Footnote 66: A nickname given to the emigrant officers.(Back to main text)
Footnote 67: He had just been appointed to the command of the advanced guard.(Back to main text)
Footnote 68: Napoleon had already given similar orders to General Cambronne. The following is his letter, which I reproach myself with not having quoted. "General Cambronne, to you I entrust my n.o.blest campaign: all the French expect me with impatience: every where you will find none but friends: do not fire a single musket; I will not have my crown cost the French a drop of blood."(Back to main text)
Footnote 69: Napoleon was a fatalist, and superst.i.tious; and made no secret of it. He believed in lucky and unlucky days. We might be astonished at this weakness, if we did not know, that it was common to the greatest men both of ancient and modern times.(Back to main text)
Footnote 70: This was Napoleon"s favourite compliment. The fonder he was of a person, the more he gave him, and the harder he struck.(Back to main text)
Footnote 71: The Duke of Vicenza, convinced of the inutility of the efforts Napoleon might make, to establish any diplomatic connexion with foreign powers, refused to accept the post. The Emperor offered it to M. Mole. M. Mole objected, that he was an entire stranger to diplomacy, and requested Napoleon, to make another choice. Napoleon and his other ministers were then so pressing with the Duke of Vicenza, that he considered it his duty to yield. He would have preferred the Emperor"s giving him a command in the army, where he would at least have found an opportunity of usefully serving his country and the Emperor.
The ministry of the interior, intended at first for M. Costaz, was also offered to M. Mole, and ultimately given to M. Carnot, at the recommendation of the Duke of Ba.s.sano.
The Emperor was not pleased with the obstinate refusals of M. Mole: he was fond of his name, and valued his talents. He had intended to appoint him governor of the Imperial Prince; and it was to this intention that M. Mole was chiefly indebted for the high rank, to which he had been so rapidly raised.
Nevertheless M. Mole solicited and obtained the general superintendance of highways and bridges, a post which he occupied in 1813, before he was appointed minister of justice.(Back to main text)
Footnote 72:
"Make him, nor think his genius check"d, A herald, or an architect."-Gay.(Back to main text)
Footnote 73: General Le Tort"s address to the King.(Back to main text)
Footnote 74: "In all ages the poor have suffered for the faults of the great."(Back to main text)
Footnote 75: He constantly refused the emoluments and allowances of considerable offices, attached to the rank of major-general of the guards. The appointments of a lieutenant-general and aide-de-camp appeared to him, to pay him more than his services deserved.(Back to main text)
Footnote 76: I cannot avoid remarking the beauty of this pa.s.sage.(Back to main text)
Footnote 77: The king departed with such suddenness, that he had not time to carry away his private papers. In his writing table was found his family port-folio. It contained a great number of letters from Madame the d.u.c.h.ess of Angouleme, and from some of the princes. Napoleon cast his eye over several of them, and gave me the port-folio, with orders, that it should be scrupulously preserved. Napoleon would have respect paid to royal majesty, and to every thing that pertained to the person of kings.
The king habitually used a small table, that he had brought from Hartwell. Napoleon took pleasure in writing on it for a few hours: he afterwards ordered it to be removed, and the greatest care to be taken of it.
The Merlin"s chair used by the king, not being suited to Napoleon, whose limbs and health were in full strength and vigour, was banished to the back closet. Some person being found sitting in it, when the Emperor pa.s.sed through unexpectedly, he gave him an angry look, and the chair was removed.
One of his valets de chambre, thinking to please him, ventured to place over his mantel-piece some insulting caricatures of the Bourbons: these he disdainfully threw into the fire, and severely enjoined the valet, never in future to be guilty of such an impertinence.(Back to main text)
Footnote 78:
"If we sometimes play the fool, Reason should resume her rule."(Back to main text)
Footnote 79: I have been a.s.sured, that Napoleon in his youth composed a history of Paoli, and of the war of liberty: may he realize the design of writing the history of his own reign, for the instruction of future ages! This reign is so fertile in extraordinary events, and unforeseen catastrophes, and displays to our view such numerous examples of human vicissitudes, that its history may supply the place of all others, and become itself alone a lesson for kings and people.(Back to main text)
Footnote 80: This decree, and all those previously dated from the palace of the Tuileries, contained no t.i.tle but simply that of "Emperor of the French." The "&c. &c.," noticed with anxiety in the proclamations and decrees from Lyons, were suppressed. They had been inserted without reflection, without object, and merely from custom. The Emperor, too, would not have his familiar letters continue to be concluded in the usual form: "On which I pray G.o.d, to have you in his holy keeping, &c." "All those antiquated things," said he, "must be laid aside; they are well enough for kings by the grace of G.o.d."(Back to main text)
Footnote 81: Never, in fact, at any period of the revolution, did writers enjoy such complete liberty and impunity. The seizure of the Censeur Europeen, which made such noise, was the work of M. Fouche. The Emperor knew nothing of this infringement of the law, till it had been carried into effect; and he immediately ordered, that the copies seized should be returned to the editors of the Censeur, and that they should be at liberty to circulate them freely.(Back to main text)
Footnote 82: The audience was to take place at noon; and at nine o"clock his Majesty had not prepared his answers. They were dictated in haste, and we had scarcely time to copy them out fairly.(Back to main text)
Footnote 83: I am speaking here only of the addresses of bodies corporate, and of certain generals and prefects.(Back to main text)
Footnote 84: We have no single word in our language answering to this: it implies one who undertakes works of different kinds, including our architect and civil engineer.-Tr.(Back to main text)
Footnote 85: It was this mission, that became the source of the disgrace, in which the marshal lived, till the day of his being recalled to the army. The Emperor had ordered him, to set off immediately: he answered, that he could not go, till he was paid some twenty thousand francs, which were owing to him. The Emperor, swearing, ordered them to be paid.
