In her housework Ruth had developed a system that would have made a fortune for any man if applied in the same degree to his business. I learned a lot from her. Instead of going at her tasks in the haphazard fashion of most women or doing things just because her grandmother and her mother did them a certain way, she used her head. I"ve already told how she did her washing little by little every day instead of waiting for Monday and then tearing herself all to pieces, and that"s a fair example of her method. When she was cooking breakfast and had a good fire, she"d have half her dinner on at the same time. Anything that was just as good warmed up, she"d do then. She"d make her stews and soups while waiting for the biscuits to bake and boil her rice or make her cold puddings while we were eating. When that stove was working in the morning you couldn"t find a square inch of it that wasn"t working. As a result, she planned never to spend over half an hour on her dinner at night and by the time the breakfast dishes were washed she was through with her cooking until then.
She used her head even in little things; she"d make one dish do the work of three. She never washed this dish until she was through with it for good. And she"d find the time at odd moments during her cooking to wash these dishes as they came along. If she spilled anything on the floor she stopped right then and there and cleaned it up, with the result that when breakfast was served, the kitchen looked as ship-shape as when she began. When she _was_ busy, she was the busiest woman you ever saw. She worked with her head, both hands, and her feet. As a result instead of fiddling around all day, when she was through she was through.
When she got up in the morning she knew exactly what she had to do for the day, just how she was going to do it and just when she was going to do it. And you could bank that the things at night would be done, and be done just as she had planned. She thought ahead. That"s a great thing to master in any business.
In my own work, the plan I had outlined for myself I developed day by day. At the end of three months I found that even what little Italian I had then learned was a help to me. The mere fact that I was studying their language placed me on a better footing with my fellows. They seemed to receive it as a compliment and to feel that I was taking a personal interest in them as a race. My desire to practise my few phrases was always a letter of introduction to a newcomer.
I talked with them about everything--where they came from, what made them come, what they did before they came, how long they worked and what pay they got in Italy, how they saved to get over here, how they secured their jobs, what they hoped to do eventually, where they lived, how large their families were, how much it cost them to live and what they ate. I inquired as to what they liked and what they disliked about their work; what they considered fair and what unfair about the labor and the pay; what they liked and didn"t like about the foreman. Often I couldn"t get any opinion at all out of them on these subjects; often it wasn"t honest and often it wasn"t intelligent. But as with my other questioning when I sifted it all down and thought it over, I was surprised at how much information I did get. If I didn"t learn facts which could be put into words, I was left with a very definite impression and a very wide general knowledge.
In the meanwhile my note book was always busy. I kept jotting down names and addresses with enough running comment to help me to recall the men individually. I wasn"t able to locate one out of ten of these men later but the tenth man was worth all the trouble.
As the winter advanced and the air grew frosty and the snow and ice came, the work in a good many ways was harder. And yet everything considered I don"t know but what I"d rather work outdoors at zero than at eighty-five. Except that my hands got numb and everything was more difficult to handle I didn"t mind the cold. There was generally exercise enough to keep the blood moving.
We had a variety of work before spring. After the subway job I shifted to a big house foundation and there met another group of skilled workmen from whom I learned much. The work was easier and the surroundings pleasanter if you can speak of pleasant surroundings about a hole in the ground. The soil was easier to handle and we went to no great depth. Here too I met a new gang of laborers. I missed many familiar faces out of the old crowd and found some interesting new men. Rafferty had gone and I was sorry. I saw more or less of him however during the winter for he dropped around now and then on Sunday evenings. I don"t think he ever forgot the incident of the sewer gas.
I enjoyed too every hour in my night school. I found here a very large per cent. of foreigners and they were naturally of the more ambitious type. I found I had a great deal to learn even in the matter of spreading mortar and using a trowel. It was really fascinating work and in the instructor I made an invaluable friend. Through him I was able to arrange my scattered fragments of information into larger groups. Little by little I told him something of my plan and he was very much interested in it. He gave me many valuable suggestions and later proved of substantial help in more ways than one.
CHAPTER XIII
I BECOME A CITIZEN
As I said, there were still many opportunities which I didn"t have time to improve. The three of us seemed to have breathed in down here some spirit which left us almost feverish in our desire to learn.
