"Why, what"s Rome to us?" asked Bateman; "we come from the old British Church; we don"t meddle with Rome, and we wish Rome not to meddle with us, but she will."
"Well," said Campbell, "you but read a bit of the history of the Reformation, and you will find that the doctrine that the Pope is Antichrist was the life of the movement."
"With Ultra-Protestants, not with us," answered Bateman.
"Such Ultra-Protestants as the writers of the Homilies," said Campbell; "but, I say again, I am not contending for names; I only mean, that as that doctrine was the life of the Reformation, so a belief, which I have and you too, that there is something bad, corrupt, perilous in the Church of Rome--that there is a spirit of Antichrist living in her, energizing in her, and ruling her--is necessary to a man"s being a good Anglican. You must believe this, or you ought to go to Rome."
"Impossible! my dear friend," said Bateman; "all our doctrine has been that Rome and we are sister Churches."
"I say," said Campbell, "that without this strong repulsion you will not withstand the great claims, the overcoming attractions, of the Church of Rome. She is our mother--oh, that word "mother!"--a mighty mother! She opens her arms--oh, the fragrance of that bosom! She is full of gifts--I feel it, I have long felt it. Why don"t I rush into her arms?
Because I feel that she is ruled by a spirit which is not she. But did that distrust of her go from me, was that certainty which I have of her corruption disproved, I should join her communion to-morrow."
"This is not very edifying doctrine for Reding," thought Bateman. "Oh, my good Campbell," he said, "you are paradoxical to-day."
"Not a bit of it," answered Campbell; "our Reformers felt that the only way in which they could break the tie of allegiance which bound us to Rome was the doctrine of her serious corruption. And so it is with our divines. If there is one doctrine in which they agree, it is that Rome is Antichrist, or an Antichrist. Depend upon it, that doctrine is necessary for our position."
"I don"t quite understand that language," said Reding; "I see it is used in various publications. It implies that controversy is a game, and that disputants are not looking out for truth, but for arguments."
"You must not mistake me, Mr. Reding," answered Campbell; "all I mean is, that you have no leave to trifle with your conviction that Rome is antichristian, if you think so. For if it _is_ so, it is necessary to _say_ so. A poet says, "Speak _gently_ of our sister"s _fall_:" no, if it is a fall, we must not speak gently of it. At first one says, "So great a Church! who am I, to speak against her?" Yes, you must, if your view of her is true: "Tell truth and shame the Devil." Recollect you don"t use your own words; you are sanctioned, protected by all our divines. You must, else you can give no sufficient reason for not joining the Church of Rome. You must speak out, not what you _don"t_ think, but what you _do_ think, _if_ you do think it."
"Here"s a doctrine!" thought Charles; "why it"s putting the controversy into a nutsh.e.l.l."
Bateman interposed. "My dear Campbell," he said, "you are behind the day. We have given up all that abuse against Rome."
"Then the party is not so clever as I give them credit for being,"
answered Campbell; "be sure of this,--those who have given up their protests against Rome, either are looking towards her, or have no eyes to see."
"All we say," answered Bateman, "is, as I said before, that _we_ don"t wish to interfere with Rome; _we_ don"t anathematize Rome--Rome anathematizes _us_."
"It won"t do," said Campbell; "those who resolve to remain in our Church, and are using sweet words of Romanism, will be forced back upon their proper ground in spite of themselves, and will get no thanks for their pains. No man can serve two masters; either go to Rome, or condemn Rome. For me, the Romish Church has a great deal in it which I can"t get over; and thinking so, much as I admire it in parts, I can"t help speaking, I can"t help it. It would not be honest, and it would not be consistent."
"Well, he has ended better than he began," thought Bateman; and he chimed in, "Oh yes, true, too true; it"s painful to see it, but there"s a great deal in the Church of Rome which no man of plain sense, no reader of the Fathers, no Scripture student, no true member of the Anglo-Catholic Church can possibly stomach." This put a corona on the discussion; and the rest of the dinner pa.s.sed off pleasantly indeed, but not very intellectually.
CHAPTER XVI.
After dinner it occurred to them that the subject of Gregorians and Gothic had been left in the lurch. "How in the world did we get off it?"
asked Charles.
"Well, at least, we have found it," said Bateman; "and I really should like to hear what you have to say upon it, Campbell."
"Oh, really, Bateman," answered he, "I am quite sick of the subject; every one seems to me to be going into extremes: what"s the good of arguing about it? you won"t agree with me."
"I don"t see that at all," answered Bateman; "people often think they differ, merely because they have not courage to talk to each other."
"A good remark," thought Charles; "what a pity that Bateman, with so much sense, should have so little common sense!"
"Well, then," said Campbell, "my quarrel with Gothic and Gregorians, when coupled together, is, that they are two ideas, not one. Have figured music in Gothic churches, keep your Gregorian for basilicas."
