_Meriones labradorius_, Dawson, Edinburgh New Philos. Jour., new ser., 3:2, 1856.
_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Rept. Expl. and Surv...., 8 (pt. 1):433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Nova Scotia, Vermont, and New York).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. surv. of the territories, 2nd ser., No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Nova Scotia, Vermont, and New York); Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Ma.s.sachusetts, and northeastern New York).
_Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 1:5, February 8, 1899 (part--the part from Keene Valley in Ess.e.x County of New York, and Orivell in Vermont); Anderson, Ann.
Rept. Provancher Soc. Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:35-37, July 14, 1942 (part--the part from the tip of the Gaspe Peninsula in Quebec, New Brunswick, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York).
_Zapus hudsonius hardyi_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:6, February 8, 1899, type from Mt. Desert Island, Hanc.o.c.k County, Maine; Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:165, September 11, 1947 (part--but excluding Pennsylvania and Ohio).
_Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, Anderson, Ann. Rept. Provancher Soc.
Nat. Hist., Quebec, 1941:38, July 14, 1942.
_Type._--No type specimen designated. Subspecies characterized from specimens obtained in Nova Scotia.
_Range._--Gaspe Peninsula of Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Ma.s.sachusetts, northern Connecticut and northeastern New York. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.
_Description._--Size medium; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Yellow-Ocher with heavy admixture of black-tipped hair, the dorsal band distinct against color of sides; sides lighter than back and from near Cinnamon-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff lined with black-tipped hair; lateral line usually faintly marked but sometimes distinct and clear Warm-Buff; underparts white, sometimes suffused with color of sides; tail distinctly bicolored, brownish-black above and yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears dark, edged with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; pterygoid fossae relatively narrow; zygomata relatively long and broad; auditory bullae relatively narrow, usually with depression on anterior surface; mastoid region relatively narrow; inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively narrow.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h. acadicus_ differs in: Size averaging larger; upper parts usually less brownish and more ochraceous, sides and flanks being more ochraceous and less yellowish; zygomata relatively longer; pterygoid fossae relatively narrower; auditory bullae relatively narrower and usually with depression on anterior surface.
From _Zapus hudsonius america.n.u.s_, _Z. h. acadicus_ differs as follows: Size larger; color darker on upper parts, flanks duller (less ochraceous); underparts white, much less frequently suffused with color of sides; ears dark, usually without flecks of ochraceous; general appearance of pelage not so brightly colored; zygomata longer; condylobasal length greater; mastoid region relatively broader; bullae larger, more inflated and usually with depression on anterior surface; maxillary tooth-row relatively longer.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius ladas_ see account of that subspecies.
_Remarks._--Specimens from various localities in Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick are essentially similar. Anderson (1942:38) revived the name _Z. h. acadicus_ for jumping mice from these areas, correctly considering them to be distinct from _Z. h.
canadensis_, the geographic race immediately to the west.
In the size and shape of the auditory bullae, length of the zygomata, breadth of the pterygoid fossae, and general color of the pelage the populations from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are essentially indistinguishable from material of _Zapus hudsonius hardyi_ from Maine.
Thus, _Z. h. hardyi_ must fall as a synonym of the earlier proposed name _Z. h. acadicus_.
Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165) applied the name _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_) to the mice inhabiting a large area from coastal Maine and central New Hampshire through southern New England, New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and northeastern Ohio. I agree with Bole and Moulthrop (_loc. cit._) that the population of _Zapus hudsonius_ from Maine, New Hampshire, west-central and northern New England are different from neighboring subspecies and are referable to _Z. h.
acadicus_, but find that material from extreme southern Ma.s.sachusetts, Connecticut, southern New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and northeastern Ohio is best referred to _Zapus hudsonius america.n.u.s_ (see account of that subspecies).
Intergradation between _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ is indicated by specimens from Berlin, Rensselaer County, New York. In color of ears, length of zygomata, and size and shape of the incisive foramina these specimens are more nearly like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ but in size and shape of the auditory bullae, breadth of the mastoid region, and general appearance of the pelage they are more nearly like _Z. h.
acadicus_ and are here referred to _acadicus_. Specimens from Glenville, Schenectady County, New York, are intermediate in cranial characters between _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ but in color are best referred to the latter. Specimens from 1 mi. S Ayer, Worchester County, Ma.s.sachusetts, are like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ in their short zygomata, narrow mastoid region and suffusion of the underparts; nevertheless, in the shape of the auditory bullae, breadth of the pterygoid fossae, and greater condylobasal length the specimens are more nearly like _Z. h.
acadicus_ which they are here considered to be. Animals from Ess.e.x and Wilmington, Ess.e.x County, Ma.s.sachusetts, are like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ in external size and in the size and shape of the auditory bullae; but they are more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_ in most cranial characters and in the general color of the pelage and are here a.s.signed to _Z. h.
acadicus_.
