"4th. In case of a defeat, could the commander in chief reserve, or collect, sufficient means, to oppose a forcible entry?--_Ans._ No general can answer for the consequences of a battle.
"5th. Is there sufficient ammunition for several battles?--_Ans._ Yes.
"6th. In fine, can you answer for the fate of the capital? and for how long a time?--_Ans._ We can warrant nothing on this head.
(Signed) "The Marshal Minister at War, "The Prince of ECKMUHL.
"July the 2d, 3 o"clock in the morning."
The answer of the council of war was transmitted immediately to the Tuileries, and there became the subject of a long and profound deliberation.
In fine, after having weighed the advantages and dangers of a protracted defence; after having considered, that Paris, without hope of succour, and surrounded on all sides, would either be taken by a.s.sault, or forced to surrender at discretion that the army, without any means of retreat, would find themselves perhaps reduced to choose between the disgrace of surrendering themselves prisoners, and the necessity of burying themselves under the ruins of the capital; the committee decided unanimously, that Paris should not be defended, and that they would submit to deliver it into the hands of the allies, since the allies would not suspend hostilities at any other price.
General Ziethen, who commanded Prince Blucher"s advanced guard, was informed of this determination by the Prince of Eckmuhl. He returned him the following answer:
"_To the Prince of Eckmuhl._
"July the 2d.
"Monsieur General,
"General Revest has communicated to me verbally, that you demand an armistice, to treat of the surrender of Paris.
"In consequence, M. General, I have to inform you, that I am in no way authorized to accept an armistice. I dare not even announce this demand to his Highness Marshal Prince Blucher: but however, if the deputies of the government declare to my aide-de-camp, Count Westphalen, that they will surrender the city, _and that the French army will surrender itself also_, I will accept a suspension of hostilities.
"I will then communicate it to his highness Prince Blucher, to treat of the other articles.
(Signed) "ZIETHEN."
When Brennus, abusing his victory, offered an insult to the vanquished, the Romans ran to arms. We, less sensible, and less proud, heard, without shuddering, the insult offered to our eighty thousand brave soldiers, and accepted, without blushing, the disgrace thus inflicted upon them and us!
Our only revenge was to despatch MM. de Tromeling and Macirone, the former to Prince Blucher, the latter to Lord Wellington.
The Duke of Otranto, without the knowledge of the committee, delivered to M. Macirone a confidential note in the following terms:
"The army is dissatisfied, because it is unhappy; encourage it: it will become faithful and devoted.
"The chambers are indocile for the same reason; encourage every body, and every body will be on your side.
"Let the army be sent away: the chambers will consent to it, on a promise to add to the charter the guarantees specified by the King. In order to come to a good understanding, it is necessary, that explanations should take place: do not enter Paris, therefore, in less than three days; in this interval every thing will be settled. _The chambers will be gained; they will fancy themselves independent, and will sanction every thing._ It is not force that must be employed with them, but persuasion."
I know not whether M. de Tromeling were also furnished with a similar note, or whether Lord Wellington interposed his authority; but Prince Blucher, become on a sudden more tractable, consented to treat of the surrender of Paris.
On the 3d of July, General Ziethen announced on his part to the Prince of Eckmuhl, "that the deputies of the government might present themselves: that they would be conducted to St. Cloud, where they would find deputies from the English and Prussian generals."
Baron Bignon, Count de Bondy, and General Guilleminot, provided with powers from the Prince of Eckmuhl (Blucher having declared, that he would have nothing to do with any person but the chief of the French army), repaired to the Prussian advanced posts, and were conducted to St. Cloud; _where, without any regard to the laws of nations, they were deprived of all means of communicating with the government, and kept in a private prison, during the whole continuance of the negotiations._
Baron Bignon, the princ.i.p.al negotiator, and his two colleagues, defended the political rights, the private interests, the inviolability of persons and property, national and individual, with inestimable firmness and zeal. They were far from foreseeing, that the following convention, which they considered as sacred, would subsequently open such a fatal!! door to the interpretations of vengeance and bad faith.
CONVENTION.
This day, July the 3d, 1815, the commissioners named by the commanders in chief of the respective armies, namely:
M. Baron Bignon, having in charge the portfolio of foreign affairs; M.
Count Guilleminot, chief of the staff of the French army; M. Count de Bondy, prefect of the department of the Seine; furnished with full powers by Marshal the Prince of Eckmuhl, commander in chief of the French army, on the one part;
And M. Major-General Baron de m.u.f.fling, furnished with powers by his Highness Marshal Prince Blucher, commander-in-chief of the Prussian army; and M. Colonel Hervey, furnished with full powers by his excellency the Duke of Wellington, commander-in-chief of the English army, on the other;
Have agreed on the following articles:
ART. I.
There shall be a suspension of hostilities between the allied armies commanded by his highness Prince Blucher, his excellency the Duke of Wellington, and the French army, under the walls of Paris.
ART. II.
To-morrow the French army shall commence its march, to retire behind the Loire. The total evacuation of Paris shall be effected in three days, and its movement of retiring behind the Loire shall be finished in eight days.
ART. III.
The French army shall take with it its stores, field artillery, military convoys, horses, and property of the regiments, without any exception. This shall equally apply to what belongs to (_le personnel des_) the depots, and the different branches of administration, belonging to the army.
ART. IV.
The sick and wounded, as well as the medical officers, whom it may be necessary to leave with them, are under the particular protection of MM. the commissaries in chief of the English and Prussian armies.
ART. V.
The military and non-military persons, mentioned in the preceding article, may rejoin the corps to which they belong, as soon as they are recovered.
ART. VI.
The women and children of all persons belonging to the French army shall be at liberty to remain in Paris.
These women shall meet with no obstruction to their quitting Paris, to rejoin the army, or to taking with them their own property or that of their husbands.
ART. VII.
The officers of the line employed with the federates, or with the sharpshooters of the national guard, may either rejoin the army, or return to their place of residence, or to the place where they were born.
ART. VIII.
To-morrow, July the 4th, at noon, St. Denis, St. Ouen, Clichy, and Neuilly, shall be delivered up; the next day, July the 5th, at the same hour, Montmartre shall be delivered; and on the 3d day, July 6, all the barriers shall be delivered.
ART. IX.