Oases Have Grown in the Desert
The Mormons of Arizona today are not to be considered in the same manner as have been their forebears. The older generation came in pilgrimages, wholly within the faith, sent to break the wilderness for generations to come. These pioneers must be considered in connection with their faith, for through that faith and its supporting Church were they sent on their southward journeyings. Thus it happens that "Mormon settlement" was something apart and distinctive in the general development of Arizona and of the other southwestern sections into which Mormon influences were taken. It has not been sought in this work even to infer that Mormons in anywise had loftier aspirations than were possessed by any other pioneer people of religious and law-abiding sort. However, there must be statement that the Mormons were alone in their idea of extension in concrete agricultural communities. Such communities were founded on well-developed ideals, that had nothing in common with the usual frontier spirit. They contained no drinking places or disorderly resorts and in them rarely were breaches of the peace. Without argument, this could have been accomplished by any other religious organization. Something of the sort has been done by other churches elsewhere in America. But in the Southwest such work of development on a basis of religion was done only by the Mormons.
There was need for the sustaining power of Celestial Grace upon the average desert homestead, where the fervent sun lighted an expanse of dry and unpromising land. The task of reclamation in the earlier days would have been beyond the ability and resources of any colonists not welded into some sort of mutual organization. This welding had been accomplished among the Mormons even before the wagon trains started southward.
Thereafter all that was needed was industry, as directed by American intelligence.
Prosperity Has Succeeded Privation
Today the Mormon population of Arizona does not exceed 25,000, within a total population of over 300,000. The relative percentage of strength, however, is larger than the figures indicate, this due, somewhat, to the fact that the trend of Mormon progress still is by way of cultivation of the soil. Of a verity, a family head upon a farm, productive and independent, is of larger value to the community and of more importance therein than is the average city dweller.
The immigrant from Utah who came between 1876 and 1886 no longer has the old ox-bowed wagon. His travel nowadays is by automobile. His log or adobe hut has been replaced by a handsome modern home. His children have had education and have been reared in comfort that never knew lack of food. Most of the Mormon settlements no longer are exclusively Mormon.
There has come a time when immigration, by rail, has surrounded and enveloped the foundations established by the pioneers.
To the newer generation this work is addressed especially, though its dedication, of right, is to the men and women who broke the trails and whose vision of the future has been proven true. Many of the pioneers remain and share with their children in the benefits of the civilization that here they helped to plant. The desert wilderness has been broken and in its stead oases are expanding, oases filled with a population proud of its Americanism, prosperous through varied industry and blessed with consideration for the rights of the neighbor.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, History of Arizona and New Mexico, History of Nevada, History of California: San Francisco, 1889.
Bartlett, John R., Personal Narrative: Appleton, 1854.
Beadle, S.H., Western Wilds: Jones Bros., Cincinnati, 1878.
Church Chronology, Deseret News, Salt Lake.
Church Historian"s Office, Mss. data of Arizona Stakes and Wards.
Cooke, Col. P. St. George, Conquest of New Mexico and California: Putnam"s Sons, New York, 1878.
Dellenbaugh, F.S., Breaking the Wilderness: Putnam"s Sons, 1908.
The Romance of the Colorado River: 1909.
A Canyon Voyage, New York, 1908.
Donaldson, Thomas, Moqui Pueblo Indians: Census Bureau, 1893.
Englehardt, Rev. Zephyrin, Missions of California: 4 vols., Barry Co., San Francisco, 1905-15.
Farish, Thos. E., History of Arizona: 8 vols., Filmer Co., San Francisco, 1915-18.
Fish, Joseph, Mss. History of Arizona.
Gregory, Herbert, The Navajo Country: Interior Dept., 1916.