Specimens from Keene Valley, Ess.e.x County, New York, considered by Batchelder (1899:4) to be _Z. h. canadensis_, are in color, length of the zygomata, and size and shape of the auditory bullae more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_ to which subspecies they are here a.s.signed. A specimen from Orwell, Addison County, Vermont, that Batchelder (_op. cit._:5) referred to _Z. h. canadensis_ is more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_ in the shape of the auditory bullae, length of the zygomata, and color of the pelage, and is here referred to _Z. h. acadicus_. Specimens from western New Brunswick, referred to _Z. h. canadensis_ by Anderson (1942:37), are more nearly like _Z. h. acadicus_. Specimens from Ste.
Anne des Monts, Gaspe Peninsula, Quebec, are intermediate between _Z. h.
canadensis_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ in color and size and also in the shape of the auditory bullae but are best referred to _Z. h. acadicus_.
_Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ as here understood is a relatively wide-ranging subspecies. Populations at the southern periphery of its range are difficult to separate from populations at the northern periphery of the range of _Z. h. america.n.u.s_. These two geographic races represent opposite extremes of a clinal gradient and, as would be expected, geographic intermediates are morphologically similar.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 156, distributed as follows:
MAINE: _Aroostock County_: _Madawaska_, 6 (MCZ). _Hanc.o.c.k County_: _Mount Desert Island_, 9 (6 MCZ, 3 UM). _Piscataquis County_: _Mount Katahdin_, 1 (USNM); Sebec Lake, 4 (USBS); _Katahdin Lake_, 1 (USBS).
_Sagadahoc Co._: Small Point Beach, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Somerset County_: east branch Pen.o.bscot River, 2 (USBS). _Washington County_: Columbia Falls, 1 (USBS).
Ma.s.sACHUSETTS: _Ess.e.x County_: _Ess.e.x_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Wilmington, 4 (3 USBS, 1 USNM). _Worchester County_: _Lunenberg_, 2 (USBS); _1 mi. S Ayer_, 2 (MVZ); 2 mi. N Gilbertville, 1.
NEW BRUNSWICK: _Charlotte County_: _6 mi. N St. Andrews_, 2 (NMC); 5 mi.
N St. Andrews, 4 (NMC). _Carleton County_: _Debec_, 1 (MVZ). _Gloucester County_: Dalhousie, 2 (MVZ); _Miramichi Road, 15 mi. from Bathurst_, 4 (NMC); _Youghall_, 3 (NMC). _Madawaska County_: Baker Lake, 2 (NMC); _9 mi. NE Edmundston_, 4 (NMC); 5 mi. N St. Leonard, 5 (NMC). _Victoria Co._: _Tobique Point_, 1 (AMNH). _York County_: _Queensbury_, 1 (USBS).
NEW HAMPSHIRE: _Carroll County_: _Intervale_, 1 (UM); _Ossipee_, 4 (3 USBS); _2 mi. S Ossipee_, 12 (2 USNM). _Coos County_: _Nathan Pond_, 1 (UM); Fabyans-Bretton Woods, Dartmouth Brook, 2 (UM); _Fabyans_, 1 (USNM); _3 mi. W Base Station_, 1; _Mt. Washington_, 1 (MVZ); _Pinkham Notch, 1900 ft._, 1 (USNM). _Grafton County_: _Franconia Notch, Profile Lake_, 1 (UM); Lebanon, 3 (UM). _Strafford Co._: _1 mi. E Durham_, 1 (UM).
NEW YORK: _Ess.e.x Co._: Keene Valley, 5 (MCZ); _Keene Heights_, 5 (MCZ); _Minerva, 1700 ft._, 1 (AMNH). _Herkimer County_: Northwood, 7 (AMNH).
