Gunsights (1979) Brendan Early and Dana Moon have tracked renegade Apaches together and gunned down scalp hunters to become Arizona legends. But now they face each other from opposite sides of what newspapers are calling The Rincon Mountain War. Brendan and a gang of mining company gun thugs are dead set on running Dana and "the People of the Mountain" from their land. The characters are unforgettable, the plot packed with action and gunfights from beginning to end.
San Francisco Chronicle: "Cla.s.sic Western fare."
Chicago Sun-Times: "Leonard"s special kind of tough guys were born in the Old West."
From the novel: Bren Early said to Moon, "Do you want to tell him to go stick it in his horse, or should I?"
Sundeen turned toward his partners. They were getting ready.
"I"ll give them three more steps," Bren said and pulled his matched Smith & Wesson .44s. Moon drew his Colts.
Three more strides and that was it.
Sundeen was hollering something, and his two men on the ends fell dead in the first sudden explosion from the wall where Early and Moon stood with revolvers extended, aiming and firing.
Bren said, "He"s used to having his way."
Moon said, "But he didn"t come prepared, did he?"
Cuba Libre (1998) War in Cuba isn"t Ben Tyler"s concern. Still, sailing mares and guns into Havana harbor in 1898 - right past the submerged wreckage of the U.S. battleship Maine Maine - may not be the smartest thing the recently prison-sprung horse wrangler ever did. Neither is shooting one of the local Guardia, though the pompous peac.o.c.k deserved it. Now Tyler"s sitting tight in a vermin-infested Cuban stockade waiting to face a firing squad. But he"s not dying until he gets the money he"s owed from a two-timing American sugar baron. And there"s one smart, pistol-hot lady at the rich man"s side who could help Ben get everything he"s got rightfully coming ... even when the whole d.a.m.n island"s going straight to h.e.l.l. - may not be the smartest thing the recently prison-sprung horse wrangler ever did. Neither is shooting one of the local Guardia, though the pompous peac.o.c.k deserved it. Now Tyler"s sitting tight in a vermin-infested Cuban stockade waiting to face a firing squad. But he"s not dying until he gets the money he"s owed from a two-timing American sugar baron. And there"s one smart, pistol-hot lady at the rich man"s side who could help Ben get everything he"s got rightfully coming ... even when the whole d.a.m.n island"s going straight to h.e.l.l.
Miami Herald: "A wild ride through Cuba during the Spanish-American War.... A good old-fashioned Western served with a sly grin and a side dish of scams." "A wild ride through Cuba during the Spanish-American War.... A good old-fashioned Western served with a sly grin and a side dish of scams."
From the novel: Tyler arrived with the horse February eighteenth, three days after the battleship Maine Maine blew up in Havana harbor. He saw buzzards floating in the sky the way they do but couldn"t make out what they were after. This was off Morro Castle, the cattle boat streaming black smoke as it comes through the narrows. blew up in Havana harbor. He saw buzzards floating in the sky the way they do but couldn"t make out what they were after. This was off Morro Castle, the cattle boat streaming black smoke as it comes through the narrows.
But then pretty soon he saw a ship"s mast and a tangle of metal sticking out of the water, gulls resting on it. One of the Mexican deckhands called to the pilot tug bringing them in, wanting to know what the wreckage was. The pilot yelled back that it was the Maine Maine.
Yeah? The main what? Tyler"s border Spanish failed to serve, trying to make out voices raised against the wind. The deckhand told him it was a buque de guerra buque de guerra, a warship.
The Tonto Woman and Other Western Stories (1998) The Tonto Woman and Other Western Stories is a raw, hard-bitten collection that gathers together the best of Leonard"s Western fiction. In "The Tonto Woman," a young wife, her face tattooed by Indian kidnappers, becomes society"s outcast - until an outlaw vows to set her free... In "Only Good Ones," we meet a fine man turned killer in one impossible moment... "Saint with a Six-Gun" pits a doomed prisoner against his young guard - in a drama of deception and compa.s.sion that leads to a shocking act of courage... In "The Colonel"s Lady," a brutal ambush puts a woman into the hands of a vicious renegade - while a tracker attempts a rescue that cannot come in time... And in "Blood Money," five bank robbers are being picked off one by one, but one man believes he can make it out alive.
Contains: "The Tonto Woman"; "The Captives"; "Only Good Ones"; "You Never See Apaches"; "The Colonel"s Lady"; "The Kid"; "The Big Hunt"; "Apache Medicine"; "No Man"s Guns"; "Jugged"; "The Hard Way"; "Blood Money"; "3:10 to Yuma"; "The Boy Who Smiled"; "Hurrah for Capt. Early"; "Moment of Vengeance"; "Saint with a Six-Gun"; "The Nagual"; Trouble at Rindo"s Station" "The Tonto Woman"; "The Captives"; "Only Good Ones"; "You Never See Apaches"; "The Colonel"s Lady"; "The Kid"; "The Big Hunt"; "Apache Medicine"; "No Man"s Guns"; "Jugged"; "The Hard Way"; "Blood Money"; "3:10 to Yuma"; "The Boy Who Smiled"; "Hurrah for Capt. Early"; "Moment of Vengeance"; "Saint with a Six-Gun"; "The Nagual"; Trouble at Rindo"s Station"
From the collection: "The Captives"
He could hear the stagecoach, the faraway creaking and the m.u.f.fled rumble of it, and he was thinking: It"s almost an hour early. Why should it be if it left Contention on schedule?