Whether it was the opportunity which bred the desire or the desire as expressed by all these newcomers, fresh from the shackles of their old lives, which created the opportunity, I leave to the students of such matters. All I know is that we were offered the best in practical information, such as the trade schools and the night high schools; the best in art, the best in music, the best in the drama. I am speaking always of the newcomer--the emigrant. Sprinkled in with these was the cheaper element of the native-born, whether of foreign or of American descent, who spent their evenings on the street or at the cheap theatres or in the barrooms. This cla.s.s despised the whole business.
Incidentally these were the men who haunted the bread line, the Salvation Army barracks, and were the first to join in any public demonstration against the rich. The women, not always so much by their own fault, were the type which keeps the charitable a.s.sociations busy.
I"m not saying that among these there were not often cases of sheer hard luck. Now and then sickness played the devil with a family and more often the cussedness of some one member dragged down a half dozen innocent ones with him, but I do say that when misfortune did come to this particular cla.s.s they didn"t buck up to it as Helen Bonnington did or use such means as were at their disposal to pull out of it.
They just caved in. Even in their daily lives, when things were going well with them, they lost in the glitter and glare of the city that spark which my middle-cla.s.s friends lost by stagnation.
Because there was no poetic romance left in their own lives, they despised it in the lives of others and laughed at it in art. Whatever went back into the past, they looked upon scornfully as "ancient."
They lived each day as it came with a pride in being up-to-date. As a result, they preferred musical comedy of the horse play kind to real music; they preferred cheap melodrama to Shakespere. They lived and breathed the spirit of the yellow journals.
I don"t know what sort of an education it is the Italians come over here with, but they were a constant surprise to me in their appreciation of the best in art. And it was genuine--it was simple.
I"ve heard a good many jokes about the foolishness of giving them a diet of Shakespere and Beethoven, of Maeterlinck and Mascagni, but that sort of talk comes either from the outsiders or from the Great White Way crowd. When you"ve seen Italians not only crowd in to the free productions down here but have seen them put up good money to attend the best theatres; when you"ve heard them whistle grand opera at their work and save hard earned dollars to spend on it down town; when you"ve seen them crowd the art museums on free days and spend a half dollar to look at some private exhibition of a fellow countryman"s, you begin to think, if you"re honest, that the laugh is on you. They made me feel ashamed not only because I was ignorant but because after I became more familiar with the works of the masters I was slower than they to appreciate them. In many cases I couldn"t. I didn"t flatter myself either that this was because of my superior frankness or up-to-dateness. I knew well enough that it was because of a lack in me and my ancestors.
Scarcely a week pa.s.sed when there wasn"t something worth seeing or hearing presented to these people. It came either through a settlement house or through the generosity of some interested private patron.
However it came, it was always through the medium of a cla.s.s which until now had been only a name to me. This was the independently well-to-do American cla.s.s--the Americans who had partly made and partly inherited their fortunes and had not yet come to misuse them.
It is a cla.s.s still active in American life, running however more to the professions than to business. Many of their family names have been familiar in history to succeeding generations since the early settlement of New England. They were intellectual leaders then and they are intellectual leaders now. If I could with propriety I"d like to give here a list of half a dozen of these men and women who came, in time, to revive for me my belief that after all there still is left in this country the backbone of a worthy old stock. But they don"t need any such trivial tribute as I might give them. The thing that struck me at once about them was that they were still finding an outlet for their pioneer instinct not only in their professions and their business, but in the interest they took in the new pioneer.
Shoulder to shoulder with the modern Pilgrims they were pushing forward their investigations in medicine, in science, in economics.
They were adapting old laws to new conditions; they were developing the new West; they were the new thinkers and the new politicians.
I don"t suppose that if I had lived for fifty years under the old conditions I would have met one of them. There was no meeting ground for us, for we had nothing in common. I couldn"t possibly interest them and I"m sure I was too busy with my own troubles to take any interest in them even if I had known of their existence.
Even down here I resented at first their presence as an intrusion.
Whenever I met them I was inclined to play the cad and there"s no bigger cad on the face of the earth than a workingman who is beginning to feel his oats. But as I watched them and saw how earnest they were and how really valuable their efforts were I was able to distinguish them from still another crowd who flaunted their silly charities in the newspapers. But these other quiet men and women were of different calibre; they were the ones who established pure milk stations, who encouraged the young men of real talent like Giuseppe, and who headed all the real work for good done down here.
They came into my life when I needed them; when perhaps I was swinging too far in my belief that the emigrant was the only force for progress in our nation. I know they checked me in some wild thinking in which I was beginning to indulge.
