The gun sling can also be used in this manner with advantage in the other positions.
=Section 8. Calling the shot.=
It is evident that the sights should be so adjusted at each range that the rifle will hit where you aim. In order to determine that the sights are so adjusted, it is necessary that you shall know each time just where you were aiming on the target at the instant your rifle was discharged. If you know this and your rifle hits this point, your rifle is correctly sighted. If your shot does not hit near this point, you should change your sight adjustment in accordance with the table of sight corrections on page 191.
No man can hold absolutely steady. The rifle trembles slightly, and the sights seem to wabble and move over the target. You try to squeeze off the last ounce of the trigger squeeze just as the sights move to the desired alignment under the bull"s-eye. At this instant, just before the recoil blots out a view of the sights and target, you should catch with your eye a picture, as it were, of just where on the target your sights were aligned, and call to yourself or to the coach this point. This point is where your shot should strike if your sights are correctly adjusted and if you have squeezed the trigger without disturbing your aim. Until a man can call his shots he is not a good shot, for he can never tell if his rifle is sighted right or not, or if a certain shot is a good one or only the result of luck.
=Section 9. Coordination.=
Good marksmanship consists in learning thoroughly the details of--
Holding the rifle in the various positions.
Aiming.
Squeezing the trigger.
Calling the shot.
Adjusting the sights.
And when these have been mastered in detail then the coordination of them in the act of firing. This coordination consists in putting absolutely all of one"s will power into an effort to hold the rifle steadily, especially in getting it to steady down when the aim is perfected; in getting the trigger squeezed off easily at the instant the rifle is steadiest and the aim perfected; in calling the shot at this instant; and if the shot does not hit near the point called, then in adjusting the sights the correct amount so that the rifle will be sighted to hit where you aim.
=Section 10. Advice to riflemen.=
Before going to the range clean the rifle carefully, removing every trace of oil from the bore. This can best be done with a rag saturated with gasoline. Put a light coat of oil on the bolt and cams. Blacken the front and rear sights with smoke from a burning candle or camphor or with liquid sight black.
Look through the bore and see that there is no obstruction in it.
Keep the rifle off the ground; the stock may absorb dampness, the sights may be injured, or the muzzle filled with dirt.
Watch your hold carefully and be sure to know where the line of sight is at discharge. It is only in this way that the habit of calling shots, which is essential to good shooting, can be acquired.
Study the conditions, adjust the sling, and set the sight before going to the firing point.
Look at the sight adjustment before each shot and see that it has not changed.
If sure of your hold and if the hit is not as called, determine and make FULL correction in elevation and windage to put the next shot in the bull"s-eye.
Keep a written record of the weather conditions and the corresponding elevation and windage for each day"s firing.
Less elevation will generally be required on hot days; on wet days; in a bright sunlight; with a 6 o"clock wind; or with a cold barrel.
More elevation will generally be required on cold days; on very dry days; with a 12 o"clock wind; with a hot barrel; in a dull or cloudy light.
The upper band should not be tight enough to bind the barrel.
Do not put a cartridge into the chamber until ready to fire. Do not place cartridges in the sun. They will get hot and shoot high.
Do not rub the eyes--especially the sighting eye.
In cold weather warm the trigger hand before shooting.
After shooting, clean the rifle carefully and then oil it to prevent rust.
Have a strong, clean cloth that will not tear and jam, properly cut to size, for use in cleaning.
Always clean the rifle from the breech, using a bra.s.s cleaning rod when available. An injury to the rifling at the muzzle causes the piece to shoot very irregularly.
Regular physical exercise, taken systematically, will cause a marked improvement in shooting.
Frequent practice of the "Position and aiming drills" and gallery practice are of the greatest help in preparing for shooting on the range.
=Rapid firing=: Success in rapid firing depends upon catching a quick and accurate aim, holding the piece firmly and evenly, and in squeezing the trigger without a jerk.
In order to give as much time as possible for aiming accurately, the soldier must practice taking position, loading with the clip, and working the bolt, so that no time will be lost in these operations.
With constant practice all these movements may be made quickly and without false motions.
When the bolt handle is raised, it must be done with enough force to start the sh.e.l.l from the chamber; and when the bolt is pulled back it must be with sufficient force to throw the empty sh.e.l.l well away from the chamber and far enough to engage the next cartridge.
In loading, use force enough to load each cartridge with one motion.
The aim must be caught quickly, and, once caught, must be held and the trigger squeezed steadily. Rapid firing, as far as holding, aim, and squeezing the trigger are concerned, should be done with all the precision of slow fire. The gain in time should be in getting ready to fire, loading, and working the bolt.
=Firing with rests=: In order that the shooting may be uniform the piece should always be rested at the same point.
=Section 11. The course in small-arms firing.=
The course in small-arms firing consists of--
(_a_) Nomenclature and care of rifle.
(_b_) Sighting drills.
(_c_) Position and aiming drills.
(_d_) Deflection and elevation correction drills.
(_e_) Gallery practice.
(_f_) Estimating distance drill.
(_g_) Individual known-distance firing, instruction practice.
(_h_) Individual known-distance firing, record practice.
(_i_) Long-distance practice.
(_j_) Practice with telescopic sights.
(_k_) Instruction combat practice.
(_l_) Combat practice.
(_m_) Proficiency test.
The regulations governing these are found in Small Arms Firing Manual, 1913. There should be several copies of this manual in every troop.
=Section 12. Targets.=