His name was Pat Brennan. He was lean and almost tall, with a deeply tanned, pleasant face beneath the straight hat-brim low over his eyes, and he stood next to the saddle, which was on the ground, with the easy hip-shot slouch of a rider. A entry rifle was in his right hand and he was squinting into the sun glare, looking up the grade to the rutted road that came curving down through the spidery Joshua trees.
He lowered the Henry rifle, stock down, and let it fall across the saddle, and kept his hand away from the Colt holstered on his right leg. A man could get shot standing next to a stage road out in the middle of nowhere with a rifle in his hand.
All excerpts from works by Elmore Leonard are copyright by Elmore Leonard, Inc., in the year of publication. Reprinted here with permission.
Selected Filmography The Big Bounce (2003). Announced director: George Armitage. Announced cast: Owen Wilson (Jack Ryan); Morgan Freeman (Walter Crewes); Sara Foster (Nancy Hayes); Gary Sinise (Ray Ritchie)....
Out of Sight (1998). Director: Steven Soderbergh. Cast: George Clooney (John Michael "Jack" Foley); Jennifer Lopez (Karen Sisco); Ving Rhames (Buddy Bragg); Don Cheadle (Maurice "Snoopy" Miller); Dennis Farina (Marshall Sisco); Albert Brooks (Richard "d.i.c.k the Ripper" Ripley); Nancy Allen (Midge); Catherine Keener (Adele Delisi); Isaiah Washington (Kenneth "Kenny"); Steve Zahn (Glenn Michaels); Luis Guzman (Jose Portencio).... (1998). Director: Steven Soderbergh. Cast: George Clooney (John Michael "Jack" Foley); Jennifer Lopez (Karen Sisco); Ving Rhames (Buddy Bragg); Don Cheadle (Maurice "Snoopy" Miller); Dennis Farina (Marshall Sisco); Albert Brooks (Richard "d.i.c.k the Ripper" Ripley); Nancy Allen (Midge); Catherine Keener (Adele Delisi); Isaiah Washington (Kenneth "Kenny"); Steve Zahn (Glenn Michaels); Luis Guzman (Jose Portencio)....
Jackie Brown (1997), based on the novel (1997), based on the novel Rum Punch Rum Punch. Director: Quentin Tarantino. Cast: Pam Grier (Jackie Brown); Samuel L. Jackson (Ordell Robbie); Robert Forster (Max Cherry); Bridget Fonda (Melanie Ralston); Michael Keaton (Ray Nicolette);Robert De Niro (Louis Gara); Michael Bowen (Mark Dargus); Chris Tucker (Beaumont Livingston); Lisa Gay Hamilton (Sheronda)....
Touch (1997). Director: Paul Schrader. Cast: LL Cool J (Himself); Gina Gershon (Debra Lusanne); Conchata Ferrell (Virginia Worrel); John Doe (Elwin Worrel); Christopher Walken (Bill Hill); Skeet Ulrich (Juvenal, a.k.a. Charlie Lawson); Maria Celedonio (Alisha, rehab receptionist); Chris Hogan (Scruffy Staff Worker); Anthony Zerbe (Father Donahue); Bridget Fonda (Lynn Marie Faulkner); William Newman (Court Clerk);Tom Arnold (August Murray); Breckin Meyer (Greg Czarnicki); Matt O"Toole (Bailiff); Richard Fancy (Judge).... (1997). Director: Paul Schrader. Cast: LL Cool J (Himself); Gina Gershon (Debra Lusanne); Conchata Ferrell (Virginia Worrel); John Doe (Elwin Worrel); Christopher Walken (Bill Hill); Skeet Ulrich (Juvenal, a.k.a. Charlie Lawson); Maria Celedonio (Alisha, rehab receptionist); Chris Hogan (Scruffy Staff Worker); Anthony Zerbe (Father Donahue); Bridget Fonda (Lynn Marie Faulkner); William Newman (Court Clerk);Tom Arnold (August Murray); Breckin Meyer (Greg Czarnicki); Matt O"Toole (Bailiff); Richard Fancy (Judge)....