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MORMON SETTLEMENT PLACE NAMES
(Capital letters indicate present settlement names) See map of Arizona
ADAIR, Fools Hollow--2 1/2 m. w. of Showlow ALG.o.dON, Lebanon--7 m. se. of Thatcher ALMA, Stringtown--about 1 m. w. of Mesa Allen City, Allen Camp, c.u.morah, ST. JOSEPH--Little Colorado settlement ALPINE, Frisco, Bush Valley--60 m. se. of St. Johns Apache Springs--at Forest Dale Apache Springs--sw. of Pinetop, Cooley"s last ranch Amity and Omer, Union, EAGAR--upper Round Valley Arivaipa Canyon--western route Gila Valley to San Pedro ARTESIA--in Gila Valley, about 18 m. se. of Thatcher ASHURST, Redlands, Cork--about 15 m. nw. of Thatcher
Badger Creek--on Mormon wagon road 10 m. w. of Lee"s Ferry Bagley, Walker, TAYLOR--3 m. s. of Snowflake Ballenger, Brigham City--was Little Colorado town Beaver Dams, LITTLEFIELD, Millersburg--nw. corner of State Beaver Ranch, Woolf Ranch, Lone Pine Crossing, Reidhead--12 m. s. of Snowflake Berardo, Horsehead Crossing, HOLBROOK--on Little Colorado Binghampton--6 m. n. of Tucson; near Ft. Lowell Bisbee--in se. Arizona, near Mexican border Bitter Springs--on Mormon road, 18 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry Black Falls--on Little Colorado, 56 m. s. of Moen Copie BLUEWATER--in New Mexico on rr. 107 m. w. of Albuquerque Bonelli"s, STONE"S FERRY--near mouth of Virgin r.
Brigham City, Ballenger--was Little Colorado r. settlement Buckskin Mountains--between Kanab and Colorado r.
BUNKERVILLE--Muddy settlement, 45 m. sw. of St. George Burke Tanks--On road Pleasant Valley to Grand Falls BRYCE--in Gila Valley, 2 m. n. of Pima Bush Valley, Frisco, ALPINE--60 m. se. of St. Johns
CALLVILLE, Call"s Landing--16 m. w. of mouth of Virgin r.
CEDAR RIDGE--on Mormon road, 33 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry Cedar Ridge--10 m. ne. of Pleasant Valley Cedar Springs--Barney & Norton Double "N" ranch, 30 m. sw. of Thatcher CENTRAL--3 m. w. of Thatcher, in Gila Valley CHANDLER--8 m. s. of Mesa Clark"s Ranch--Just off Ft. Apache road, near Showlow Clay Springs--Snowflake Stake Cluffs Cienega--6 m. e. of Pinetop, embraces new town of Cooley COLTER--17 m. se. of Springerville Columbine--near top of Mt. Graham, Graham Co.
COOLEY--at lumber camp near Pinetop, rr. terminus Cooley"s ranch--At Showlow--C.E. Cooley"s first ranch Cooley"s ranch--where C.E. Cooley died, sw. of Pinetop c.u.morah, Allen"s Camp, ST. JOSEPH--Little Colorado settlement CONCHO, Erastus--about half way between Snowflake and St. Johns Cork, Redlands, ASHURST--15 m. nw. of Thatcher Crossing of the Fathers, Vado de los Padres, El Vado, Ute Crossing, Ute Ford--Colorado river crossing just n. of Utah line Curtis, EDEN--about 15 m. nw. of Thatcher, in Gila Valley
DOUGLAS--near Mexican border, se. Arizona
EAGAR, Round Valley--2 m. s. of Springerville Eagle Valley--upper end of Muddy Valley Eastern Arizona Stake--1878. Included wards e. of Holbrook in ne. Arizona East Pinedale, PINEDALE--15 m. sw. of Snowflake East Verde--Mazatzal City--was near Payson, in n. Tonto Basin EDEN, Curtis--about 15 m. nw. of Thatcher in Gila Valley Ellsworth--was 1-3/4 m. s. of Showlow Emery--w. of Fort Thomas in Gila Valley Enterprise--was near San Jose, 15 m. e. of Thatcher Erastus, CONCHO--about half way between Snowflake and St. Johns Eureka Springs--in Arivaipa Valley about 25 m. sw. of Thatcher
Fairview, LAKESIDE, Woodland--about 30 m. s. of Snowflake Fairview, Matthews, GLENBAR--10 m. nw. of Thatcher in Gila Valley Fools Hollow, ADAIR--in ravine 2-1/2 m. w. of Showlow Forest Dale--8 m. sw. of Showlow FORT DEFIANCE--near N.M. line 30 m. n. of Santa Fe rr.
