CHAPTER VII.
MONHEGAN ISLAND.
"From gray sea-fog, from icy drift, From peril and from pain, The home-bound fisher greets thy lights, Oh hundred-harbored Maine!"
WHITTIER.
The most famous island you can find on the New England map is Monhegan Island. To it the voyages of Weymouth, of Popham, and of Smith converge.
The latter has put it down as one of the landmarks of our coast. Rosier calls it an excellent landfall. It is undoubtedly Monhegan that is seen on the oldest charts of New England. Champlain, with the same aptness and originality recognized in Mount Desert and Isle au Haut, names it La Tortue. Take from the shelf Bradford, Winthrop, Prince, or Hubbard, and you will find this island to figure conspicuously in their pages.
Bradford says starving Plymouth was succored from Monhegan as early as 1622. The Boston colonists of 1630 were boarded when entering Salem by a Plymouth man, going about his business at Pemaquid. English fishing ships hovered about the island for a dozen years before the _Mayflower_ swung to her anchorage in the "ice-rimmed" bay. The embers of some camp-fire were always smouldering there.
Sailing once from Boston on a Pen.o.bscot steamboat, a few hours brought us up with Cape Ann. I asked the pilot for what land he now steered.
"M"nhiggin."
In returning, the boat came down through the Mussel Ridge Channel like a race-horse over a well-beaten course. We rounded Monhegan again, and then steered by the compa.s.s. Monhegan is still a landmark.
A wintry pa.s.sage is not always to be commended, especially when the Atlantic gets unruly. Leaving the wharf on one well-remembered occasion, we steamed down the bay in smooth water at fourteen miles an hour. All on board were in possession of their customary equipoise. Soon the gong sounded a noisy summons to supper. We descended. The cabin tables were quickly occupied by a merry company of both s.e.xes. There was a clatter of plates and sharp clicking of knives and forks; waiters ran hither and thither; the buzz of conversation and ripple of suppressed laughter began to diffuse themselves with the good cheer, when, suddenly, the boat, mounting a sea, fell off into the trough with a measured movement that thrilled every victim of old Neptune to the marrow.
[Ill.u.s.tration: THATCHER"S ISLAND LIGHT AND FOG SIGNALS, CAPE ANN.]
It would be difficult to conceive a more instantaneous metamorphosis than that which now took place. Maidens who had been chatting or wickedly flirting, laid down their knives and forks and turned pale as their napkins. Youths that were all smiles and attention to some adorable companion suddenly behaved as if oblivious of her presence.
Another plunge of the boat! My _vis-a-vis_, an old gourmand, had intrenched himself behind a rampart of delicacies. He stops short in the act of carving a fowl, and reels to the cabin stairs. Soon he has many followers. Wives are separated from husbands, the lover deserts his mistress. A heavier sea lifts the bow, and goes rolling with gathered volume astern, accompanied by the crash of crockery and trembling of the chandeliers. That did the business. The commercial traveler who told me he was never sea-sick laid down the morsel he was in the act of conveying to his mouth. He tried to look unconcerned as he staggered from the table, but it was a wretched failure. Two waiters, each bearing a well-laden tray, were sent sliding down the incline to the leeward side of the cabin, where, coming in crashing collision, they finally deposited their burdens in a berth in which some unfortunate was already reposing. All except a handful of well-seasoned voyagers sought the upper cabins, where they remained pale as statues, and as silent. The rows of deserted seats, unused plates, the joints sent away untouched, presented a melancholy evidence of the triumph of matter over mind.
Early in the morning we made out Monhegan, as I have no doubt it was descried from the mast-head of the _Archangel_, Weymouth"s ship, two hundred and seventy years ago. The sea was shrouded in vapor, so that we saw the island long before the main-land was visible. Sea-faring people call it high land for this part of the world.
Near the westward sh.o.r.e of the southern half of this remarkable island is a little islet, called Mananas, which forms the only harbor it can boast. Captain Smith says, "Between Monahiggon and Monanis is a small harbour, where we rid." The entrance is considered practicable only from the south, though the captain of a coasting vessel pointed out where he had run his vessel through the ragged reefs that shelter the northern end, and saved it. It was a desperate strait, he said, and the by-standers shook their heads, in thinking on the peril of the attempt.[59]
The inhabitants are hospitable, and many even well to do. Their harbor is providentially situated for vessels that are forced on the coast in heavy gales, and are able to reach its shelter. At such times exhausted mariners are sure of a kind reception, every house opening its doors to relieve their distresses. Having all the requirements of snug harboring, excellent rock fishing, with room enough for extended rambling up and down, the island must one day become a resort as famous as the Isles of Shoals. At present there is a peculiar flavor of originality and freshness about the people, who are as yet free from the money-getting apt.i.tudes of the recognized watering-place.
