BRITISH COLUMBIA: _west end Kelsall Lake, 2900 ft._, 1; Stonehouse Creek, 5-1/2 mi. W junction Stonehouse Creek and Kelsall River, 4.
YUKON: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft., 2.
_Marginal records._--Alaska: Lake Aleknagik; head Chalitna River. Yukon: SW end Dezadeash Lake, 2400 ft. Alaska: E side Chilkat River, 100 ft., 9 mi. W and 4 mi. N Haines; Portage Cove, Revillagigedo Island; Yakutat; Cook Inlet, Tyonek; Chignik Bay; Frosty Peak.
=Zapus hudsonius america.n.u.s= (Barton)
_Dipus america.n.u.s_ Barton, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., 4:115, 1799.
_Jaculus america.n.u.s_ Wagler, Nat. Syst. Amphibien, 23, 1830.
_Meriones microcephalus_ Harlan, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 1, 1839, based on two specimens from "the farm of Mr. Beck, in Philadelphia County, a few miles northeast of the city [= Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]."
_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111, 8 (pt. 1): 433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Ma.s.sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the territories, 2nd ser. No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Ma.s.sachusetts, Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania); Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:17, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Peterboro and Waterville, New York, southeastern Ma.s.sachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Ohio).
_Zapus hudsonius america.n.u.s_, Batchelder, Proc. New England Zool.
Club, 1:6, February 8, 1899; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:19, August 8, 1899.
_Zapus hudsonius hardyi_, Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:165, September 11, 1942 (part--the part from New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania).
_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:168, September 11, 1942, type from Bettsville, Seneca County, Ohio.
_Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. Publ.
Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:169, September 11, 1942 (part--the part from southeastern Ohio), type from Cat Run, extreme southeastern Belmont County, Ohio.
_Type._--No type specimen designated. _Dipus america.n.u.s_ was characterized from jumping mice obtained by Barton near the Schuylkill River, a few miles from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
_Range._--Southeastern United States and lower peninsula of Michigan; east of central Indiana; from central New York and Ma.s.sachusetts southward to northern Georgia. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Austroriparian (Lower Austral), Carolinian (Upper Austral), Alleghanian (Transition), and Canadian.
_Description._--Size small; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff with admixture of black-tipped hair forming distinct dorsal band; sides bright, lighter than back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line usually distinct and of color of sides; underparts white, sometimes with slight suffusion of color of sides; tail bicolored, brown to brownish-black above, yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears narrowly edged and heavily flecked with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; skull short; braincase relatively narrow; incisive foramina relatively broad; skull relatively narrow across zygomata; interorbital region relatively broad; distance from incisors to postpalatal notch relatively short; auditory bullae relatively small.
_Comparisons._--Compared with _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h.
america.n.u.s_ differs as follows: Smaller; paler (in a sense brighter because more ochraceous and less tawny); skull smaller; auditory bullae narrower, less inflated; incisive foramina relatively more bowed; condylobasal length averaging less.
From _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_, _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ differs as follows: Smaller; color brighter, more ochraceous, less yellow; braincase relatively narrower; auditory bullae usually smaller; incisive foramina broader; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary usually with median projection; interorbital region averaging broader.
For comparison with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ see account of that subspecies.
_Remarks._--Intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_ occurs in southeastern New York as indicated by a series of 25 specimens from Peterboro. They resemble _Z. h. acadicus_ in width of the mastoid region and relatively longer tooth-row, but in the size and shape of the auditory bullae, width of the pterygoid fossae, and lighter, brighter, color of the sides they are more nearly like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ to which they are here referred.
Intergradation between _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ and _Z. h. acadicus_ is indicated also by specimens from Lawyersville and Schoharie, New York.
In animals from both localities the length of the zygomata and the breadth of the mastoid region are more nearly as in _Z. h. acadicus_, but in size and shape of the auditory bullae, over-all length of the skull, color of the ears, and general color of the pelage they are more nearly like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ to which they are here referred.
