The art and science of lucid dreaming, as readers of this book will be aware, is still in its infancy. Although we have learned enough about this extraordinary state of consciousness to be intrigued by its exciting potential, there is much more yet to be discovered. Much of this exploration can be carried out by adventurous individuals, developing and testing techniques for traveling in and using this new world of lucid dreaming. Other work requires modern technology, though there are as yet only a few laboratories engaged in this endeavor. One of these is the Stanford University Sleep Research Center, where we currently have a three part research program in progress with the following major goals:
To further investigate the phenomenology and physiology of lucid dreaming.
To develop improved techniques for inducing, stabilizing, and utilizing lucid dreams.
To continue to map the psychophysiological relationships within REM connecting subjectively experienced dream events and objectively measured physiological processes.
An Invitation
We are seeking financial support for our research and would welcome your fund-raising ideas and inquiries. If you would like to become involved in the exploration of lucid dreaming, there are several ways you can partic.i.p.ate. If you contact us at the address below, we will be able to inform you about the various activities in which you may partic.i.p.ate, such as correspondence courses, lectures, weekend workshops, and research projects. We look forward to hearing from you. Please write to:
Lucidity Project P.O. Box 2364 Stanford, CA 94305
Notes.
Chapter 1.
Sparrow, G. S., Lucid Dreaming: The Dawning of the Clear Light (Virginia Beach: A.R.E. Press, 1976), pp. 26-27.
Tulku, T., Openness Mind (Berkeley: Dharma Publishing, 1978), p. 74.
Shah, I., Wisdom of the Idiots (New York: Dutton, 1971), pp. 122-23.
Tulku, op. cit., p. 77.
Fabricius, J., "The symbol of the self in the alchemical "proiectio,"" Journal of a.n.a.lytical Psychology, 18 (1973): 41-58.
Chapter 2.
Aristotle, On Dreams, from Hutchings, R. M., ed., Great Books of the Western World, vol. 8 (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952), pp. 702-06.
Kelsey, M. T., G.o.d, Dreams and Revelation (New York: Augsburg, 1974), p. 264-265.
Evans-Wentz, W. Y., Tibetan Yoga and Secret Doctrines (London: Oxford University Press, 1935), pp. 221-22.
deBecker, R., The Understanding of Dreams (London: Allen & Unwin, 1965), p. 153.
Shah, I., The Sufis (London: Octagon Press, 1964), p. 141.
Aquinas, St. Thomas, Summa Theologica, vol. 1 (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1947), p. 430.
Freud, S., The Interpretation of Dreams (New York: Avon Books, 1965), p. 93.
Saint-Denys, H., Dreams and How to Guide Them (London: Duckworth, 1982).
Freud, op. cit., p. 93.
McCreery, C., Psychical Phenomena and the Physical World (Oxford: Inst.i.tute of Psychophysical Research, 1973), p. 88.
Myers, F. W. H., "Automatic Writing-3," Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 4, part II (1887): 241-42.
Mach, E., The a.n.a.lysis of the Sensations, 2nd ed. (Jena: Fisher, 1900), pp. 114-15.
deBecker, op. cit., p. 139.
Freud, op cit., p. 611.
Ibid.
Ibid.
van Eeden, F., "A study of dreams," Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research 26 (1913): 431-61.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Green, C., Lucid Dreams (Oxford: Inst.i.tute for Psychophysical Research, 1968), pp. 142-43.
Arnold-Forster, M., Studies in Dreams (London: Allen & Unwin, 1921), p. x.
Fox, O., Astral Projection (New Hyde Park, N.Y.: University Books, 1962), pp. 32-33.
Ibid., p. 34.
Ouspensky, P., A New Model of the Universe (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1931, 1960), p. 272.
Ibid., p. 274.
Ibid., p. 279-80.
Moers-Messmer, H. von, "Traume mit der gleichzeitigen Erkenntnis des Traumzustandes," Archiv fur Psychologie, 102 (1938): 291-318. (Translated by Beth Mugge.) Ibid.
Ibid.
Rapport, N., "Pleasant Dreams!" Psychiatric Quarterly22 (1948): 309-17.
Chapter 3.
Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N.; and Hobart, G., "Cerebral states during sleep as studied by human brain potentials," Journal of Experiential Psychology, 21 (1937): 127-44.
Blake, H; Gerard, R. W.; and Kleitman, N., "Factors influencing brain potentials during sleep," Journal of Neurophysiology 2 (1939): 48-60.
