SWERIAN, _to swear_--swear, swearer, forswear, answer, unanswered.
SWeT, _sweet_--sweet, sweetbread, sweeten, sweetmeat, sweetness.
TaECAN, _to show, to teach_--teach, teachable, teacher.
TELLAN, _to count_--tell, teller, tale, talk, talkative, foretell.
THINCAN, _to seem_; pret. thuh-te, _methinks_, _methought_.
THRINGAN, _to press_--throng.
THYR, _dry_--thirst, thirsty.
TREOWE, _true_--true, truth, truthful, truism, trust, trustee, trustworthy, trusty.
TWA, _two_--twice, twine, twist, between, entwine.
TYRNAN, _to turn_--turn, turner, turncoat, turnkey, turnpike, overturn, return, upturn.
WACAN, _to awake_--wake, wakeful, waken, wait, watch, watchful, watchfulness, watchman.
WARNIAN, _to defend_, _to beware_--warn, warning, warrant, wary, weir, aware, beware.
WEARM, _glowing_--warm, warmth.
WEGAN, _to move_--wag, waggle, wain, wave, way, wayfarer, weigh, weight, weighty.
WEORDH, _worth_--worth, worthy, worship, worshipper, unworthy.
WERIAN, _to cover_--wear, wearable, weary, wearisome.
WINNAN, _to labor_--win, won.
WITAN, _to know_--wise, wisdom, wizard, wit, witness, witty.
WRINGAN, _to twist_--wrangle, wrench, wriggle, wring, wrinkle.
WRITHAN, _to twist_--wrath, wrathful, wroth, wreath, wreathe, wry, wryneck, wrong.
WUNIAN, _to dwell_--wont, wonted.
WYRM, _a worm, a serpent_--worm.
Specimens of Anglo-Saxon, and the same literally translated into Modern English.
_EXTRACT FROM CaeDMON"S PARAPHRASE._
_Caedmon: died about 680._
Nu we sceolan herianNow we shall praise heofon-rices weard,the guardian of heaven, metodes mihte,the might of the creator, and his mod-ge-thonc,and his mind"s thought, wera wuldor-faeder!the glory-father of men!
swa he wundra ge-hwaes,how he of all wonders, ece dryhten,the eternal lord, oord onstealde.formed the beginning.
He aerest ge-sceopHe first created ylda bearnumfor the children of men heofon to hrofe,heaven as a roof, halig scyppend!the holy creator!
tha middan-geardthem the world mon-cynnes weard,the guardian of mankind ece dryhten,the eternal lord, aefter teode,produced afterwards, firum foldan,the earth for men, frea aelmihtig!the almighty master!
_Pa.s.sAGE REPEATED BY BEDE ON HIS DEATH-BED._
_Bede: died 735._
For tham ned-fereBefore the necessary journey neni wirthethno one becomes thances suoteramore prudent in thought thonne him thearf sy,than is needful to him, to ge-hicgeuneto search out er his heonon-gangebefore his going hence hwet his gastewhat to his spirit G.o.des othe yvelesof good or of evil efter deathe heononafter his death hence demed weorthe.will be judged.
_EXTRACT FROM THE SAXON CHRONICLE--Tenth Century._
Tha feng aelfred aethelwulfing toThen took Alfred, son of Ethelwulf West-Seaxna rice; and thaes ymb aenneto the West Saxon"s kingdom; and monath gefeaht aelfred cyning withthat after one month fought Alfred ealne thone here lytle werode aetking against all the army with a Wiltoune, and hine lange on daeglittle band at Wilton, and them long geflymde, and tha Deniscan ahtonduring the day routed and then the wael-stowe geweald. And thaes gearesDanes obtained of the battle-field wurdon nigon folcgefeoht gefohtenpossession. And this year were nine with thone here on tham cyne-rice begreat battles fought with the army suthan Temese, butan tham the himin the kingdom to the south of the aelfred, and ealdormen, and cyningesThames, besides those in which thegnas oft rada onridon the man naAlfred, and the alder-men, and the ne rimde. And thaes geares waeronking"s thanes oft inrode--against of-slegene nigon eorlas, and anwhich one nothing accounted. And cyning; and thy geare namonthis year were slain nine earls and West-Seaxan frith with thone here.one king; and this year made theWest-Saxons peace with the army.
_EXTRACT FROM THE SAXON GOSPELS--Eleventh Century._
LUCae, Cap. I. v. 5-10.LUKE, Chap. I. v. 5-10.
5. On Herodes dagum Iudea cyninges,5. In the days of Herod the king of waes sum sacerd on naman Zacharias, ofJudea, there was a certain priest by Abian tune: and his wif waes ofname Zacharias, of the course of Aarones dohtrum, and hyre nama waesAbia: and his wife was of the Elizabeth.daughters of Aaron, and her name wasElizabeth.
6. Sothlice hig waeron butu rihtwise6. And they were both righteous beforan G.o.de, gangende on eallum hisbefore G.o.d, walking in all the bebodum and rihtwisnessum, butancommandments and ordinances of the wrohte.Lord without blame.
7. And hig naefdon nan bearn, fortham7. And they had no child, because the Elizabeth waes unberende; and higthat Elizabeth was barren; and they on heora dagum butu forth-eodon.in her days were both of great age.