Specimens from western Pennsylvania, judged to be _Z. h. hudsonius_ by Preble (1899:17), and those from northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio, allocated to _Z. h. hardyi_ (= _acadicus_) by Bole and Moulthrop (1942:165), are more nearly like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae, short zygomata, relatively narrow mastoid region, and color of pelage.
Specimens from the lower peninsula of Michigan, northeastern Indiana, and northwestern Ohio, described by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:168) as belonging to a new subspecies (_Zapus hudsonius brevipes_), are to me indistinguishable from most specimens of _Z. h. america.n.u.s_. The characters which Bole and Moulthrop (_loc. cit._) ascribe to _Z. h.
brevipes_--color bright Ochraceous-Buff, tail and hind feet short, and skull narrow--are also those of _Z. h. america.n.u.s_.
Specimens from various localities in southeastern Ohio, all within the range ascribed by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._:169) to _Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_, are indistinguishable from specimens of _Z. h.
america.n.u.s_ from eastern Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, and Maryland. _Zapus hudsonius rafinesquei_ (at least that part from southeastern Ohio) is indistinguishable from _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ and therefore is synonymized under _Z. h. america.n.u.s_.
Specimens from Lagrange County, Indiana, show intergradation between _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ and _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ in the color of the pelage but are more nearly like _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ to which they are here referred. One from Porter County, Indiana, is more nearly like _Z.
h. intermedius_ in size and shape of the bullae and in breadth of the pterygoid fossae but in color and degree of lateral bowing of the zygomata is better placed with _Z. h. america.n.u.s_.
_Z. h. america.n.u.s_ is a wide ranging subspecies. Animals at the northern periphery of the range (lower peninsula of Michigan to the west and southeastern Ma.s.sachusetts to the east) are largest and darkest; to the southward there is a progressive reduction in size and a change to a lighter, brighter color. Animals from Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina are more nearly average representatives of the subspecies than are those from the region of the type locality.
A jumping mouse allegedly of this subspecies has been recorded by Coleman (1941:91) from Caesars Head, 300 ft., South Carolina. This specimen and one from Athens, Georgia, provide the southeasternmost record-stations of occurrence for the species _Z. hudsonius_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 318, distributed as follows:
CONNECTICUT: _Hartford County_: _Windsor_, 1 (USBS); _East Hartford_, 2 (MCZ). _Litchfield County_: Sharon, 3 (AMNH); _Macedonia Park_, 2 (AMNH). _Middles.e.x County_: _Clinton_, 1 (AMNH). _Windham County_: South Woodstock, 10 (AMNH); _Pomfret, near Hampton line_, 1.
GEORGIA: _Clarke Co._: Athens, 1 (USBS).
INDIANA: _Lagrange Co._: no exact locality, 2 (UM). _Porter Co._: Mineral Springs, 1 (FM); _no exact locality_, 1 (FM).
MARYLAND: _Anne Arundel County_: _Patuxent Research Refuge_, 1 (USBS).
_Charles County_: _no exact locality_, 1 (USBS). _Garrett Co._: Finzel, 6 mi. N Frostburg, 1 (USBS). _Montgomery County_: _Sandy Springs_, 2 (USBS); _Kensington_, 1 (USNM); _Cabin John Bridge_, 2 (1 USBS; 1 USNM).
_Prince Georges County_: _Laurel_, 8 (USNM); _Branchville_, 1 (USBS); _College Park_, 1. _Worchester County_: a.s.sateague, 5 mi. S Ocean City, 1 (USBS).
Ma.s.sACHUSETTS: _Barnstable County_: _West Falmouth_, 1 (USBS). _Bristol County_: _Raynham_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Dukes County_: _Martha"s Vineyard_, 1 (USBS); _West Chop, Martha"s Vineyard_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Nantucket County_: _Nantucket Island_, 1 (USNM). _Plymouth County_: Middleboro, 1 (USNM); _Plymouth_, 1 (UM); _Marshfield_, 6 (USBS); _Wareham_, 3 (1 Clev. MNH; 2 UM).
