Duc d"Angouleme is completely sick, and the present plan is, that if they can get the King at liberty, he is to convene a general Cortes, and the French are to leave them and him to make a const.i.tution, withdrawing all their troops ... except 25,000, who are to form an ech.e.l.lon of communication between Bayonne and Madrid. This seems to me _most infernal nonsense_, too absurd to be ever entertained by the French Cabinet, though they think it may pa.s.s upon us, and therefore hold this language to Stuart.
Ever affectionately yours,
C. W. W.
You have, of course, long heard of Lord Fitzwilliam"s nuptials. I wonder how they have kept out of the newspaper.
The appropriate remark is that "it is a very sensible marriage;" to which it is to be replied, "because the senses have nothing to do with it."
[119] Lord Eldon.
On the 16th of July, during a debate in the House of Commons on the subject of Scotch Appeals, Mr. Brougham afforded great amus.e.m.e.nt to that a.s.sembly by drawing a vivid but somewhat sarcastic picture of the state of the Government. "As to Lord Liverpool being Prime Minister,"
observed the learned gentleman, "he is no more Prime Minister than I am. I reckon Lord Liverpool a sort of member of Opposition; and after what has recently pa.s.sed, if I were required I should designate him as "a n.o.ble lord in another place with whom I have the honour to act."
Lord Liverpool may have collateral influence, but Lord Eldon has all the direct influence of the Prime Minister. He is Prime Minister to all intents and purposes, and he stands alone in the full exercise of all the influence of that high situation."[120]
[120] Hansard.
In this strain the orator proceeded, claiming Lord Liverpool as a coadjutor because both opposed the measures of the Lord Chancellor.
Lord Eldon did not at all relish the joke, perhaps because it was not at the expense of the Grenvilles, and soon afterwards again expressed his intention to resign. This had been repeated so often that it elicited the following squib:--
"The Chancellor vows he"ll depart, as they say (So Derry sometimes, if his crew disobey), But when his resigning a minister mentions, We think how h.e.l.l"s paved with mankind"s good intentions; For still being in, though so oft going out, We feel much inclined, like his lordship--to doubt."
Parliament was prorogued on the 19th of July, apparently equally to the relief of the Government and the Opposition. A great variety of subjects had been discussed, including the pretended claims of Olivia Serres, self-styled Princess of c.u.mberland, but little practical good had been effected, and the Ministers were not gaining the confidence of the country or strengthening their own position. The King, too, was losing the popularity he had gained since the Queen"s death, by his endeavours to remove himself as much as possible from the public gaze.
The Duke of Buckingham"s correspondents kept him fully informed on these and all other topics of interest.
THE RIGHT HON. W. H. FREMANTLE TO THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.
Englefield Green, July 27, 1823.
MY DEAR DUKE,
I perfectly agree with you in thinking that Canning only waits the opportunity of tripping us up, and this is only to be resisted by a steady line of conduct on our parts, pursuing and maintaining the system as it is now carrying on towards Ireland, until we see the opportunity, by the accordance of other members of the Government, to meet him with the certainty of success. The complete ascendancy which both Robinson and Peel have acquired over him in the House of Commons, but more particularly the former, must weaken his means of playing us a trick, which I am satisfied he is fully disposed to do whenever he can find the opportunity.
I don"t agree with you at all about Lord Hastings; be a.s.sured there is not the most distant idea of sending him to Ireland. I am quite sure Canning distrusts and hates him too much to employ him if it be possible to keep him out, and I do not understand his reception at head quarters has been such as to satisfy him, or give him the hopes of employment. He is very low and disappointed, and is immediately going out of town. He has been profusely civil and attentive to Wynn, but is not come in the highest odour either with the Government or Court of Directors. His conduct about the Press in India has been flagrant, and since his departure Adams has sent home the editor of the Calcutta paper, who has been bullying them for the last five years, and whom Lord Hastings has never had the courage to resist, but, on the contrary, has frequently defended him against his own colleagues in council. This will make a very considerable and difficult discussion in Parliament next year, and I much fear that our Cabinet at home will not have courage to fight the battle manfully; I have no hesitation in thinking with Adams that the fate of India depends on the power of checking the press in that country.
The King has had a party with him for the last two days at the Cottage here, and by all accounts is well in health, but most averse to going to sea; whether they will persuade him or not remains to be proved. Lady C---- is very anxious he should, in order to get some holidays, and I believe Knighton likewise presses it. In the meantime he is injuring himself greatly in public opinion by his seclusion; he professes to be so ill he cannot go to his Parliament or stir out in public in London, and then comes here, and sees forty or fifty people, and is driving all day in the park. The real fact is, they cannot manage him; his mind becomes daily more capricious, and his indisposition to public display or communication of any kind, increasing upon him to an extreme degree. The people at Windsor are outrageous; for he has shut up the terrace and all the public walks, and is doing everything to render himself unpopular with them.
Lionel Harvey is going on a secret mission to Mexico. What is to be derived from it I have little guess; but there is every reason to believe that France has sent somebody there, and there is no doubt that America will endeavour, or has already got, the start of Europe upon it. Canning is very anxious not to lose the moment; and I suppose that this must be the prelude of our admitting the independence of South America; however, the mission is secret, but he is commissioned, and has the rank of Minister Plenipotentiary.