_Rensselaer Co._: Berlin, 8 (AMNH). _Schenectady County_: _Glenville_, 1 (USBS). _Warren County_: _Lake George_, 5 (USBS). _Washington County_: _Patterns Mills_, 1 (USBS).
NOVA SCOTIA: _Annapolis Co._: Bear River, 7 (NMC); _Lake Kedgemakooge_, 5 (UM); 2 mi. S Milford, 1 (AMNH). _Kings Co._: Black River Dist., 1 (NMC); _no exact locality_, 1 (NMC). _Shelburne County_: Doctors Cove, N Barrington Pa.s.sage, 1 (NMC); _Barrington Pa.s.sage_, 4 (NMC).
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: no exact locality, 1 (USBS).
QUEBEC: Ste. Anne des Monts, 1 (AMNH).
VERMONT: _Addison County_: Orwell, 1 (MCZ); _Lamville County_: Mt.
Mansfield, 2 (USBS). _Windham County_: _Whitingham_, 2 (AMNH).
_Marginal records._--Quebec: Ste. Anne des Monts. New Brunswick: Dalhousie. Prince Edward Island. Nova Scotia: Black River District; Doctors Cove, N Barrington Pa.s.sage. Maine: Columbia Falls; Small Point Beach. Ma.s.sachusetts: Wilmington; 2 mi. N Gilbertville. New York: Berlin; North Wood; Keene Valley. Maine: E branch Pen.o.bscot River. New Brunswick: Baker Lake.
=Zapus hudsonius alascensis= Merriam
_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 2:223, July 15, 1897.
_Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 24:37, November 23, 1904.
_Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 73584, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol.
Surv. Coll.; Yakutat Bay, Alaska; obtained on July 5, 1895, by Clark P.
Streator, original No. 4660.
_Range._--Alaska Peninsula, coastal section of mainland of southern and southeastern Alaska including Revillagigedo Island; also southwestern Yukon. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size large; back from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Dresden Brown, sometimes darkened with black tipped hair usually with darker mid-dorsal area forming a band; sides lighter than back and from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Clay Color; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Ochraceous-Buff; belly white, frequently with a slight suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged and flecked on the inner surface with color of sides; feet grayish-white above; auditory bullae broad and moderately inflated; pterygoid fossae relatively broad; incisive foramina relatively long, zygomata relatively long and broadly bowed; mastoid region relatively broad; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively great; occipitonasal length relatively great.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius tenellus_, _Z. h. alascensis_ differs as follows: Size larger; upper parts darker, less ochraceous; sides duller, less ochraceous more tawny; incisive foramina averaging longer; mastoid region broader; occipitonasal length greater; zygomata wider-spreading and longer; condylobasal length averaging greater; auditory bullae less broadly rounded; and distance from incisors to postpalatal notch averaging greater.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ see account of that subspecies.
_Remarks._--_Zapus hudsonius alascensis_ is a fairly well marked subspecies retaining most of its characters throughout its range.
Variation is noted in specimens from the southwest end of Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft., Yukon Territory, and seems to be the result of intergradation between _Zapus hudsonius hudsonius_ and _Z. h.
alascensis_. These animals are like _Z. h. hudsonius_ in the shape of the auditory bullae but are otherwise more nearly like _Z. h.
alascensis_ to which they are here a.s.signed. Alaskan specimens from 7 mi. SSE Haines, and from a point 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines average slightly larger than _Z. h. alascensis_ in most measurements taken; however, in coloration they more nearly agree with _Z. h. alascensis_ than with _Z. h. hudsonius_ or _Z. h. tenellus_ the geographic ranges of which adjoin that of _Z. h. alascensis_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 56, distributed as follows:
ALASKA: Cook Inlet, Tyonek, 1 (USBS); head Chalitna River, 2 (USBS); Lake Clark, 4 (USBS); east side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines, 8; Yakutat, 3 (USBS); Lake Iliamma, 1 (USBS); Lake Aleknagik, 1 (USBS); _Kokwok_, 1 (USBS); _Nus.h.a.gak River_, 3 (USBS); _Chilkat Peninsula, 10 ft., 7 mi. SSE Haines_, 18; Nus.h.a.gak, 3 (USBS); Chignik Bay, 1 (USBS); Portage Cove, Revillagigedo, 1 (MVZ); _Izembek Bay_, 1 (USBS); Frosty Peak, 1 (USBS).