The next day General Le Courbe, to whom the Emperor had just entrusted an important command, wrote to him, to demand several favours, and in addition a hundred and fifty thousand francs, as arrears of pay, in order to discharge his debts.
Two other generals, less known, were equally desirous of being paid for their services. He was disgusted at their claims. "Do these men think," said he, "that I throw away my money? I am not inclined to suffer myself to be plundered like Henry IV; if they be not inclined to fight, let them put on petticoats, and go and take an airing."(Back to main text)
Footnote 86: I regret, that I did not learn his name.(Back to main text)
Footnote 87: The fortress in which the garrison was quartered.(Back to main text)
Footnote 88: She set off in the evening for Pouillac; where, having bidden adieu to the volunteer cavalry, who had escorted her, she went on board an English vessel, and sailed for England on the 2d of April.(Back to main text)
Footnote 89: Report of General Ernouf.(Back to main text)
Footnote 90: The diamonds that were sought to be obtained in exchange for the Duke of Angouleme were worth fourteen millions. The Duke of Otranto proposed to the Emperor, to throw M. de Vitrolles into the bargain, if they were restored; to which the Emperor readily consented. The Duke of Otranto opened a negotiation on this point, which had no farther result, than procuring him an opportunity of corresponding more at his ease with Ghent.(Back to main text)
Footnote 91: It was discovered by the Duke d"Albufera, that this supposed treason was the consequence of the mistake, which I have related above, and the decree was not carried into effect.(Back to main text)
Footnote 92: A nickname given by Napoleon to his old grenadiers.(Back to main text)
Footnote 93: The Emperor Alexander, in particular, expressed the most generous indignation.(Back to main text)
Footnote 94: M. de Vincent set out before this letter was written, and it was entrusted to his secretary. The Emperor of Austria ordered it to be delivered into his hands, and contented himself with informing the Empress Marie, that he had received news of her husband, and that he was well.(Back to main text)
Footnote 95: It was a laughable singularity, that, of all the double-faced men employed by the Emperor, there was no one, in whom he had more confidence, than he had in M. de Mont**. He had formerly ill-treated, persecuted, and banished him: he knew, that he detested him, and was the most intimate, the most devoted friend of M. de Talleyrand: but he knew also the bent of M. de Mont**"s mind; and he thought, that he would feel an infinite pleasure, in executing his mission well, and humming [rouer] M. de Talleyrand, who flattered himself, that he had never been hummed by any person. I know not whether M. de Mont** found it pleasant, or not, to take in M. de Talleyrand; what I know is, that he justified the expectations of Napoleon, and brought back to him intact the letters, that were delivered to him by M. de Mont**.(Back to main text)
Footnote 96: I know not whether the fact be true: but, true or false, it had the same effect on the minds of the Italians.(Back to main text)
Footnote 97: Les marins. Properly, perhaps, the seamen, whom Napoleon took from the ships of war, and converted into soldiers.-Tr.(Back to main text)
Footnote 98: For the Moniteur, I presume.-Tr.(Back to main text)
Footnote 99: I cannot avoid here making a comparison. On the 15th of March, the Count d"Artois wished to form a legion from the light infantry and grenadiers of the national guard of Paris. He reviewed the twelve legions, harangued them, and announced, that he would march at the head of the volunteer national guards: a hundred and fifty turned out.
Napoleon from his closet called the national guard to the defence of the imperial cause: 150,000 men took up arms, and hastened to battle.
What must we conclude from this coldness on the one hand, and this enthusiasm on the other? I leave the question to be answered by those, who pretend, that the revolution of the 20th of March obtained the a.s.sent only of a handful of factious persons.(Back to main text)
Footnote 100: The reverses of Napoleon"s fortune had been so rapid, that the possessors of great places, and of great preferment, had not had time to retrench their way of living. When the Bourbons were recalled, they were obliged to come to a reckoning with their means, and all these extravagant expenses ceased at once.
On the other hand, the new court, in order to distinguish itself from the imperial court, subst.i.tuted the most offensive simplicity for the useful pomp of Napoleon. The richest emigrants imitated this pernicious example; and, as Napoleon remarked, the luxury of the table was almost the only kind, on which encouragement was not spared. The result of this economical system was, that the produce of our manufactories remained unemployed, and industry was suddenly paralyzed.
Thus commerce, which had loudly called for peace, was almost totally annihilated by it: and the manufacturers, the mechanics, the merchants (those of the sea-ports excepted), greatly regretted those happy times, when we were at war.
In fact, it must be admitted, that our industry was indebted to the war, and to our conquests, for its progress, and its prodigious increase. The war, by depriving us of the products of the English manufactories, had taught us, to manufacture for ourselves. The continual prohibition of these articles protected our rising manufactures from the danger of compet.i.tion; and allowed them to engage with safety in the trials and expenses necessary for equalling or surpa.s.sing in perfection foreign manufactures. In all parts of the empire were seen manufactories for spinning and weaving cotton; and this branch of trade, almost unknown before, employed three hundred thousand work people, and produced goods to the value of more than two hundred and fifty millions.