Get Shorty (1995). Director: Barry Sonnenfeld. Cast: John Travolta (Chili Palmer); Gene Hackman (Harry Zimm); Rene Russo (Karen Flores); Danny DeVito (Martin Weir); Dennis Farina (Ray "Bones" Barboni); Delroy Lindo (Bo Catlett); James Gandolfini (Bear); David Paymer (Leo Devoe); Bobby Slayton (d.i.c.k Allen); Martin Ferrero (Tommy Carlo); Jon Gries (Ronnie Wingate); Renee Props (Nicki); Miguel Sandoval (Mr. Escobar); Jacob Vargas (Yayo Portillo); Linda Hart (Fay Devoe).... (1995). Director: Barry Sonnenfeld. Cast: John Travolta (Chili Palmer); Gene Hackman (Harry Zimm); Rene Russo (Karen Flores); Danny DeVito (Martin Weir); Dennis Farina (Ray "Bones" Barboni); Delroy Lindo (Bo Catlett); James Gandolfini (Bear); David Paymer (Leo Devoe); Bobby Slayton (d.i.c.k Allen); Martin Ferrero (Tommy Carlo); Jon Gries (Ronnie Wingate); Renee Props (Nicki); Miguel Sandoval (Mr. Escobar); Jacob Vargas (Yayo Portillo); Linda Hart (Fay Devoe)....
52 Pickup (1986). Director: John Frankenheimer. Cast: Roy Scheider (Harry Mitch.e.l.l); Ann-Margret (Barbara Mitch.e.l.l); Vanity (Doreen); John Glover (Alan Raimy); Robert Trebor (Leo Franks); Lonny Chapman (Jim O"Boyle); Kelly Preston (Cini); Doug McClure (Mark Arveson); Clarence Williams III (Bobby Shy); Alex Henteloff (Dan Lowenthal); Mich.e.l.le Walker (Counter Girl); Philip Bartko (Test Site Worker); Tom Byron (Partygoer); Harvey Cowen (Partygoer); Ron Jeremy (Partygoer).... (1986). Director: John Frankenheimer. Cast: Roy Scheider (Harry Mitch.e.l.l); Ann-Margret (Barbara Mitch.e.l.l); Vanity (Doreen); John Glover (Alan Raimy); Robert Trebor (Leo Franks); Lonny Chapman (Jim O"Boyle); Kelly Preston (Cini); Doug McClure (Mark Arveson); Clarence Williams III (Bobby Shy); Alex Henteloff (Dan Lowenthal); Mich.e.l.le Walker (Counter Girl); Philip Bartko (Test Site Worker); Tom Byron (Partygoer); Harvey Cowen (Partygoer); Ron Jeremy (Partygoer)....
Mr. Majestyk (1974). Director: Richard Fleischer. Cast: Charles Bronson (Vince Majestyk); Al Lettieri (Frank Renda, hit man); Linda Cristal (Nancy Chavez, labor organizer); Lee Purcell (Wiley, Renda"s girl); Paul Koslo (Bobby Kopas, punk); Taylor Lacher (Gene Lundy, Renda"s henchman); Frank Maxwell (Det. Lt. McAllen, Edna Police Dept.); Alejandro Rey (Larry Mendoza, Majestyk"s foreman); Jordan Rhodes (Deputy Harold Richie, Edna Police Dept.); Bert Santos (Julio Tomas, labor contractor); Luis Ramirez (Labor Contractor).... (1974). Director: Richard Fleischer. Cast: Charles Bronson (Vince Majestyk); Al Lettieri (Frank Renda, hit man); Linda Cristal (Nancy Chavez, labor organizer); Lee Purcell (Wiley, Renda"s girl); Paul Koslo (Bobby Kopas, punk); Taylor Lacher (Gene Lundy, Renda"s henchman); Frank Maxwell (Det. Lt. McAllen, Edna Police Dept.); Alejandro Rey (Larry Mendoza, Majestyk"s foreman); Jordan Rhodes (Deputy Harold Richie, Edna Police Dept.); Bert Santos (Julio Tomas, labor contractor); Luis Ramirez (Labor Contractor)....
Valdez Is Coming (1971). Director: Edwin Sherin. Cast: Burt Lancaster (Bob Valdez); Susan Clark (Gay Erin); Frank Silvera (Diego); Jon Cypher (Frank Tanner); Richard Jordan (R.L. Davis); Barton Heyman (El Segundo); Hector Elizondo (Mexican Rider); Phil Brown (Malson); Ralph Brown (Beaudry); Werner Ha.s.selmann (Sheriff); Lex Monson (Rincon); Roberta Haynes (Polly); Sylvia Poggioli (Segundo"s girl); Jose Garcia (Carlos); Maria Montez (Anita).... (1971). Director: Edwin Sherin. Cast: Burt Lancaster (Bob Valdez); Susan Clark (Gay Erin); Frank Silvera (Diego); Jon Cypher (Frank Tanner); Richard Jordan (R.L. Davis); Barton Heyman (El Segundo); Hector Elizondo (Mexican Rider); Phil Brown (Malson); Ralph Brown (Beaudry); Werner Ha.s.selmann (Sheriff); Lex Monson (Rincon); Roberta Haynes (Polly); Sylvia Poggioli (Segundo"s girl); Jose Garcia (Carlos); Maria Montez (Anita)....