Fort Milligan--was 1 m. w. of present Eagar Fort Moroni, Fort Rickerson--7 m. nw. of Flagstaff in LeRoux Flat Fort Thomas--in Gila Valley, 22 m. nw. of Thatcher Fort Utah, Utahville, Jonesville, LEHI--3 m. ne. of Mesa FRANKLIN--near N.M. line 50 m. e. of Thatcher FREDONIA, Hardscrabble--3 m. s. of Utah line, 8 m. s. of Kanab Frisco, ALPINE, Bush Valley--near N.M. line 60 m. se. of St. Johns
Gila Valley--in Graham Co., in se. Arizona GILBERT--6 m. se. of Mesa GLENBAR, Fairview, Matthews--10 m. w. of Thatcher in Gila Valley GLOBE--80 m. nw. of Thatcher GRAHAM--across the Gila river n. of Thatcher Grand Falls--on Little Colorado, 5 m. below ford and 47 m. below Winslow Grand Wash--leads s. of St. George into Colorado r.
Grant, Heber, LUNA--across N.M. line, 40 m. se. of Springerville GREER--15 m. sw. of Eagar
HARDYVILLE--landing on Colorado, about 90 m. s. of Callville Hayden, Zenos, Mesaville, MESA--Headquarters of Maricopa Stake, 16 m. e. of Phoenix HAYDEN--35 m. s. of Globe Hayden"s Ferry, San Pablo, TEMPE--9 m. e. of Phoenix Heber, Grant, LUNA--across N. M. line, 40 m. se. of Springerville HEBER--near Wilford, 50 m. sw. of Holbrook HEREFORD--on San Pedro, 33 m. s. of St. David HOLBROOK, Horsehead Crossing, Berardo--on Little Colorado Horsehead Crossing, Berardo, HOLBROOK--on Little Colorado House Rock Springs--on Mormon road, 38 m. sw. of Lee"s Ferry HUBBARD--6 m. nw. of Thatcher HUNT--on Little Colorado, 17 m. nw. of St. Johns
Jacob"s Pools--on Mormon road, 27 m. sw. of Lee"s Ferry JOHNSON"S--on Mormon road, 14 m. ne. of Kanab, n. of Utah line Johnsonville, Nephi--was successor of Tempe ward, 3 m. w. of Mesa Jonesville, Utahville, Ft. Utah, LEHI--3 m. ne. of Mesa Joppa--in Snowflake Stake Junction (City), RIOVILLE--at junction of Muddy r. with Virgin r.
Juniper, LINDEN--8 m. w. of Showlow
KANAB--just n. of Utah line, about 65 m. e. of St. George
LAKESIDE, Fairview, Woodland--ward 30 m. s. of Snowflake LAVEEN--on Salt River, 12 m. sw. of Phoenix LAYTON--3 m. e. of Thatcher Lebanon, ALG.o.dON--in cotton district, 7 m. se. of Thatcher Lee Valley--15 m. sw. of Eagar LEE"S FERRY, Lonely Dell--on Colorado r., 18 m. s. of Utah line LEHI, Jonesville, Utahville, Ft. Utah--ward 3 m. ne. of Mesa LeRoux Springs and Flat--about 7 m. nw. of Flagstaff, location of Ft.