George Weymouth made his anchorage under Monhegan on the 18th of May, 1605. "It appeared," says Rosier, "a mean high land, as we afterward found it, being an island of some six miles in compa.s.s, but, I hope, the most fortunate ever yet discovered. About twelve o"clock that day, we came to an anchor on the north side of this island, about a league from the sh.o.r.e. About two o"clock our captain with twelve men rowed in his ship-boat to the sh.o.r.e, where we made no long stay, but laded our boat with dry wood of old trees upon the sh.o.r.e side, and returned to our ship, where we rode that night." * * *
"This island is woody, grown with fir, birch, oak, and beech, as far as we saw along the sh.o.r.e; and so likely to be within. On the verge grow gooseberries, strawberries, wild pease, and wild rose-bushes. The water issued forth down the cliffs in many places; and much fowl of divers kinds breeds upon the sh.o.r.e and rocks."
The main-land possessed greater attraction for Weymouth. Thinking his anchorage insecure, he brought his vessel the next day to the islands "more adjoining to the main, and in the road directly with the mountains, about three leagues from the island where he had first anch.o.r.ed."
I read this description while standing on the deck of the _Katahdin_, and found it to answer admirably the conditions under which I then surveyed the land. We were near enough to make out the varied features of a long line of sea-coast stretching northward for many a mile. There were St. George"s Islands, three leagues distant, and more adjoining to the main. And there were the Camden Mountains in the distance.[60]
Weymouth landed at Pemaquid, and traded with the Indians there. In order to impress them with the belief that he and his comrades were supernatural beings, he caused his own and Hosier"s swords to be touched with the loadstone, and then with the blades took up knives and needles, much mystifying the simple savages with his jugglery. It took, however, six whites to capture two of the natives, unarmed and thrown off their guard by feigned friendship.
But one compensation can be found for Weymouth"s treachery in kidnaping five Indians here, and that is in the a.s.sertion of Sir F. Gorges that this circ.u.mstance first directed his attention to New England colonization. At least two of the captive Indians found their way back again. One returned the next year; another--Skitwarres--came over with Popham. A strange tale these savages must have told of their adventures beyond seas.[61]
Some credence has been given to the report of the existence of a rock inscription on Monhegan Island, supposed by some to be a reminiscence of the Northmen. The Society of Northern Antiquaries of Copenhagen has reproduced it in their printed proceedings. The best informed American antiquaries do not believe it to possess any archaeological significance.
I also heard of another of the "devil"s foot-prints" on Mananas, but did not see it.
Between Monhegan and Pemaquid Point was the scene of the sea-fight between the _Enterprise_ and _Boxer_. Some of the particulars I shall relate I had of eye-witnesses of the battle.
In September, 1814, the American brig _Enterprise_ quitted Portsmouth roads. She had seen service in the wars with the French Directory and with Algiers. She had been rebuilt in 1811, and had already gained the name of a lucky vessel. Her cruising-ground was along the Maine coast, where a sharp lookout was to be kept for privateers coming out of the enemy"s ports. In times past her commanders were such men as Sterrett, Hull, Decatur, and Blakely, in whom was no more flinching than in the mainmast.
Lieutenant Burrows, who now took her to sea, had been first officer of a merchant ship and a prisoner to the enemy. As soon as exchanged he was given the command of the _Enterprise_. He was a good seaman, bound up in his profession, and the darling of the common sailors. Taciturn and misanthropic among equals, he liked to disguise himself in a pea-jacket and visit the low haunts of his shipmates. It was believed he would be killed sooner than surrender.
The _Boxer_ had been fitted out at St. Johns with a view of meeting and fighting the _Enterprise_. Every care that experience and seamanship could suggest had been bestowed upon her equipment. She was, moreover, a new and strong vessel. In armament and crews the two vessels were about equal, the inferiority, if any, being on the side of the American. The two brigs were, in fact, as equally matched as could well be. They were prepared, rubbed down, and polished off, like pugilists by their respective trainers. They were in quest of each other. The conquered, however, attributed their defeat to every cause but the true one, namely, that of being beaten in a fair fight on their favorite element.