"My good Campbell," said Bateman, "you seem oblivious that Gregorian chants and hymns have always accompanied Gothic aisles, Gothic copes, Gothic mitres, and Gothic chalices."
"Our ancestors did what they could," answered Campbell; "they were great in architecture, small in music. They could not use what was not yet invented. They sang Gregorians because they had not Palestrina."
"A paradox, a paradox!" cried Bateman.
"Surely there is a close connexion," answered Campbell, "between the rise and nature of the basilica and of Gregorian unison. Both existed before Christianity; both are of Pagan origin; both were afterwards consecrated to the service of the Church."
"Pardon me," interrupted Bateman, "Gregorians were Jewish, not Pagan."
"Be it so, for argument sake," said Campbell; "still, at least, they were not of Christian origin. Next, both the old music and the old architecture were inartificial and limited, as methods of exhibiting their respective arts. You can"t have a large Grecian temple, you can"t have a long Gregorian _Gloria_."
"Not a long one!" said Bateman; "why there"s poor Willis used to complain how tedious the old Gregorian compositions were abroad."
"I don"t explain myself," answered Campbell; "of course you may produce them to any length, but merely by addition, not by carrying on the melody. You can put two together, and then have one twice as long as either. But I speak of a musical piece, which must of course be the natural development of certain ideas, with one part depending on another. In like manner, you might make an Ionic temple twice as long or twice as wide as the Parthenon; but you would lose the beauty of proportion by doing so. This, then, is what I meant to say of the primitive architecture and the primitive music, that they soon come to their limit; they soon are exhausted, and can do nothing more. If you attempt more, it"s like taxing a musical instrument beyond its powers."
"You but try, Bateman," said Reding, "to make a ba.s.s play quadrilles, and you will see what is meant by taxing an instrument."
"Well, I have heard Lindley play all sorts of quick tunes on his ba.s.s,"
said Bateman, "and most wonderful it is."
"Wonderful is the right word," answered Reding; "it is very wonderful.
You say, "How _can_ he manage it?" and "It"s very wonderful for a ba.s.s;"
but it is not pleasant in itself. In like manner, I have always felt a disgust when Mr. So-and-so comes forward to make his sweet flute bleat and bray like a hautbois; it"s forcing the poor thing to do what it was never made for."
"This is literally true as regards Gregorian music," said Campbell; "instruments did not exist in primitive times which could execute any other. But I am speaking under correction; Mr. Reding seems to know more about the subject than I do."
"I have always understood, as you say," answered Charles, "modern music did not come into existence till after the powers of the violin became known. Corelli himself, who wrote not two hundred years ago, hardly ventures on the shift. The piano, again, I have heard, has almost given birth to Beethoven."
"Modern music, then, could not be in ancient times, for want of modern instruments," said Campbell; "and, in like manner, Gothic architecture could not exist until vaulting was brought to perfection. Great mechanical inventions have taken place, both in architecture and in music, since the age of basilicas and Gregorians; and each science has gained by it."
"It is curious enough," said Reding, "one thing I have been accustomed to say, quite falls in with this view of yours. When people who are not musicians have accused Handel and Beethoven of not being _simple_, I have always said, "Is Gothic architecture _simple_?" A cathedral expresses one idea, but it is indefinitely varied and elaborated in its parts; so is a symphony or quartett of Beethoven."
"Certainly, Bateman, you must tolerate Pagan architecture, or you must in consistency exclude Pagan or Jewish Gregorians," said Campbell; "you must tolerate figured music, or reprobate tracery windows."
"And which are you for," asked Bateman, "Gothic with Handel, or Roman with Gregorians?"
"For both in their place," answered Campbell. "I exceedingly prefer Gothic architecture to cla.s.sical. I think it the one true child and development of Christianity; but I won"t, for that reason, discard the Pagan style which has been sanctified by eighteen centuries, by the exclusive love of many Christian countries, and by the sanction of a host of saints. I am for toleration. Give Gothic an ascendancy; be respectful towards cla.s.sical."
The conversation slackened. "Much as I like modern music," said Charles, "I can"t quite go the length to which your doctrine would lead me. I cannot, indeed, help liking Mozart; but surely his music is not religious."
"I have not been speaking in defence of particular composers," said Campbell; "figured music may be right, yet Mozart or Beethoven inadmissible. In like manner, you don"t suppose, because I tolerate Roman architecture, that therefore I like naked cupids to stand for cherubs, and sprawling women for the cardinal virtues." He paused.
"Besides," he added, "as you were saying yourself just now, we must consult the genius of our country and the religious a.s.sociations of our people."
"Well," said Bateman, "I think the perfection of sacred music is Gregorian set to harmonies; there you have the glorious old chants, and just a little modern richness."
"And I think it just the worst of all," answered Campbell; "it is a mixture of two things, each good in itself, and incongruous together.