Aserinsky, E. and Kleitman, N., "Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concomitant phenomena during sleep," Science, 118 (1953): 273-74.
Vogel, G.; Foulkes, D.; and Trosman, H., "Ego functions and dreaming during sleep onset," Archives of General Psychiatry 14 (1966): 238-48.
Named in honor of radio pioneer Heinrich R. Hertz, the Hertz is today the internationally accepted unit of frequency equivalent to cycles per second.
Green, C., The Decline and Fall of Science (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1976), p. 109.
Ibid.,p. 110-11.
Faraday, A., The Dream Game (New York: Harper & Row, 1976), p. 263.
DeMille, R. E., Castaneda"s Journey: The Power and the Allegory (Santa Barbara: Capra Press, 1976).
Tact usually prevents me from giving expression to these latter reflections publicly. However, fictional characters have no need to mince words, and several years ago, when I asked "don Juan" what he thought of the latest Carlos Castaneda book, The Eagle"s Gift, he laughed uncontrollably and bluntly replied: "Bird droppings." I hope Dr. Castaneda, the author, appreciates the sense of humor he gave his creation. But then, as the saying goes, "None learned the art of archery from me who did not make me, in the end, their target."
Malcolm, N., Dreaming (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1959).
Ibid., p. 48-50 Ibid., p. 50.
Hartmann, E., "Dreams and other hallucinations: an approach to the underlying mechanism," from Siegal, R. K. and West, L. J., eds., Hallucinations (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1975), p. 74.
Berger, R., Psychosis: The Circularity of Experience (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1977), p. 121.
Rechtschaffen, A., "The single-mindedness and isolation of dreams," Sleep 1 (1978): 97-109.
Dement, W., "Report IV(B): Comments to Report IV" from Lairy, G. C., and Salzarilo, P., eds., The Experimental Study of Human Sleep: Methodological Problems (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1975), p. 290.
Schwartz, B. A. and Lefebvre, A., "Contacts veille/P.M.O. II. Les P.M.O. morcelees." Revue d"Electroencephalographie et de Neurophysiologie Clinique 1 (1973): 165-76.
The APSS changed its name to the SRS (Sleep Research Society) in 1983, and back to the APSS in 1986.
Foulkes, D. and Griffen, M., "An experimental study of "creative dreaming," " Sleep Research, 5 (1976): 129; Griffen, M. and Foulkes, D., "Deliberate presleep control of dream content: An experimental study," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 45 (1977): 660-62.
Ogilvie, R.; Hunt, H.; Sawicki, C.; and McGowan, K., "Searching for lucid dreams," Sleep Research, 7 (1978): 165.
Tart had not thought of using lucid dreamers as on-the-scene reporters from the dream world. This addition was in fact proposed by Celia Green, in Lucid Dreams (Oxford: Inst.i.tute for Psychophysical Research, 1968), p. 130.
Roffwarg, H.; Dement, W.; Muzio, J.; and Fisher, C., "Dream imagery: Relationship to rapid eye movements of sleep," Archives of General Psychology, 7 (1962): 235-58.
LaBerge, S., "Lucid dreaming: some personal observations," Sleep Research, 8 (1979): 158.
Worsley, A., Personal communication, 1981.
Worsley, A., "Personal experiences of lucid dreaming," from Gackenbach, J. I. and LaBerge, S. P., eds., Lucid Dreaming: New Research on Consciousness During Sleep (New York: Plenum, in press.)
Chapter 4.
Hall, C., "Do we dream during sleep? Evidence for the Goblot hypothesis," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 53 (1981): 239-46.
LaBerge, S. P. "Psychological parallelism in lucid dreams," from Ahsen, A.; Dolan, A. T.; and Jordan C. S., eds., Handbook of Imagery Research and Practice (New York: Brandon House, in press).
LaBerge, S. P. and Dement, W. C., "Voluntary control of respiration during REM sleep," Sleep Research, 11(1982): 107.
LaBerge, S. P. and Dement, W. C., "Lateralization of alpha activity for dreamed singing and counting during REM sleep," Psychophysiology, 19 (1982): 331-32.
LaBerge, S. P.; Greenleaf, W.; and Kedzierski, B., "Physiological responses to dreamed s.e.xual activity during lucid REM sleep," Psychophysiology, 20 (1983): 454-55.