Moroni Limestone Tanks--on Mormon road, 27 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry LINDEN, Juniper--8 m. w. of Showlow Little Colorado Stake--first Arizona Stake, embraced Little Colorado settlements LITTLEFIELD, Beaver Dams, Millersburg--on Virgin r., 3 m. e. of Nevada line LOGAN, West Point--s. of Muddy r., 15 m. w. of St. Joseph Lonely Dell, LEE"S FERRY--crossing on Colorado r., 18 m. s. of Utah line Lone Pine, Beaver ranch, Woolf ranch, Reidhead--12 m. s. of Snowflake LUNA (Valley), Grant, Heber--across N.M. line, 40 m. se. of Springerville
Macdonald--on San Pedro, 5 m. s. of St. David MARICOPA STAKE--Headquarters at Mesa Matthews, Fairview, GLENBAR--10 m. nw. of Thatcher in Gila Valley Mazatzal City--in Tonto Basin, on East Verde r.
McClellan Tanks--on Mormon road, about 35 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry Meadows--on Little Colorado r., 8 m. nw. of St. Johns MESA, Hayden, Zenos, Mesaville--Maricopa Stake Headquarters, 16 m. e. of Phoenix MESQUITE--on n. side of Virgin r., 1 m. w. of Nevada line MIAMI--6 m. w. of Globe, 86 m. nw. of Thatcher Milligan Fort--was 1 m. w. of present Eagar Millersburg, Beaver Dams, LITTLEFIELD--on Virgin r., nw. corner of Arizona Millville--was on Mogollon plateau, 35 m. s. of Flagstaff Mill Point--6 m. nw. of St. Thomas on Muddy r.
Miramonte--9 m. w. of Benson Moaby, Moa Ave, Moen Abi, Moanabby--7 m. sw. of Tuba, 60 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry MOCCASIN SPRINGS--3 m. n. of Pipe Springs MOEN COPIE--was mission headquarters, 2 m. s. of Tuba Mohave Spring--in Moen Copie wash, s. of Tuba Mormon Dairy--near Mormon Lake, belonged to Sunset and Brigham City Mormon Lake--about 28 m. se. of Flagstaff, 50 m. w. of Sunset Mormon Road--west extension of Spanish Trail, St. George to Los Angeles Mormon Road--wagon road from Lee"s Ferry to Little Colorado r.
Mormon Range--at head of Muddy Valley, now se. Nevada Mormon Flat--on Apache Trail, Phoenix to Globe, 20 m. ne. of Mesa Mormon Fort--n. of Las Vegas, in Nevada Mortensen, Percheron, East Pinedale--Just e. of Pinedale settlement Mt. Carmel, Winsor--United Order ward in Long Valley n. of Kanab, Utah Mt. Trumbull--in Uinkarat Mnts., 30 m. w. of mouth of Kanab Wash Mt. Turnbull--37 m. nw. of Thatcher Muddy, river and valley, in present Nevada, near nw. corner of Arizona Musha Springs--just s. of Tuba, townsite of Tuba City, n. of Moen Copie
Navajo, Savoia, RAMAH--in N. M., 22 m. n. of Zuni, 80 m. ne. of St. Johns Navajo Spring--on Mormon road, 8 m. s. of Lee"s Ferry Navajo Wells--16 m. e. of Kanab, in Utah, foot of Buckskin mts.
Nephi, Johnsonville--was successor of Tempe ward, 3 m. w. of Mesa NUTRIOSO--17 m. se. of Springerville
Obed--was on Little Colorado r., 3 m. sw., across river, from St. Joseph Omer and Amity, Union, EAGAR--in lower Round Valley, Apache Co.
OVERTON, Patterson"s Ranch--8 m. nw. of St. Thomas, Nevada ORAIBI--Indian village, about 40 m. se. of Moen Copie Orderville--was United Order ward in Long Valley, n. of Kanab, in Utah
PAPAGO--Indian ward on both sides of Salt r., just nw. of Mesa.