Hombre (1967). Director: Martin Ritt. Cast: Paul Newman (John Russell); Fredric March (Faver); Richard Boone (Grimes); Diane Cilento (Jessie); Cameron Mitch.e.l.l (Braden); Barbara Rush (Audra Favor); Peter Lazer (Billy Lee Blake); Margaret Blye (Doris Blake); Martin Balsam (Henry Mendez); Skip Ward (Steve Early); Frank Silvera (Mexican Bandit); David Canary (Lamar Dean); Val Avery (Delgado); Larry Ward (Soldier).... (1967). Director: Martin Ritt. Cast: Paul Newman (John Russell); Fredric March (Faver); Richard Boone (Grimes); Diane Cilento (Jessie); Cameron Mitch.e.l.l (Braden); Barbara Rush (Audra Favor); Peter Lazer (Billy Lee Blake); Margaret Blye (Doris Blake); Martin Balsam (Henry Mendez); Skip Ward (Steve Early); Frank Silvera (Mexican Bandit); David Canary (Lamar Dean); Val Avery (Delgado); Larry Ward (Soldier)....
The Tall T (1957). Director: Budd Boetticher. Cast: Randolph Scott (Pat Brennan); Richard Boone (Usher); Maureen O"Sullivan (Doretta Mims); Arthur Hunnicutt (Ed Rintoon); Skip Homeier (Billy Jack); Henry Silva (c.h.i.n.k); John Hubbard (Willard Mims); Robert Burton (Tenvoorde); Robert Anderson (Jace); Fred Sherman (Hank Parker); Chris Olsen (Jeff).... (1957). Director: Budd Boetticher. Cast: Randolph Scott (Pat Brennan); Richard Boone (Usher); Maureen O"Sullivan (Doretta Mims); Arthur Hunnicutt (Ed Rintoon); Skip Homeier (Billy Jack); Henry Silva (c.h.i.n.k); John Hubbard (Willard Mims); Robert Burton (Tenvoorde); Robert Anderson (Jace); Fred Sherman (Hank Parker); Chris Olsen (Jeff)....
3:10 to Yuma (1957). Director: Delmer Daves. Cast: Glenn Ford (Ben Wade); Van Heflin (Dan Evans); Felicia Farr (Emmy); Leora Dana (Mrs. Alice Evans); Henry Jones (Alex Potter, town drunk); Richard Jaeckel (Charlie Prince); Robert Emhardt (Mr. b.u.t.terfield, stage line owner); Sheridan Comerate (Bob Moons, stage driver"s brother); George Mitch.e.l.l (Bartender); Robert Ellenstein (Ernie Collins); Ford Rainey (Bisbee Marshal).... (1957). Director: Delmer Daves. Cast: Glenn Ford (Ben Wade); Van Heflin (Dan Evans); Felicia Farr (Emmy); Leora Dana (Mrs. Alice Evans); Henry Jones (Alex Potter, town drunk); Richard Jaeckel (Charlie Prince); Robert Emhardt (Mr. b.u.t.terfield, stage line owner); Sheridan Comerate (Bob Moons, stage driver"s brother); George Mitch.e.l.l (Bartender); Robert Ellenstein (Ernie Collins); Ford Rainey (Bisbee Marshal)....
In the works (as of October 2002): Be Cool (MGM; Jersey Films), and the return of Chili Palmer. (MGM; Jersey Films), and the return of Chili Palmer.
Tenkiller (Bruce Willis attached; you can read this short story in Elmore Leonard"s (Bruce Willis attached; you can read this short story in Elmore Leonard"s When the Women Come Out to Dance When the Women Come Out to Dance).
Tishomingo Blues, optioned by FilmFour (s.e.xy Beast).
If It Sounds Like Writing, Rewrite It These are rules I"ve picked up along the way to help me remain invisible when I"m writing a book, to help me show rather than tell what"s taking place in the story. If you have a facility for language and imagery and the sound of your voice pleases you, invisibility is not what you are after, and you can skip the rules. Still, you might look them over.
1. Never open a book with weather.
If it"s only to create atmosphere, and not a character"s reaction to the weather, you don"t want to go on too long. The reader is apt to leaf ahead looking for people. There are exceptions. If you happen to be Barry Lopez, who has more ways to describe ice and snow than an Eskimo, you can do all the weather reporting you want.
2. Avoid prologues.
They can be annoying, especially a prologue following an introduction that comes after a foreword. But these are ordinarily found in nonfiction. A prologue in a novel is backstory, and you can drop it in anywhere you want.
There is a prologue in John Steinbeck"s Sweet Thursday Sweet Thursday, but it"s O.K. because a character in the book makes the point of what my rules are all about. He says: "I like a lot of talk in a book and I don"t like to have n.o.body tell me what the guy that"s talking looks like. I want to figure out what he looks like from the way he talks... figure out what the guy"s thinking from what he says. I like some description but not too much of that.... Sometimes I want a book to break loose with a bunch of hooptedoodle.... Spin up some pretty words maybe or sing a little song with language. That"s nice. But I wish it was set aside so I don"t have to read it. I don"t want hooptedoodle to get mixed up with the story.""
3. Never use a verb other than said to carry dialogue.
The line of dialogue belongs to the character; the verb is the writer sticking his nose in. But said is far less intrusive than grumbled, gasped, cautioned, lied. I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with "she a.s.severated,"" and had to stop reading to get the dictionary.