It is a long and desolate prospect, but the scene will be new. He is not quite reconciled to it, but having no better prospect, I think he has done wise in accepting it; they give him two secretaries. I would not wish you to mention this appointment. I find Canning is by no means of opinion that France has or will succeed in her efforts in Spain; at least, this was the tone of his language to Lionel, who saw him yesterday. I hear from Wynn that the grand attack on Cadiz was expected to take place between the 25th and 30th July.
Ever, my dear Duke,
Most faithfully yours,
W. H. FREMANTLE.
Mr. Thomas Grenville was one of the most liberal collectors of rare books at a time when bibliomania was much more in fashion than it is now. The following is a characteristic specimen of his powers of observation when directed to his favourite pursuit:--
THE RIGHT HON. THOMAS GRENVILLE TO THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.
Cleveland Square, July 30, 1823.
MY DEAR DUKE,
I have just been collating two copies of the "Sacra Exequialia in Funere Jacobi II.--a Carolo de Aquino. Fol. Romae 1702." Whether you have this book or not, you certainly have in your Granger the famous print (belonging to this book) of a head of the _Pretender_, by _Edelinck_, _aetatis suae_ 12. In one of my copies (the presentation copy to the King of France or one of the French Royal Family) below the head, upon a _tablet_, is engraved "Cognosc.u.n.t mei me," and in the corner of the tablet "aetatis suae 12;" and on each side of the tablet is a circular _medallion_, one of which is _a library_ with "Litteris Insignis" round it. The other _medallion_ is a _man firing at a wild boar_, with "Et Armis" round it. In the _centre of the large circle_ which surrounds the head, and just above the tablet, is a _large medallion_, with the sun behind a cloud, and round it "Et latet et lucet." In the other copy, the same print (with Edelinck"s name and "aetatis suae 12," in the corner of the tablet, like the other), has these variations.
The _large medallion_ above the tablet has the "Arms of England with a crown."
The _tablet_ has no inscription, but is left blank, except that it has in the corner "aetatis suae 12."
The _two small medallions_ have, one of them, the Prince"s plume, with _Ich dien_; the other, the Order of the Garter, with _Honi soit qui mal y pense_.
These differences are remarkable, and as I have found no account of them, and understand the print is rare and dear, I send to you for information about them.
In my "royal copy, with the French royal arms," the impression of the head seems much finer than the other, which has the English emblems in the medallions. Perhaps they were subsequently inserted; but why, then, was "Cognosc.u.n.t mei me," taken out and the tablet left blank? Was it intended perhaps to insert his royal t.i.tles, and if so, why were they omitted, when the English arms were subst.i.tuted for the allegorical medallions? I know, when you are among your prints, these inquiries, however minute, are interesting to you.
I know no news except the Spanish and Portuguese finale to their revolutions, which, inasmuch as they were both military and not civil revolutions, I could not wish success to, though I feel as adverse to the French dictation and invasion as any Spaniard could do. Love to your dear wife.
Ever most affectionately yours,
T. G.
Miss Poyntz has just refused Lord Apsley; who the deuce will she marry?
Mr. Canning had by this time made good his position at Court, by coming to an understanding with the most influential channel of Court favour.
The Scottish preacher, Irving, the Spurgeon of his day, indicated her presence among his fashionable audience by a very delicate piece of flattery. "All the world here," writes the indignant Lord Chancellor, "is running on Sundays to the Caledonian Chapel in Hatton Garden, where they bear a Presbyterian orator from Scotland preaching, as some ladies term it, _charming_ matter, though downright nonsense. To the shame of the King"s Ministers be it said, that many of them have gone to this schism-shop with itching ears. Lauderdale told me that when Lady ---- is there, the preacher never speaks of an heavenly mansion, but an heavenly _Pavilion_. For other ears mansion is sufficient."[121]
[121] Twiss"s "Life of Lord Eldon," vol. ii. p. 86.
"The appointment of Lord Albert Conyngham in the Foreign Office," we are a.s.sured by the same writer, "has, by female influence, put Canning beyond the reach of anything to affect him, and will naturally enable him to turn those out whom he does not wish to remain in. The King is in such thraldom that one has n.o.body to fall back upon."[122]
[122] Ibid., p. 87.
The autumn did not bring any very important changes, as may be gathered from the text of Mr. Williams Wynn"s next letter. Towards the conclusion the writer refers to communications from Count Nugent to the Duke of Buckingham, and to a reply which the Duke had proposed sending, evidently referring to Austrian policy, and written with the view of being laid before the Emperor.
THE RIGHT HON. CHARLES W. WYNN TO THE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.
LlanG.o.dwin, Aug. 20, 1823.
MY DEAR B----,
I certainly cannot conceive from what source the article in the _Courier_ so tallying with my language can proceed, unless it should be from Phillimore or Courtenay; for there are no other persons besides you and the Duke of Wellington and Lord Liverpool, with whom I have had any communication on the subject; and the two latter are much too well inclined to Lord Hastings, or to anybody whom they think the King feels any interest for, to have expressed those sentiments to any one who might transfer them to the _Courier_.