I find I have been wandering a little. But what we thought, counted for as much towards the goal as what we did and even if the thinking is only that of one man--and an ordinary man at that--why, so for that matter was the whole venture. I want to say again that all I"m trying to do is to put down as well as I can remember and as well as I am able, my own acts and thoughts and nothing but my own. Of course that means Ruth"s and d.i.c.k"s too as far as I understood them, for they were a part of my own. I don"t want what I write to be taken as the report of an investigation but just as the diary of one man"s experience.
If I had had the time I could have seen at least two of Shakespere"s plays--presented by amateurs, to be sure, but amateurs with talent and enthusiasm and guided by professionals. I could have heard at least a half dozen good readers read from the more modern cla.s.sics. I could have listened to as many concerts by musicians of good standing. I could have heard lectures on a dozen subjects of vital interest. Then there were entertainments designed confessedly to entertain. In addition to these there were many more lectures in the city itself open free to the public and which I now for the first time learned about. There was one series in particular which was addressed once a week by men of international renown. It was a liberal education in itself. Many of my neighbors attended.
But as for d.i.c.k he was too busy with his studies and Ruth was too glad to sit at home and watch him, to go out at night.
What spare time I myself had I began to devote to a new interest.
Rafferty had first roused me to my duty as a citizen in the matter of local politics and through the winter called often enough to keep my interest whetted. But even without him I couldn"t have escaped the question. Politics was a live issue down here every day in the year.
One campaign was no sooner ended than another was begun. Sweeney was no sooner elected than he began to lay wires for his fellows in the coming city election who in their turn would sustain him in whatever further political ambitions he might have. If the hold the boss had on a ward or a city was a mystery to me at first, it didn"t long remain so. The secret of his power lay in the fact that he never let go. He was at work every day in the year and he had an organization with which he could keep in touch through his lieutenants whether he was in Washington or at home. Sweeney"s personality was always right there in his ward wherever his body might be.
The Sweeney Club rooms were always open. Night after night you could find his trusted men there. Here the man out of a job came and from here was recommended to one contractor or another or to the "city"; here the man with the sick wife came to have her sent to some hospital which perhaps for some reason would not ordinarily receive her; here the men in court sent their friends for bail; here came those with bigger plans afoot in the matter of special contracts. If Sweeney couldn"t get them what they wanted, he at least sent them away with a feeling of deep obligation to him. Naturally then when election time came around these people obeyed Sweeney"s order. It wasn"t reasonable to suppose that a campaign speech or two could affect their loyalty.
Of course the rival party followed much the same methods but the man in power had a tremendous advantage. The only danger he needed to fear was a split in his own faction as some young man loomed up with ambitions that moved faster than Sweeney"s own for him. Such a man I began to suspect--though it was looking a long way into the future--was Rafferty. That winter he took out his naturalization papers and soon afterwards he began an active campaign for the Common Council. It was partly my interest in him and partly a new sense of duty I felt towards the whole game that made me resolve to have a hand in this. I owed that much to the ward in which I lived and which was doing so much for me.
In talking with some of the active settlement workers down here, I found them as strongly prejudiced against the party in power as I had been and when I spoke to them of Rafferty I found him d.a.m.ned in their eyes as soon as I mentioned his party.
"The whole system is corrupt from top to bottom," said the head of one settlement house to me.
"Are you doing anything to remedy it?" I asked.
"What _can_ you do?" he said. "We are doing the only thing possible--we"re trying to get hold of the youngsters and give them a higher sense of civic virtue."
"That"s good," I said, "but you don"t get hold of one in ten of the coming voters. And you don"t get hold of one in a hundred of the coming politicians. Why don"t you take hold of a man like Dan who is bound to get power some day and talk a little civic virtue into him."
"You said he was a Democrat and a machine man," said he, as though that settled it.
"I don"t see any harm in either fact," I said, "if you get at the good in him. A good Democrat is a good citizen and a good machine is a good power," I said.
The man smiled.
"You don"t know," he said.
"Do _you_ know?" I asked. "Have you been to the rallies and met the men and studied their methods?"
"All you have to do is to read the papers," he answered.
"I don"t think so," I said. "To beat an enemy you ought to study him at first hand. You ought to find out the good as well as the bad in him. You ought to find out where he gets his power."
"Graft and patronage," he answered.
"What about the other party?" I said.
"Just as bad."
"Then what are you going to do about it?" I asked.
"Our only hope is education," he said.