4. Never use an adverb to modify the verb said ...
... he admonished gravely. To use an adverb this way (or almost any way) is a mortal sin. The writer is now exposing himself in earnest, using a word that distracts and can interrupt the rhythm of the exchange. I have a character in one of my books tell how she used to write historical romances "full of rape and adverbs.""
5. Keep your exclamation points under control.
You are allowed no more than two or three per 100,000 words of prose. If you have the knack of playing with exclaimers the way Tom Wolfe does, you can throw them in by the handful.
6. Never use the words suddenly or all h.e.l.l broke loose.
This rule doesn"t require an explanation. I have noticed that writers who use "suddenly"" tend to exercise less control in the application of exclamation points.
7. Use regional dialect, patois, sparingly.
Once you start spelling words in dialogue phonetically and loading the page with apostrophes, you won"t be able to stop. Notice the way Annie Proulx captures the flavor of Wyoming voices in her book of short stories Close Range Close Range.
8. Avoid detailed descriptions of characters.
Which Steinbeck covered. In Ernest Hemingway"s "Hills Like White Elephants"" what do the "American and the girl with him"" look like? "She had taken off her hat and put it on the table."" That"s the only reference to a physical description in the story, and yet we see the couple and know them by their tones of voice, with not one adverb in sight.
9. Don t go into great detail describing places and things.
Unless you"re Margaret Atwood and can paint scenes with language or write landscapes in the style of Jim Harrison. But even if you"re good at it, you don"t want descriptions that bring the action, the flow of the story, to a standstill.
And finally: 10. Try to leave out the part that readers tend to skip.
A rule that came to mind in 1983. Think of what you skip reading a novel: thick paragraphs of prose you can see have too many words in them. What the writer is doing, he"s writing, perpetrating hooptedoodle, perhaps taking another shot at the weather, or has gone into the character"s head, and the reader either knows what the guy"s thinking or doesn"t care. I"ll bet you don"t skip dialogue.
My most important rule is one that sums up the ten.
If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it.
Or, if proper usage gets in the way, it may have to go. I can"t allow what we learned in English composition to disrupt the sound and rhythm of the narrative. It"s my attempt to remain invisible, not distract the reader from the story with obvious writing. (Joseph Conrad said something about words getting in the way of what you want to say.) If I write in scenes and always from the point of view of a particular character - the one whose view best brings the scene to life - I"m able to concentrate on the voices of the characters telling you who they are and how they feel about what they see and what"s going on, and I"m nowhere in sight.
What Steinbeck did in Sweet Thursday Sweet Thursday was t.i.tle his chapters as an indication, though obscure, of what they cover. "Whom the G.o.ds Love They Drive Nuts" is one, "Lousy Wednesday" another. The third chapter is t.i.tled "Hooptedoodle (1)" and the 38th chapter "Hooptedoodle (2)" as warnings to the reader, as if Steinbeck is saying: "Here"s where you"ll see me taking flights of fancy with my writing, and it won"t get in the way of the story. Skip them if you want." was t.i.tle his chapters as an indication, though obscure, of what they cover. "Whom the G.o.ds Love They Drive Nuts" is one, "Lousy Wednesday" another. The third chapter is t.i.tled "Hooptedoodle (1)" and the 38th chapter "Hooptedoodle (2)" as warnings to the reader, as if Steinbeck is saying: "Here"s where you"ll see me taking flights of fancy with my writing, and it won"t get in the way of the story. Skip them if you want."
Martin Amis Interviews The
d.i.c.kens of Detroit The Writers Guild Theatre, Beverly Hills, January 23, 1998. Sponsored by Writers Bloc; Andrea Grossman, Founder.
Martin Amis: We"re welcoming here Elmore Leonard, also known as "Dutch." And rather less formally, "The d.i.c.kens of Detroit." It is an apt description, I think, because he is as close as anything you have here in America to a national novelist, a concept that almost seemed to die with Charles d.i.c.kens but has here been revived. We"re welcoming here Elmore Leonard, also known as "Dutch." And rather less formally, "The d.i.c.kens of Detroit." It is an apt description, I think, because he is as close as anything you have here in America to a national novelist, a concept that almost seemed to die with Charles d.i.c.kens but has here been revived.
I was recently in Boston visiting Saul Bellow, and on the shelves of the n.o.bel laureate, I spied several Elmore Leonards. Saul Bellow has a high, even exalted view of what literature is and does. For him, it creates the "quiet zone" where certain essences can nourish what he calls "our fair souls." This kind of literature of the Prousto-Nabokovian variety has recently been a.s.signed the label "minority interest." There is patently nothing "minority interest" about Elmore Leonard. He is a popular writer in several senses. But Saul Bellow and I agreed that for an absolutely reliable and unstinting infusion of narrative pleasure in a prose miraculously purged of all false qualities, there was no one quite like Elmore Leonard.
I thought we might begin at the beginning, and talk about your early years as a writer and how you got started. In my experience, everyone at the age of fourteen or fifteen (or a bit earlier) starts to commune with themselves and to keep notes and to keep a diary. It"s only the writers who go on with that kind of adolescent communion. Was it like that for you? Did you get the glimmer quite early on?
