_Specimens examined._--Total, 199, distributed as follows:
ILLINOIS: _Coles Co._: Fox Ridge State Park, 1 (UIM). _Fulton Co._: _1/2 mi. N Norris_, 2 (UIM); _3 mi. N Canton_, 1 (UIM); _2-1/2 mi. N Canton_, 2 (UIM); _2 mi. NW Canton_, 3 (UIM); 2 mi. W Canton, 1 (UIM); _3 mi. SW Monterey_, 1 (UIM). _Jo Daviess Co._: _near Galen_, 3 (FM). _Kane Co._: Sugar Grove, 1 (Chic. AS). _Lake Co._: Fox Lake, 4 (FM); _Pistake Bay_, 1 (FM). _Perry Co._: 6 mi. S Pinckneyville (near Pyatt), 2 (SITC).
_Vermilion Co._: _Kickapoo State Park_, 2 (UIM); Jordan Creek, 3 mi. NE Fairmont, 5 (UIM).
INDIANA: _Owen Co._: La Fayette, 1 (USNM). _Parks Co._: Turkey Run State Park, 2 (1 UM; 1 UIM). _Posey Co._: Hovey Lake, 1 (UM); New Harmony, 2 (Clev. MNH); no exact locality, 2 (UM). _Sullivan Co._: no exact locality, 1 (UM).
IOWA: _d.i.c.kinson Co._: _Camp Forester, E Okeboji Lake_, 3 (ISC). _Emmet Co._: Fort Defiance State Park, 1 (ISC). _Hamilton Co._: _Little Wall Lake, Jewell_, 6 (ISC). _Ida Co._: Arthur, 1 (ISC). _Lyon Co._: Elgin Township, Sec. 35, 2 (ISC); _Riverside Township, Sec. 28_, 1 (ISC).
_Palo Alto Co._: _Ruthven_, 1 (ISC). _Sioux Co._: Ireton, 1 (UM). _Story Co._: Ames, 1 (ISC). _Winneshiek Co._: Decorah, 3 (UM); _Ridgeway_, 11 (UM); Conover, 3 (UM).
KENTUCKY: _Lyon Co._: no exact locality, 1 (USNM).
MONTANA: _Dawson Co._: Yellowstone River, 7 mi. NE Glendive, 2000 ft., 1 (MVZ).
MINNESOTA: _Ca.s.s County_: _Ca.s.s Lake_, 7 (USBS). _Clearwater Co._: Itasca Park, Biological Station, 5 (UM). _Grant Co._: 3 mi. NW Barrett, 1 (UM). _Jackson Co._: 4 mi. E Heron Lake, 1 (UM). _Ottertail Co._: _5 mi. NW Vergas_, 8 (UM); _4 mi. NW Ashley, 1430 ft._, 2. _Ramsey Co._: St. Paul, 1 (UM). _Sherburne County_: Elk River, 23 (2 UM; 6 MVZ; 3 USBS). _Winona County_: La Crescent, 3 (USBS).
NORTH DAKOTA: _Ca.s.s County_: Fargo, 1 (USBS). _d.i.c.key County_: _Ludden_, 1 (USBS); Ellendale, 1 (USBS). _Kidder County_: _Pettibone_, 3 (Chic.
AS). _La Moure County_: _La Moure_, 1 (USBS). _Oliver County_: Fort Clark, 3 (USBS). _Pembina County_: Pembina, 2 (USNM). _Ramsey County_: Devils Lake, 3 (USBS). _Ramson County_: _Lisbon_, 1 (USBS). _Richland County_: _Wahpeton_, 2 (USBS); _5 mi. NE Fairmont, Sioux River_, 5 (USBS); Blackner, 2 (USBS). _Rolette County_: Fish Lake, 2 (USBS).
_Sioux County_: Cannon Ball, 4 (USBS). _Williams Co._: Grinnell, 2 (USBS).
WISCONSIN: _Burnett County_: Danbury, 1 (USBS). _Chippewa County_: _Holcombe_, 3 (USBS). _Clark County_: _Withee_, 4 (USBS); _Worden Township_, 2 (USBS). _Crawford County_: Lynxville, 1 (USBS). _Dane Co._: _Madison_, 2 (OHIO). _Dodge Co._: _Horicorn Refuge_, 2 (USBS). _Juneau County_: _Mather_, 1 (USBS). _Marathon Co._: _Rib Hill_, 8 (USBS).
_Oconto County_: Lakewood, 1 (USBS). _Portage County_: Stevens Point, 3 (USBS). _Price County_: Ogema, 2 (USBS). _Rock County_: Milton, 1 (USBS). _Sauk County_: _Devils Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Sheboygan County_: 8 mi. SW Mellen, 1 (USBS); _Elkhart Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Walworth County_: _Delavan, Fosters Bridge_, 1 (USBS); _Turtle Lake_, 1 (USBS). _Wood Co._: _Thorp Township_, 2 (AMNH); _Hewett Township_, 4 (AMNH).