MICHIGAN: _Alcona Co._: _2 mi. S Harrisville_, 2 (UM). _Allegan Co._: _near junction Swan Creek and Kalamazoo River_, 3 (UM). _Berrien Co._: _Warren Woods_, 2 (UM); _Three Oaks_, 1 (UM). _Charlevoix Co._: _Thumb Lake_, 1 (UM); _Section 1 Norwood Township_, 1 (UM); _Boyne Falls_, 12 (UM); _2 mi. S Boyne Falls_, 2 (UM). _Cheboygan Co._: Douglas Lake, 2 (UM). _Clinton Co._: _2 mi. SE DeWitt_, 1 (UM). _Emmet Co._: _Maple River, near Douglas Lake_, 1 (UM). _Huron Co._: _Rush Lake_, 1 (UM).
_Kalamazoo Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Lake Co._: _1 mi. NW Chase_, 1 (UM). _Livingston Co._: _George Reserve, Pinckney_, 2 (UM); _Upper Whitewood Lake_, 1 (UM); _Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _Portage Lake_, 3 (UM). _Mason Co._: 9 mi. N Ludington, 1 (UM). _Midland Co._: Sanford, 1 (UM). _Montmorency Co._: _T. 32N, R. 1E, Sec. 30_, 1 (UM). _Muskegon Co._: _4 mi. NW North Muskegon_, 2 (UM). _Oakland Co._: Bloomfield, 1 (UM); _no exact locality_, 1 (UM). _Otsego Co._: _Pigeon River_, 1 (UM); _T. 32N, R. 1W, Sec. 25_, 1 (UM); _Waters_, 1. _Roscommon Co._: _T. 24N, R. 2W, Sec. 2_, 1 (UM). _Shiawa.s.see Co._: _1/2 mi. NE Byron_, 5 (UM); _1/4 mi. S Byron_, 2 (UM); _2 mi. SE Byron_, 1 (UM); _3 mi. SW Byron_, 1 (UM). _Van Buren Co._: _Van Auken Lake_, 1 (UM). _Washtenaw County_: _Whitmore Lake_, 1 (UM); _2 mi. W Cherry Hill_, 1 (UM); _Ann Arbor_, 7 (UM); _2 mi. E Ann Arbor_, 2 (UM); _Willow Run Village_, 1 (UM).
NEW JERSEY: _Bergen County_: Harrington Park, 1 (AMNH); _Englewood_, 1 (USNM). _Cape May County_: _Mays Landing_, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Morris County_: _Mendham_, 1 (AMNH). _Ocean County_: Tuckerton, 3 (USBS).
NEW YORK: _Broome Co._: _5 mi. N Binghamton_, 2 (USNM). _Cayuga County_: E Aurora, 1 (USBS). _Greene County_: Catskills, 4 (USNM); _Kaaterskill Junction_, 1 (USNM). _Madison County_: Peterboro, 25 (2 MCZ; 19 USNM; 4 Clev. MNH). _Na.s.sau County_: Locust Grove, 3 (USNM). _Orange Co._: _Cranberry Pond, 840 ft., Highland_, 2 (USNM). _Otsego County_: _Lake Charlotte_, 1 (AMNH). _Queens County_: _Woodside, Long Island_, 1 (USNM); _near Forest Hills, Long Island_, 1 (AMNH); _Ray Nu Beach, Long Island_, 1 (USNM). _Rockland County_: _Tappan_, 1 (AMNH). _Schoharie County_: _Lawyersville_, 1 (AMNH); _Schoharie_, 1 (AMNH). _Suffolk County_: _Montauk Point, Long Island_, 8 (USBS). _Tioga County_: _Owego_, 1 (USBS). _Westchester Co._: _Bedford_, 1 (AMNH).
NORTH CAROLINA: _Buncombe County_: _Weaverville_, 1 (AMNH). _Cherokee Co._: Martin Creek, 2 (UM). _Mitch.e.l.l County_: Roan Mountain, 2 (USBS).
_Wake County_: Raleigh, 5 (3 USNM; 1 UM; 1 NCS).
OHIO: _Carroll Co._: Carrollton, 2 (UM). _Cuyahoga County_: _Big Creek, Brookside Park_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Dover_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Rocky River Metr. Park_, 3 (Clev. MNH); _North Olmstead_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Erie Co._: _Milan_, 1 (Clev. MNH); _Mill Hollow, Vermilion River_, 1 (Clev. MNH).
_Lake Co._: Holden Arboretum, 3 (Clev. MNH). _Meigs Co._: Portland Station, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Seneca Co._: _Bettsville_, 4 (Clev. MNH); Old Fort Seneca, 4 (Clev. MNH); _Corners_, 1 (Clev. MNH). _Wayne Co._: _Wooster_, 1 (UM); _Craighton_, 1 (UM).
PENNSYLVANIA: _Beaver Co._: _1 mi. NE Darlington_, 1 (CM); _2 mi. E Industry_, 1 (CM); _4 mi. E Frankfort_, 2 (CM). _Bedford Co._: _1 mi. NE Osterburg_, 1 (CM). _Berks Co._: _2 mi. W Strausstown_, 1 (USNM).
_Bradford Co._: _2-1/2 mi. NNW Wyalusing_, 2 (CM). _Bucks Co._: 2 mi. N New Britain, 1 (CM). _Butler Co._: _Thorn Creek, 4 mi. S Butler_, 4 (CM); _2 mi. E Middle Lancaster_, 1 (CM); _Orphans Home, 2 mi. E Mars_, 2 (CM). _Cambria Co._: _2-1/2 mi. S Patton, 1750 ft._, 1 (CM); _5-1/2 mi. NE Ebensburg_, 1 (CM). _Centre Co._: 2, mi. E Snowshoe, 2 (CM).
_Chester Co._: _2 mi. S West Chester_, 1 (CM). _Clinton Co._: _Tamarack, 9 mi. NNW Renovo_, 1 (CM). _Crawford Co._: _Pymatuning Lake_, 3 (Clev.
MNH). _Erie Co._: _4-1/2 mi. SW_ [town of] _North East_; 2 (CM); _East Springfield_, 1 (CM). _Fulton Co._: _1-1/2 mi. NE Warfordsburg, 580 ft._, 1 (CM). _Huntington Co._: _6-1/2 mi. S Shade Gap_, 2 (CM).
_Indiana Co._: _1/2 mi. E Indiana, 1320 ft._, 2 (CM). _Lebanon Co._: _1-1/2 mi. SE Cornwall, 800 ft._, 1 (CM). _Mercer Co._: _2-1/2 mi. W Mercer_, 2 (CM); _5 mi. S Mercer_, 1 (CM). _Monroe Co._: _Pocene Lake_, 1(CM). _Pike Co._: _Bruce Lake_, 1 (CM). _Potter Co._: _Woodc.o.c.k Run, 7-1/2 mi. WSW Ulysses_, 2 (CM). _Sommerset County_: _4 mi. SW Somerset, 2100 ft._, 2 (CM); _New Lexington_, 1 (USBS). _Susquehanna Co._: 10 mi.
NNW Montrose, 1 (CM). _Union Co._: _Glen Iron_, 2 (CM). _Warren Co._: Bensons Swamp, 5 mi. E Columbus, 1 (USNM); _Miles Run, 5 mi. NW Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _1-1/2 mi. N Pittsfield_, 1 (CM); _2-1/2 mi. N Kinzua_, 2 (CM); _2 mi. N Kinzua_, 1 (CM).
TENNESSEE: _Carter Co._: 3 mi. SSW Roan Mountain (town), 2900 ft., 1 (UM).
VIRGINIA: _Amelia Co._: Amelia, 1 (UM). _Elizabeth City County_: Near Hampton, 2 (UM). _Fairfax County_: Fall Church, 4 (2 USNM; 2 USBS); _opposite Plummers Island, Maryland_, 1 (USNM). _Highland Co._: Laurel Park, 9 mi. NNW Monterey, 3100 ft., 4 (UM). _Nelson Co._: _no exact locality_, 5 (USNM). _Norfolk County_: _Deep Creek_, 1 (USBS). _Page Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (USNM). _Smyth Co._: _Sugar Grove_, 1 (UM); _1/2 mi. E Konnarock, 2800 ft._, 1 (UM). _Washington Co._: Konnarock, 2900 ft., 1 (UM).