[6] Cf. _An Inquiry into the Conditions and Occupations of the People in Central London_, R. A. Valpy.
[7] This statement is borne out by _A Return of Expenditure of Working- Men_, for 1889, published by the Labour Department of the Board of Trade.
[8] See two interesting papers, "Our Farmers in Chains," by the Rev.
Harry Jones (_National Review_, April and July, 1890).
[9] Arnold White: _The Problems of a Great City_, p. 159.
[10] Marshall"s _Principles of Economics_, II. ch. iv. --2.
[11] De Tocqueville, _Ancient Regime_, ch. xvi.
[12] _Report of the Industrial Remuneration Conference_, 1886, p. 429.
[13] Cannan"s _Elementary Political Economy_, part ii. -- 15.
[14] _Industrial Remuneration Congress Report_, p. 153. Mr. W. Owen.
[15] _Economics of Industry_, p. 111.
[16] _Principles of Economics_, pp. 314, 316.
[17] Kirkup, _Inquiry into Socialism_, p. 72.
[18] Booth"s _Labour and Life of the People, _vol. i. Part. III. ch. ii.
_Influx of Population, _by H. Llewellyn Smith. A most valuable paper, from which many of the facts here stated have been drawn.
[19] The official estimate is not precise, since our statistics of emigration refer only to non-European countries.
[20] _Labour and Life of the People_, vol. i. p. 237.
[21] _Labour and Life of East London_, vol. i. p. 224.
[22] _Report on the Sweating System_, p. 14.
[23] _Labour and Life of the People_, p. 271.
[24] _Final Report on the Sweating System, _-- 68.
[25] _Lords" Committee on the Sweating System; Last Report, _ p. 184.
[26] _Labour and Life in London_, vol. i. p. 489.
[27] Howell, _Conflicts of Capital and Labour, _p. 128. Second Edition, Macmillan & Co.
[28] Karl Marx, _Capital_, vol. ii. p. 480.
[29] _Labour and Life in East London, _vol. i. p. 112.
[30] Cf. Howell"s _Conflicts of Capital and Labour_, p. 207.
[31] _The State in Relation to Labour_, p. 106.
[32] _Problems of Greater Britain_, vol. ii. p. 314.
[33] _Labour and Life of the People_, vol. i, p. 167.
[34] The match-box trade, however, is chiefly in the hands of home-workers.
[35] _Labour and Life of the People_, vol, i p. 427.
[36] Roscher"s _Political Economy_, -- 242.
[37] Fabian Essays in Socialism, p. 48.
[38] Quoted by G. Gunton: _Political Science Quarterly_, Sept. 1880.
[39] G. Gunton: _Political Science Quarterly, _Sept. 1888.
[40] p. 17.