_Marginal records._--North Dakota: Fish Lake; Pembina. Wisconsin: Danbury; Ogema; Lakewood. Illinois: Fox Lake. Indiana: La Fayette; New Harmony. Illinois: 6 mi. S Pinckneyville (near Pyatt). Iowa: Ames; Arthur; Ireton. Montana: Yellowstone River, 7 mi. NE Glendive, 2000 ft.
North Dakota: Grinnell.
=Zapus hudsonius ladas= Bangs
_Zapus hudsonius ladas_ Bangs, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 1:10, February 28, 1899.
_Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 4169, E. A. and O. Bangs Coll. (now in Mus. Comp. Zool.); Rigoulette, Hamilton Inlet, Labrador; obtained on July 18, 1895, by C. H. Goldthwaite.
_Range._--Eastern Quebec north of Gulf of St. Lawrence, Labrador, and Newfoundland. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size medium; back relatively dark, near Ochraceous-Tawny with admixture of black-tipped hair; dorsal band relatively wide but not sharply defined against color of sides; side lighter than back, from near Ochraceous-Tawny to near Cinnamon and lined with black-tipped hair; lateral line distinct of clear Cinnamon-Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff; underparts white, often suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail distinctly bicolored, dark brown to black above and yellowish-white to grayish-white below; ears dark, usually flecked with Tawny Ochraceous and edged with ochraceous; feet grayish-white above; incisive foramina relatively short and broad; pterygoid fossae relatively broad; auditory bullae broad and well inflated; mastoid region relatively broad; zygomata relatively short; inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively broad.
_Comparison._--From _Zapus hudsonius acadicus_, which _Z. h. ladas_ closely resembles, it differs in: Color darker, dorsal band much less distinct, underparts more frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; auditory bullae relatively broader and more inflated; pterygoid fossae broader; zygomata averaging shorter; incisive foramina relatively shorter; inferior arm of zygomatic process of maxillary relatively broader.
From _Zapus hudsonius canadensis_, _Z. h. ladas_ differs as follows: Color darker, more richly tawny, dorsal band less distinct; auditory bullae relatively shorter, more inflated; pterygoid fossae averaging broader; zygomata averaging broader; incisive foramina averaging longer.
_Remarks._--This subspecies retains all of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its geographic range. Specimens from Nova Scotia are like _Z. h. ladas_ in their darker color and less distinct dorsal band, but in the remainder of their characters they are distinct and best referable to _Z. h. acadicus_.
_Zapus h. ladas_, with its relatively large size, poorly defined dorsal band, and broad, well inflated auditory bullae, is one of the better marked subspecies of the species _Zapus hudsonius_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 41, distributed as follows:
LABRADOR: Mahkovik, 1 (USNM); Etagaulet Bay, Lake Melvikl, 2 (USNM); 3 mi. above mouth of Naskaupi River, 1 (USNM); _Northwest River_, 6, (USNM); Cartwright, 1 (USBS); Muskrat Falls, Hamilton River, 1 (USNM); Hamilton River, Flour Lake, 3 (USNM); Hawke Harbor, 4 (USNM); Goose Bay, 3 (USNM); _Niger Sound, Islet Bay_, 1 (USNM); Red Bay, 5 (USNM); _Mecklenburg Harbor_, 2 (USNM); _Mary Harbor_, 1 (USNM).
NEWFOUNDLAND: Hare Harbor, 3 (USNM).
_Quebec_: northwest Ungava, 1 (NMC); Moise Bay, 5 (NMC); Trout Lake, near Moise Bay, 1 (NMC).
_Marginal records._--Labrador: Mahkovik; Red Bay. Newfoundland: Hare Harbor. Quebec: Trout Lake, near Moise Bay; northwest Ungava.
=Zapus hudsonius pallidus= c.o.c.krum and Baker
_Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ c.o.c.krum and Baker, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 63:1, April 26, 1950.
_Jaculus hudsonius_, Baird, Repts. Expl. and Surv. 111, 8 (pt. 1):433, July 14, 1858 (part--the part from Platte River, Nebraska, and Ca.s.s County, Missouri).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Coues, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. of the Territories, 2nd ser. No. 5:260, 1877 (part--the part from Platte River, Nebraska).
_Zapus hudsonius campestris_ Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:20, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Columbus in Nebraska and Jackson County in Missouri).
_Type._--Male, adult, No. 22953, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.; NW corner sec. 4, T. 12S, R. 20E, 5-1/2 mi. N, 1-3/4 mi. E Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas; obtained on May 4, 1948, by E. Lendell c.o.c.krum and Rollin H. Baker, original No. 916 of c.o.c.krum.
_Range._--Southern South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma. See fig. 47. Zonal range: Upper Austral (Upper Sonoran and Carolinian).
_Description._--Size small; back near Cinnamon-Buff with admixture of dark-tipped hair forming distinct, broad, dorsal band; sides bright Cinnamon-Buff with spa.r.s.e mixture of dark-tipped hair; lateral line usually distinct, of clear Cinnamon-Buff; belly white, sometimes with suffusion of color of sides, tail bicolored, brownish to brownish-black above, grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, narrowly edged with color of sides; feet white to grayish-white above; mastoid region relatively narrow; maxillary tooth-row relatively short; zygomata relatively short; zygomatic arch relatively broad; interorbital region relatively broad; auditory bullae relatively small and narrow; lateral margins of nasals not constricted posteriorly.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus hudsonius preblei_, _Z. h. pallidus_ differs as follows: Coloration brighter and richer, more buff, less black; zygomatic arch more broadly bowed; condylobasal length averaging less; braincase narrower; interorbital region broader; incisive foramina shorter.
For comparisons with _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ and _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ see accounts of those subspecies.
_Remarks._--The characters that distinguish this jumping mouse from neighboring kinds are relatively stable throughout most of its geographic range. _Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ is one of the best defined subspecies of _Z. hudsonius_.
One specimen from Batesland, South Dakota, is referred to _Z. h.
pallidus_ but shows evidence of intergradation with _Zapus hudsonius campestris_ in the shape of the nasals, incisive foramina, and in breadth of the zygomatic arch. An animal from 3 mi. NE Ponca, Nebraska, is intermediate between _Z. h. pallidus_ and _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ in size and shape of the auditory bullae and in the breadth of the pterygoid fossae, but since this individual shows more resemblance to _Z. h. pallidus_ in coloration and in the majority of cranial characters it is here referred to _Z. h. pallidus_. Specimens from Beemer, Nebraska, show an intergrading tendency toward _Zapus hudsonius intermedius_ in the reduced lateral bowing of the zygomatic arch and in shorter zygomata. Since these individuals resemble _Z. h.
pallidus_ in the majority of characters they are referred to that race.
An individual of _Z. h. pallidus_ from Pevely, Missouri, is to some extent an intergrade with _Z. h. intermedius_ of neighboring southern Illinois. Two individuals of _Z. h. pallidus_ from Mohawk Park, Oklahoma, are darker dorsally than, but otherwise similar to, specimens from the type locality.
_Zapus hudsonius pallidus_ seems to be the terminus of a cline; this is a southward trend toward smaller size and lighter, brighter color. There is a similar clinal tendency in the jumping mice in eastern North America, and _Z. h. america.n.u.s_ from North Carolina, p.r.o.nouncedly resembles _Z. h. pallidus_ from Kansas.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 44, distributed as follows:
KANSAS: _Brown Co._: Horton, 1. _Douglas Co._: Sec. 8, T. 123, R. 20E, 5-1/2 mi. N, 1-3/4 mi. E Lawrence, 10; _5 mi. N and 1-1/2 mi. E Lawrence_, 3; _Robinson Farm, 5 mi. N and 3 mi. E Lawrence_, 2; _4 mi.
N, 2-1/2 mi. E Lawrence_, 1; Lakeview, 2; _7-1/2 mi. SW Lawrence_, 1.
_Greenwood Co._: 1/2 mi. S Hamilton, 1.
MISSOURI: _Cole Co._: Jefferson City, 2 (MO). _Jackson Co._: _no exact locality_, 1 (USBS). _Jefferson County_: Pevely, 1 (USBS).
NEBRASKA: _Blaine Co._: _Dismal River, at Thomas-Blaine County line_, 1 (NGFP). _Boyd Co._: 2 mi. E and 15 mi. S Spencer, 1. _Buffalo Co._: Platte Meadows, Kearney, 1 (HM). _Butler Co._: 5 mi E Rising City, 1.
_Cherry Co._: Niobrara River, 18 mi. NW Kennedy, 1; Ballard Marsh, 20 mi. S Valentine, 1 (JKJ); _Pony Lake Headquarters, Valentine Nat"l Wildlife Refuge_, 1 (JKJ). _Colfax Co._: _2 mi. S Schuyler_, 1 (JKJ).
_c.u.ming County_: Beemer, 4 (USBS). _Dixon Co._: 3 mi. NE Ponca, 1.
_Platte County_: _Columbus_, 1 (USBS). _Richardson Co._: 5 mi. SE Rulo, 1 (NGFP).
OKLAHOMA: _Tulsa Co._: Mohawk Park, 2 (UM).