8. Sothlice waes geworden tha8. And it befell that when Zacharias Zacharias hys sacerdhades breac onshould do the office of the his gewrixles endebyrdnesse beforanpriesthood in the order of his G.o.de,course before G.o.d,
9. aefter gewunan thaes sacerdhades9. After the custom of the hlotes, he eode that he his offrungepriesthood he went forth by lot, to sette, tha he on G.o.des tempel eode.burn incense when he into G.o.d"stemple went.
10. Eall werod thaes folces waes ute10. And all the mult.i.tude of the gebiddende on thaere offrunge timan.people were without praying at thetime of incense.
_THE LORD"S PRAYER._
Faeder ure, thu the eart on heofenum;Father our, thou who art in heaven; si thin nama gehalG.o.d; to-bec.u.me thinbe thine name hallowed; let come rice; geweordhe thin willa onthine kingdom; let be done thine eorthan, swa swa on heofenum. Urne gewill on earth, so as in the heavens.
daeghwamlican hlaf syle us to-daeg; andOur also daily bread give thou us forgyf us ure gyltas, swa swa weto-day; and forgive thou to us our forgidfadh urum gyltendum; and nedebts, so as we forgive our debtors; gelaede thu us on costnunge, ac alysand not lead thou us into us of yfle, etc.temptations, but deliver thou usfrom evil, etc.
SPECIMENS OF SEMI-SAXON AND EARLY ENGLISH.
_EXTRACT FROM THE BRUT OF LAYAMON--About 1180._
He nom tha Englisca bocHe took the English book Tha makede Seint Beda;That Saint Bede made; An other he nom on Latin,Another he took in Latin, Tha makede Seinte Albin,That Saint Albin made, And the feire Austin,And the fair Austin, The fulluht broute hider in.That baptism brought hither in.
Boc he nom the thridde,The third book he took, Leide ther amidden,_And_ laid there in midst, Tha makede a Frenchis clerc,That made a French clerk, Wace was ihoten,Wace was _he_ called, The wel couthe writen,That well could write, And he hoc yef thare aethelenAnd he it gave to the n.o.ble Allienor, the wes Henries quene,Eleanor, that was Henry"s Queen, Thes heyes kinges.The high king"s.
_EXTRACT FROM A CHARTER OF HENRY III.--1258._
Henry, thurg G.o.de"s fultome, King onHenry, through G.o.d"s support, King Engleneloande, Lhoaverd on Yrloand,of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Duk on Norman, on Acquitain, Earl onNormandy, of Acquitain, Earl of Anjou, send I greting, to alle hiseAnjou, sends greeting to all his holde, ilaerde and ilewede onsubjects, learned and unlearned, of Huntindonnschiere. Thaet witen ge welHuntingdonshire. This know ye well alle, haet we willen and unnen thaetall, that we will and grant what our ure raedesmen alle, other the moarecounsellors all, or the more part of del of heom, thaet beoth ichosen thurgthem, that be chosen through us and us and thurg thaet loandes-folk on urethrough the landfolk of our kingdom, kineriche, habbith idon, and schullenhave done, and shall do, to the don in the worthnes of G.o.d, and urehonor of G.o.d, and our allegiance, treowthe, for the freme of thefor the good of the land, etc.
loande, etc.
Anglo-Saxon Element in Modern English.
That the young student may be made aware of the extent of the employment of Anglo-Saxon in our present language, and that he may have some clue to direct him to a knowledge of the Saxon words, the following extracts, embracing a great proportion of these words, are submitted to his attention. The words not Teutonic are marked in _Italics_.
MILTON.
Of man"s first _disobedience_, and the _fruit_ Of that forbidden tree, whose _mortal taste_ Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of _Eden_, till one greater man _Restore_ us and _regain_ the blissful seat-- Sing, heavenly _Muse_.
With thee _conversing_, I forget all time, All _seasons_, and their _change_; all _please_ alike.
Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet, With _charm_ of earliest birds; _pleasant_ the sun When first on this _delightful_ land he spreads His _orient_ beams on _herb_, tree, _fruit_, and _flower_, Glistering with dew; _fragrant_ the _fertile_ earth, After soft showers; and sweet the coming on Of _grateful_ evening mild; then _silent_ night With this her _solemn_ bird, and this fair moon, And these the _gems_ of heaven, her starry _train_.
SHAKESPEARE.
To be, or not to be, that is the _question_; Whether "t is _n.o.bler_ in the mind to _suffer_ The stings and arrows of _outrageous fortune_, Or to take _arms_ against a sea of _troubles_, And, by _opposing_, end them? To die, to sleep; No more;--and by a sleep to say we end The heart_ache_ and the thousand _natural_ shocks That flesh is _heir_ to! "t were a _consummation_ _Devoutly_ to be wished. To die; to sleep; To sleep?--_perchance_ to dream!
All the world"s a _stage_, And all the men and women _merely_ players.
They have their _exits_ and their _entrances_, And one man in his time plays many _parts_; His _acts_ being seven _ages_. At first the _infant_, Mewling and puking in his _nurse"s arms_.
And then the whining _school_-boy, with his _satchel_ And shining morning _face_, creeping like snail Unwillingly to _school_. And then the lover, Sighing like _furnace_, with a woeful _ballad_ Made to his _mistress"_ eyebrow. Then a _soldier_, Full of _strange_ oaths, and bearded like the _pard_, _Jealous_ in _honour_, _sudden_ and quick in _quarrel_; Seeking the bubble _reputation_ Even in the _cannon"s_ mouth.
TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE.