A. 508. Seven years after his arrival, Cerdic with his son Cynric slay Natan-Leod, king of the Britons, and five thousand men with him.
A. 514. Six years after, Stuf and Wihtgar landed in Britain at Cerdic"s-ore, and suddenly make war on the Britons, whom they put to flight, and themselves remain masters of the field. Thus was completed the fifty-sixth[20] year since Hengist and Horsa first landed in Britain.
A. 519. Five years after, Cerdic and Cynric fought a battle against the Britons at Cerdic"s-ford,[21] on the river Avene, and that same year nominally began to reign.
A. 527. Eight years after, they renew the war against the Britons.
A. 530. After three years, they took the Isle of Wight, the situation of which we have mentioned above: but they did not kill many of the Britons.
A. 534. Four years after, Cerdic with his son Cenric gives up the Isle of Wight into the hands of their two cousins Stuf and Wihtgar. In the course of the same year Cerdic died, and Cenric his son began to reign after him, and he reigned twenty-seven years.
A. 538. When he had reigned four years, the sun was eclipsed from the first hour of the day to the third.[22]
A. 540. Again, two years after, the sun was eclipsed for half-an-hour after the third hour, so that the stars were everywhere visible in the sky.
A. 547. In the seventh year after this, Ida began to reign over the province of Northumberland, whose family derive their kingly t.i.tle and n.o.bility from Woden.
A. 552. Five years after, Cenric fought against the Britons near the town of Scarburh [Old Sarum], and, having routed them, slew a large number.
A. 556. The same, four years afterwards, fought with Ceawlin against the Britons, near a place called Berin-byrig [Banbury?]
A. 560. At the end of about four years, Ceawlin began to reign over the western part of Britain, which is now commonly called Wess.e.x. Moreover, Ella the Iffing is sent to the race of Northumbria, whose ancestry extends up to the highest, namely to Woden.
A. 565. Five years afterwards, Christ"s servant Columba came from Scotia [Ireland] to Britain, to preach the word of G.o.d to the Picts.
A. 568. Three years after his coming, Ceawlin and Cutha stirred up a civil war against Ethelbert, and having defeated him, pursued him into Kent, and slew his two chiefs, Oslaf and Cnebba, in Wubbandune.[23]
A. 571. After three years, Cuthulf fought against the Britons at Bedanford [Bedford], and took four royal cities, namely Liganburh [Lenbury], Eglesburh [Aylesbury], Bensingtun [Benson], and Ignesham [Eynsham].
A. 577. After the lapse of six years, Cuthwin and Ceawlin fight against the Britons, and slay three of their kings, Comail, Condidan, and Farinmail, at a place called Deorhamme [Derham?]; and they took three of their most distinguished cities, Gloucester, Cirencester, and Bath.
A. 584. After seven years, Ceawlin and Cutha fought against the Britons, at a place called Fethanleage [Frethern?]: there Cutha fell; but Ceawlin reduced a mult.i.tude of cities, and took immense spoils.
A. 592. In the eighth year there was a great slaughter on both sides, at a place called Wodnesbyrg [Wemborow?], so that Ceawlin was put to flight, and died at the end of one more year.
A. 593. After him, Cwichelm, Crida, and Ethelfrid, succeeded to the kingdom.
HERE ENDS BOOK THE FIRST.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 17: Capitulum in the original: but no number is annexed.]
[Footnote 18: This should be Marcian and Valentinian.]
[Footnote 19: Perhaps an error for Andredes-leage, formerly Anderida, in Suss.e.x.]
[Footnote 20: This number should be sixty-six.]
[Footnote 21: Charford, near Fordingbridge, Hants.]
[Footnote 22: That is, from seven till nine o"clock in the morning.]
[Footnote 23: Wimbledon, or Worplesdon, Surrey.]
HERE BEGINS THE PROLOGUE TO BOOK THE SECOND.
In the beginning of this book it will not be necessary to make a long preface, my dearest sister; for I have guided my pen down through many perplexed subjects from the highest point, and, omitting those things extracted from sacred and profane history, on which most persons have fixed their attention, have left higher matters to the skilful reader.
And now I must turn my pen to the description of those things which properly concern our ancestors; and though a pupil is not properly called a member, yet it yields no little service to the other members.
We therefore entreat in G.o.d"s name that our words may not be despised by the malevolent, but rather that they may give abundant thanks to the King of heaven, if they seem to speak things of high import.
HERE ENDS THE PROLOGUE; AND THE SECOND BOOK BEGINS.
CHAP. I.--_Of the coming of Augustine, who was sent by the blessed Pope Gregory._ [A.D. 596.]
As Divine Providence, mercifully looking down upon all things from all eternity, is accustomed to rule them, not by necessity, but by its powerful superintendence, and remaining always immoveable in itself, and disposing the different elements by its word, and the human race to come to the knowledge of the truth by the death of his only begotten Son, by whose blood the four quarters of the world are redeemed, so now by his servant doth it dispel the darkness in the regions of the west.
Whilst therefore the blessed pope Gregory sat on the episcopal seat, and sowed the seeds of the gospel of Christ, there stood by him some men of unknown tongue and very comely to look on. The holy man admiring the beauty of their countenances, asked of them with earnestness from what country they came. The young men with downcast looks replied, that they were Angles. "Are you Christians," said the holy man, "or heathens?"
"Certainly not Christians," said they, "for no one has yet opened our ears." Then the holy man, lifting up his eyes, replied, "What man, when there are stones at hand, lays a foundation with reeds?" They answer, "No man of prudence." "You have well said," answered he; and he straightway took them into a room, where he instructed them in the divine oracles, and afterwards washed them with the baptism of Christ: and further he arranged with them, that he would go with them into their country. When the Romans heard of this they opposed his words, and were unwilling to allow their pastor to go so far from home. The blessed pope Gregory, therefore, seeing that the people were opposed to him, sent with the men aforesaid one of his disciples, who was well instructed in the divine oracles, by name Augustine, and with him a mult.i.tude of brethren. When these men arrived, the English received the faith and erected temples, and our Saviour Jesus Christ exhibited innumerable miracles to his faithful followers through the prayers of the bishop, St. Augustine; at whose tomb, even to the present day, no small number of miracles are wrought, with the a.s.sistance of our Lord.
CHAP. II.--_Of king Ethelbert, and of his baptism._ [A.D. 597.]
When the man aforesaid arrived, Ethelbert bore rule over Kent, and receiving the faith, submitted to be baptized with all his house. He was the first king among the English who received the word of Christ. Lastly Ethelbert was the son of Ermenric, whose grandfather was Ochta, who bore the praenomen of Eisc,[24] from which the kings of Kent were afterwards named Esings, as the Romans from Romulus, the Cecropidae from Cecrops, and the Tuscans from Tuscus. For Eisc was the father of Hengist, who was the first consul and leader of the Angles out of Germany; whose father was Wihtgils, his grandfather Witta, his great-grandfather Wecta, his great-grandfather"s father Woden, who also was king of many nations, whom some of the pagans now still worship as a G.o.d. And the number of years that was completed from the incarnation of our Lord was four years less, than six hundred.[25]
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 24: See William of Malmesbury, b. i. c. 1, p. 12, note.]
[Footnote 25: A.D. 596.]
CHAP. III.--_Of Ceolwulf, king of the West-Saxons, and of his continued wars._