Elmore Leonard: Let me ask first: Do you think if I lived in Buffalo, I"d be d.i.c.kens? [Laughter] Let me ask first: Do you think if I lived in Buffalo, I"d be d.i.c.kens? [Laughter]
Amis: "The Balzac of Buffalo," perhaps. [Laughter] "The Balzac of Buffalo," perhaps. [Laughter]
Leonard: I had a desire to write very early on but I didn"t. I wrote just what I had to write in school compositions and things like that. It wasn"t until I was in college after World War II that I wrote a couple of short stories. The first one because the English instructor said, "If you enter this contest" - it was a local writers" club within the University of Detroit - "I"ll give you a B." I"ve always been inspired in this somewhat commercial approach toward writing. [Laughter] Which is why I chose Westerns to begin with. I had a desire to write very early on but I didn"t. I wrote just what I had to write in school compositions and things like that. It wasn"t until I was in college after World War II that I wrote a couple of short stories. The first one because the English instructor said, "If you enter this contest" - it was a local writers" club within the University of Detroit - "I"ll give you a B." I"ve always been inspired in this somewhat commercial approach toward writing. [Laughter] Which is why I chose Westerns to begin with.
In 1951, I decided to look at the field. I looked at the market, and I saw Westerns in The Sat.u.r.day Evening Post The Sat.u.r.day Evening Post, Collier s Collier s, almost everything from the Ladies Home Journal Ladies Home Journal down through men"s magazines and pulps. There were then at least a dozen pulps still in business, the better ones paying two cents a word. So I decided this was a market. What with all of these magazines buying short stories, this was the place to start. And because I liked Western movies a lot, and I wanted to sell to Hollywood right away and make some money, I approached this with a desire to write but also to make as much money as I could doing it. I didn"t see anything wrong with that at all. I think the third one sold, and that was it. After that, they"ve all sold since then. But then the market dried up, and I had to switch to crime. down through men"s magazines and pulps. There were then at least a dozen pulps still in business, the better ones paying two cents a word. So I decided this was a market. What with all of these magazines buying short stories, this was the place to start. And because I liked Western movies a lot, and I wanted to sell to Hollywood right away and make some money, I approached this with a desire to write but also to make as much money as I could doing it. I didn"t see anything wrong with that at all. I think the third one sold, and that was it. After that, they"ve all sold since then. But then the market dried up, and I had to switch to crime.
Amis: You were also, as I understand, writing commentaries for educational films and industrial movies. You were also, as I understand, writing commentaries for educational films and industrial movies.
Leonard: Yes, industrial movies about air pollution, building highways, Yes, industrial movies about air pollution, building highways, Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica, geography, and history movies. I did about a dozen of those - the settlement of the Mississippi Valley, the French and Indian War, the Danube, Puerto Rico. I think they were twentyseven-minute movies. I did that right after I had left an ad agency where I was writing Chevrolet ads, which drove me crazy. Because you had to write real cute then. I had a lot of trouble with that. I could do truck ads, but I couldn"t do convertibles at all. [Laughter] So I got out of that. But I still had to make a living. So I got into the industrial movies and a little freelance advertising.
Amis: But the breakthrough was But the breakthrough was Hombre Hombre, was it not?
Leonard: Yes, the sale to the movies. Because the book itself I wrote in "59, and by then the market was so weak. I was getting $4,000 for a paperback, for example. And that one sold for $1,250, and it took two years to sell it. I didn"t get that much for the movie rights, either, four or five years later. That was when I got back into fiction writing. Yes, the sale to the movies. Because the book itself I wrote in "59, and by then the market was so weak. I was getting $4,000 for a paperback, for example. And that one sold for $1,250, and it took two years to sell it. I didn"t get that much for the movie rights, either, four or five years later. That was when I got back into fiction writing.
Amis: How do you feel when a book of yours goes through the treadmill of being turned into a movie? It"s happened to me once, in my first novel, How do you feel when a book of yours goes through the treadmill of being turned into a movie? It"s happened to me once, in my first novel, The Rachel Papers The Rachel Papers, and I thought, "Whatever they do to it, the book will still be there."
Leonard: I believe that. There"s no question about that. I"m not concerned with how closely it"s adapted. I just hope it"s a good movie. For example, I believe that. There"s no question about that. I"m not concerned with how closely it"s adapted. I just hope it"s a good movie. For example, Rum Punch Rum Punch to to Jackie Brown Jackie Brown. Quentin Tarantino, just before he started to shoot, said, "I"ve been afraid to call you for the last year." I said, "Why? Because you changed the t.i.tle of my book? And you"re casting a black woman in the lead?" And he said, "Yeah." And I said, "You"re a filmmaker. You can do whatever you want." I said, "I think Pam Grier is a terrific idea. Go ahead." I was very pleased with the results, too.
Amis: And how about And how about Get Shorty Get Shorty? That must have felt like another breakthrough.
Leonard: It was. It was the first contemporary story of mine that I really liked on the screen. And I said to Barry Sonnenfeld, the director, "But you"re advertising this as a comedy." And he said, "Well, it"s a funny book." And I think it did have my sound, and it had Barry"s look. Because I could hear my characters on the screen, and I think the reason it worked was because they all took each other seriously and didn"t laugh. There weren"t any nods to the audience, any signals to the audience with grins or winks that that was a funny line. It was up to the audience to decide. This was the first question I asked Barry. I said, "When you shoot, I hope you don"t cut to reactions to lines." He understood that, of course. It was. It was the first contemporary story of mine that I really liked on the screen. And I said to Barry Sonnenfeld, the director, "But you"re advertising this as a comedy." And he said, "Well, it"s a funny book." And I think it did have my sound, and it had Barry"s look. Because I could hear my characters on the screen, and I think the reason it worked was because they all took each other seriously and didn"t laugh. There weren"t any nods to the audience, any signals to the audience with grins or winks that that was a funny line. It was up to the audience to decide. This was the first question I asked Barry. I said, "When you shoot, I hope you don"t cut to reactions to lines." He understood that, of course.
Amis: I was on the set of I was on the set of Get Shorty Get Shorty, as a journalist. I was writing a profile of John Travolta [for The New Yorker The New Yorker]. And usually when a journalist goes to the set of a film, he stays for six hours and sees one person cross a road and then goes home again. But on this occasion, I got to see the fight between Chili and the Bear [James Gandolfini] at LAX in the car park. And John Travolta, who is sweetness incarnate, gave me an insight into the star system. We were all going off to lunch, and a limousine appeared. I was going to have lunch with John in his trailer. I thought there was obviously some way to John"s trailer. In we got and drove a few feet, and John said to the driver, "Pull over," and then asked the Bear if he wanted a ride. And the Bear said, no, he was fine, he was going to do it on foot. And then we started off again and pulled up at the elevator. And that"s as far as we went. The Bear joined us in the car and down we rode. Travolta explained that it was as important to seem like a star as it is to be a star. [Laughter]
Movies deal with externals, largely, and books with internals. Is that what strikes you as the main difference between the forms?
Leonard: I would say definitely that. The first day I was on the set of I would say definitely that. The first day I was on the set of Get Shorty Get Shorty, John Travolta called me "Mr. Leonard." And I let him. He got over that.
Amis: Did you call him "Mr. Travolta"? Did you call him "Mr. Travolta"?
Leonard: No, I didn"t. I"m using my age now. [Laughter] No, I didn"t. I"m using my age now. [Laughter]
I don"t think there"s any question that it"s difficult for movies to internalize. The reason I"ve been able to sell all my books is because they look like they"re easy to shoot. They"re written in scenes, and the stories move through dialogue. I think the problem has been, in the past, that they"ve been taken too seriously. They haven"t been looked at as if there is humor in them. And also the fact that when you bring a 350-page ma.n.u.script down to 120 pages, in my books a lot of the good stuff is gone. It disappears. Because then you"re more interested in plot than you are in, say, character development.
Amis: People say that movies will be the nemesis of the novel. But I think that"s a crisis that"s already been survived. I think the novel is more threatened from the Internet than from movies. I feel the movies are still an immature form, a young form, that they"re still in the adolescent stage. It will take a while before they can challenge the internal nature of the book. Do you ever worry about the death of the book? People say that movies will be the nemesis of the novel. But I think that"s a crisis that"s already been survived. I think the novel is more threatened from the Internet than from movies. I feel the movies are still an immature form, a young form, that they"re still in the adolescent stage. It will take a while before they can challenge the internal nature of the book. Do you ever worry about the death of the book?
Leonard: No, I can"t imagine such a thing. Ed McBain and I were on one of the morning shows, and we were asked, "To what do you attribute the resurgence in popularity in crime fiction?" And we looked at each other, and we thought it was always very popular. We didn"t know that it had dipped at all. We have to always have novels. My G.o.d, what would you read? No, I can"t imagine such a thing. Ed McBain and I were on one of the morning shows, and we were asked, "To what do you attribute the resurgence in popularity in crime fiction?" And we looked at each other, and we thought it was always very popular. We didn"t know that it had dipped at all. We have to always have novels. My G.o.d, what would you read?
Amis: Well, they say you won"t be reading; you"ll be having some kind of cybernetic experience. I think that the future of the book perhaps will be that the book will coexist with some kind of cybernetic experience, where the punter, the depositor (or whatever you want to call him), may read your book and then take you out to dinner in cybers.p.a.ce - looking ahead about a hundred years. Well, they say you won"t be reading; you"ll be having some kind of cybernetic experience. I think that the future of the book perhaps will be that the book will coexist with some kind of cybernetic experience, where the punter, the depositor (or whatever you want to call him), may read your book and then take you out to dinner in cybers.p.a.ce - looking ahead about a hundred years.
Now, I"m going to ask you this question because I"m always tortured by it. This is the sort of invariable question of the tour. Do you set yourself a time to write every day? How hard do you press on the paper when you write? I"m asked this so unerringly that I think people suspect that I"m going to reveal that what you do is you go into your study and you plug your ear into the light socket and then some inner voice tells you what to write. But what is your routine and how do you go about it?