The _Boxer_, after worrying the fishermen, and keeping the sea-coast villages in continual alarm, dropped anchor in Pemaquid Bay on Sat.u.r.day, September 4th, 1814. There was then a small militia guard in old Fort Frederick. The inhabitants of Pemaquid Point, fearing an attack, withdrew into the woods, where they heard at evening the music played on board the enemy"s cruiser.
The next morning, a peaceful Sabbath, the lookout of the _Boxer_ made out the _Enterprise_ coming down from the westward with a fair wind. In an instant the Briton"s decks were alive with men. Sails were let fall and sheeted home with marvelous quickness, and the _Boxer_, with every rag of canvas spread, stood out of the bay. From her anchorage to the westward of John"s Island, the _Boxer_, as she got under way, threw several shot over the island into the fort by way of farewell. Both vessels bore off the land about three miles, when they stripped to fighting canvas. The American, being to windward, had the weather-gage, and, after taking a good look at her antagonist, brought her to action at twenty minutes past three o"clock in the afternoon. Anxious spectators crowded the sh.o.r.es; but after the first broadsides, for the forty minutes the action continued, nothing could be seen except the flashes of the guns; both vessels were enveloped in a cloud. At length the firing slackened, and it was seen the _Boxer"s_ maintop-mast had been shot away. The battle was decided.
This combat, which proved fatal to both commanders, was, for the time it lasted, desperately contested. The _Enterprise_ returned to Portland, with the _Boxer_ in company, on the 7th. The bodies of Captain Samuel Blythe, late commander of the English brig, and of Lieutenant William Burrows, of the _Enterprise_, were brought on sh.o.r.e draped with the flags each had so bravely defended. The same honors were paid the remains of each, and they were interred side by side in the cemetery at Portland. Blythe had been one of poor Lawrence"s pall-bearers.
[Ill.u.s.tration: GRAVES OF BURROWS AND BLYTHE, PORTLAND.]
This was the first success that had befallen the American navy since the loss of the _Chesapeake_. It revived, in a measure, the confidence that disaster had shaken. The _Boxer_ went into action with her colors nailed to the mast--a useless bravado that no doubt cost many lives. Her ensign is now among the trophies of the Naval Academy at Annapolis, while that of the _Enterprise_ has but lately been reclaimed from among the forgotten things of the past, to array its tattered folds beside the flags of the _Bonhomme Richard_ and of Fort M"Henry.[62]
Among the recollections of his "Lost Youth," the author of "Evangeline,"
a native of Portland, tells us:
"I remember the sea-fight far away, How it thundered o"er the tide!
And the dead captains, as they lay In their graves o"erlooking the tranquil bay, Where they in battle died."
[Ill.u.s.tration: BURROWS"S MEDAL.]
FOOTNOTES:
[59] Monhegan lies nine miles south of the George"s group, twelve south-east from Pemaquid, and nine west of Metinic. It contains upward of one thousand acres of land. According to Williamson, it had, in 1832, about one hundred inhabitants, twelve or fourteen dwellings, and a school-house. The able-bodied men were engaged in the Bank fishery; the elders and boys in tending the flocks and tilling the soil. At that time there was not an officer of any kind upon the island; not even a justice of the peace. The people governed themselves according to local usage, and were strangers to taxation. A light-house was built on the island in 1824.
[60] A good many arguments may be found in the "Collections of the Maine Historical Society" as to whether Weymouth ascended the Pen.o.bscot or the Kennebec. All a.s.sume Monhegan to have been the first island seen. This being conceded, the landmarks given in the text follow, without reasonable ground for controversy.
[61] In 1607 Weymouth was granted a pension of three shillings and fourpence per diem. Smith was at Monhegan in 1614, Captain Dermer in 1619, and some mutineers from Rocroft"s ship had pa.s.sed the winter of 1618-"19 there. The existence of a small plantation is ascertained in 1622. In 1626 the island was sold to Giles Elbridge and Robert Aldworth for fifty pounds.
[62] This flag inspired the national lyric, "The Star-spangled Banner."
[Ill.u.s.tration: GORGE, BALD HEAD CLIFF.]
CHAPTER VIII.
FROM WELLS TO OLD YORK.
"A shipman was there, wonned far by west; For aught I wot, he was of Dartemouth."