop of Abingdon, who makes a rule of bestowing his best livings as marriage portions to the most virtuous young ladies in his diocese." Carlton spoke with more energy than was usual with him.
Charles answered, that he was not looking to the expediency or feasibility of the thing, but at what seemed to him best in itself, and what he could not help admiring. "I said nothing about the celibacy of clergy," he observed, "but of celibacy generally."
"Celibacy has no place in our idea or our system of religion, depend on it," said Carlton. "It is nothing to the purpose, whether there is anything in the Articles against it; it is not a question about formal enactments, but whether the genius of Anglicanism is not utterly at variance with it. The experience of three hundred years is surely abundant for our purpose; if we don"t know what our religion is in that time, what time will be long enough? there are forms of religion which have not lasted so long from first to last. Now enumerate the cases of celibacy for celibacy"s sake in that period, and what will be the sum total of them? Some instances there are; but even Hammond, who died unmarried, was going to marry, when his mother wished it. On the other hand, if you look out for types of our Church can you find truer than the married excellence of Hooker the profound, Taylor the devotional, and Bull the polemical? The very first reformed primate is married; in Pole and Parker, the two systems, Roman and Anglican, come into strong contrast."
"Well, it seems to me as much a yoke of bondage," said Charles, "to compel marriage as to compel celibacy, and that is what you are really driving at. You are telling me that any one is a black sheep who does not marry."
"Not a very practical difficulty to you at this moment," said Carlton; "no one is asking you to go about on Coelebs" mission just now, with Aristotle in hand and the cla.s.s-list in view."
"Well, excuse me," said Charles, "if I have said anything very foolish; you don"t suppose I argue on such subjects with others."
CHAPTER V.
They had by this time strolled as far as Carlton"s lodgings, where the books happened to be on which Charles was at that time more immediately employed; and they took two or three turns under some fine beeches which stood in front of the house before entering it.
"Tell me, Reding," said Carlton, "for really I don"t understand, what are your reasons for admiring what, in truth, is simply an unnatural state."
"Don"t let us talk more, my dear Carlton," answered Reding; "I shall go on making a fool of myself. Let well alone, or bad alone, pray do."
It was evident that there was some strong feeling irritating him inwardly; the manner and words were too serious for the occasion.
Carlton, too, felt strongly upon what seemed at first sight a very secondary question, or he would have let it alone, as Charles asked him.
"No; as we are on the subject, let me get at your view," said he. "It was said in the beginning, "Increase and multiply;" therefore celibacy is unnatural."
"Supernatural," said Charles, smiling.
"Is not that a word without an idea?" asked Carlton. "We are taught by Butler that there is an a.n.a.logy between nature and grace; else you might parallel paganism to nature, and where paganism is contrary to nature, say that it is supernatural. The Wesleyan convulsions are preternatural; why not supernatural?"
"I really think that our divines, or at least some of them, are on my side here," said Charles--"Jeremy Taylor, I believe."
"You have not told me what you mean by supernatural," said Carlton; "I want to get at what _you_ think, you know."
"It seems to me," said Charles, "that Christianity, being the perfection of nature, is both like it and unlike it;--like it, where it is the same or as much as nature; unlike it, where it is as much and more. I mean by supernatural the perfection of nature."
"Give me an instance," said Carlton.
"Why, consider, Carlton; our Lord says, "Ye have heard that it has been said of old time,--but _I_ say unto you;" that contrast denotes the more perfect way, or the gospel ... He came not to destroy, but to fulfil the law ... I can"t recollect of a sudden; ... oh, for instance, _this_ is a case in point; He abolished a permission which had been given to the Jews because of the hardness of their hearts."
"Not quite in point," said Carlton, "for the Jews, in their divorces, had fallen _below_ nature. "Let no man put asunder," was the rule in Paradise."
"Still, surely the idea of an Apostle, unmarried, pure, in fast and nakedness, and at length a martyr, is a higher idea than that of one of the old Israelites sitting under his vine and fig-tree, full of temporal goods, and surrounded by sons and grandsons. I am not derogating from Gideon or Caleb; I am adding to St. Paul."
"St. Paul"s is a very particular case," said Carlton.
"But he himself lays down the general maxim, that it is "good" for a man to continue as he was."
"There we come to a question of criticism, what "good" means: I may think it means "expedient," and what he says about the "present distress" confirms it."
"Well, I won"t go to criticism," said Charles; "take the text, "in sin hath my mother conceived me." Do not these words show that, over and above the doctrine of original sin, there is (to say the least) great risk of marriage leading to sin in married people?"
"My dear Reding," said Carlton, astonished, "you are running into Gnosticism."