Leonard: I write every day when I"m writing; some Sat.u.r.days and Sundays, a few hours each day. Because I want to stay with it. If a day goes by and you haven"t done anything, or a couple of days, it"s difficult to get back into the rhythm of it. I usually start working around nine-thirty and I work until six. I"m lucky to get what I consider four clean pages. They"re clean until the next day, the next morning. The time flies by. I can"t believe it. When I look at the clock and it"s three o"clock and I think, "Good, I"ve got three more hours." And then I think, "I must have the best job in the world." I don"t look at this as work. I don"t look at it as any kind of test, any kind of proof of what I can do. I have a good time. I write every day when I"m writing; some Sat.u.r.days and Sundays, a few hours each day. Because I want to stay with it. If a day goes by and you haven"t done anything, or a couple of days, it"s difficult to get back into the rhythm of it. I usually start working around nine-thirty and I work until six. I"m lucky to get what I consider four clean pages. They"re clean until the next day, the next morning. The time flies by. I can"t believe it. When I look at the clock and it"s three o"clock and I think, "Good, I"ve got three more hours." And then I think, "I must have the best job in the world." I don"t look at this as work. I don"t look at it as any kind of test, any kind of proof of what I can do. I have a good time.
Amis: And it just seems to flow? There are no days when whole hours are spent gazing out of the window, picking your nose, making coffee? And it just seems to flow? There are no days when whole hours are spent gazing out of the window, picking your nose, making coffee?
Leonard: Oh yeah, there are whole hours" work to make one short paragraph work. Oh yeah, there are whole hours" work to make one short paragraph work.
Amis: I want to ask about your prose. Your prose makes Raymond Chandler look clumsy. Now the way I do it is: I say the sentence in my head until nothing sticks out, there are no "elbows," there are no stubbings of toe; it just seems to chime with some tuning fork inside my head. And then I know the sentence is ready. In your work, pages and pages go by without me spotting any "elbows." Even with the great stylists of modern fiction, you know you"re always going to come across phrases like "Standing on the landing" or "the cook took a look at the book." There"s always some "elbow" sticking out, there"s some rhyme causing the reader to pause and wonder and think, "That"s not quite right." With you, it"s all planed flat. How do you plane your prose into this wonderful instrument? I want to ask about your prose. Your prose makes Raymond Chandler look clumsy. Now the way I do it is: I say the sentence in my head until nothing sticks out, there are no "elbows," there are no stubbings of toe; it just seems to chime with some tuning fork inside my head. And then I know the sentence is ready. In your work, pages and pages go by without me spotting any "elbows." Even with the great stylists of modern fiction, you know you"re always going to come across phrases like "Standing on the landing" or "the cook took a look at the book." There"s always some "elbow" sticking out, there"s some rhyme causing the reader to pause and wonder and think, "That"s not quite right." With you, it"s all planed flat. How do you plane your prose into this wonderful instrument?
Leonard: First of all, I"m always writing from a point of view. I decide what the purpose of the scene is, and at least begin with some purpose. But, even more important, from whose point of view is this scene seen? Because then the narrative will take on somewhat the sound of the person who is seeing the scene. And from his dialogue, that"s what goes, somewhat, into the narrative. I start to write and I think, "Upon entering the room," and I know I don"t want to say "Upon entering the room." I don"t want my writing to sound like the way we were taught to write. Because I don"t want you to be aware of my writing. I don"t have the language. I have to rely upon my characters. First of all, I"m always writing from a point of view. I decide what the purpose of the scene is, and at least begin with some purpose. But, even more important, from whose point of view is this scene seen? Because then the narrative will take on somewhat the sound of the person who is seeing the scene. And from his dialogue, that"s what goes, somewhat, into the narrative. I start to write and I think, "Upon entering the room," and I know I don"t want to say "Upon entering the room." I don"t want my writing to sound like the way we were taught to write. Because I don"t want you to be aware of my writing. I don"t have the language. I have to rely upon my characters.
Amis: So, when you say it"s character-driven, do you mean you"re thinking, How would this character see this scene? Because you"re usually third-person. You don"t directly speak through your characters, but there is a kind of third-person that is a first-person in disguise. Is that the way you go at it? So, when you say it"s character-driven, do you mean you"re thinking, How would this character see this scene? Because you"re usually third-person. You don"t directly speak through your characters, but there is a kind of third-person that is a first-person in disguise. Is that the way you go at it?
Leonard: It takes on somewhat of a first-person sound, but not really. Because I like third-person. I don"t want to be stuck with one character"s viewpoint, because there are too many viewpoints. And, of course, the bad guys" viewpoints are a lot more fun. What they do is more fun. A few years ago, a friend of mine in the publishing business called up and said, "Has your good guy decided to do anything yet?" [Laughter] It takes on somewhat of a first-person sound, but not really. Because I like third-person. I don"t want to be stuck with one character"s viewpoint, because there are too many viewpoints. And, of course, the bad guys" viewpoints are a lot more fun. What they do is more fun. A few years ago, a friend of mine in the publishing business called up and said, "Has your good guy decided to do anything yet?" [Laughter]