And again, the Government of the flourishing Province of Ontario--of which the Hon. J. Sandfield Macdonald is premier--has done wonders during the last four years by means of its Immigration policy, which has been most successfully carried out by the Hon. John Carling, the Commissioner, and greatly tended to the development of the country.
By this policy liberal provision is made for free grants of land to actual settlers, for general education, and for the encouragement of the industrial Arts and Agriculture; by the construction of public roads and the improvement of the internal navigable waters of the province; and by the a.s.sistance now given to an economical system of railways connecting these interior waters with the leading railroads and ports on the frontier; and not only are free grants of land given in the districts extending from the eastern to the western extremity of the Province, but one of the best of the new townships has been selected in which the Government is now making roads, and upon each lot is clearing five acres and erecting thereon a small house, which will be granted to heads of families, who, by six annual instalments, will be required to pay back to the Government the cost of these improvements--not exceeding $200, or 40 pounds sterling--when a free patent (or deed) of the land will be given, without any charge whatever, under a protective Homestead Act. This wise and liberal policy would have astonished the Colonial Legislature of 1832, but will, no doubt, speedily give to the Province a n.o.ble and progressive back country, and add much to its strength and prosperity.
Our busy factories and foundries--our copper, silver, and plumbago mines--our salt and petroleum--the increasing exports of native produce--speak volumes for the prosperity of the Dominion and for the government of those who are at the head of affairs. It only requires the loyal co-operation of an intelligent and enlightened people to render this beautiful and free country the greatest and the happiest upon the face of the earth.
When we contrast forest life in Canada forty years ago with the present state of the country, my book will not be without interest and significance. We may truly say, old things have pa.s.sed away, all things have become new.
What an advance in the arts and sciences and in the literature of the country has been made during the last few years. Canada can boast of many good and even distinguished authors, and the love of books and booklore is daily increasing.
Inst.i.tues and literary a.s.sociations for the encouragement of learning are now to be found in all the cities and large towns in the Dominion. We are no longer dependent upon the States for the reproduction of the works of celebrated authors; our own publishers, both in Toronto and Montreal, are furnishing our handsome bookstores with volumes that rival, in cheapness and typographical excellence, the best issues from the large printing establishments in America.
We have no lack of native talent or books, or of intelligent readers to appreciate them.
Our print shops are full of the well-educated designs of native artists. And the grand scenery of our lakes and forests, transferred to canvas, adorns the homes of our wealthy citizens.
We must not omit in this slight sketch to refer to the number of fine public buildings which meet us at every turn, most of which have been designed and executed by native architects. Montreal can point to her Victoria Bridge, and challenge the world to produce its equal. This prodigy of mechanical skill should be a sufficient inducement to strangers from other lands to visit our sh.o.r.es, and though designed by the son of the immortal George Stephenson, it was Canadian hands that helped him to execute his great project--to raise that glorious monument to his fame, which we hope, will outlast a thousand years.
Our new Houses of Parliment, our churches, banks, public halls, asylums for the insane, the blind, and the deaf and dumb are buildings which must attract the attention of every intelligent traveller; and when we consider the few brief years that have elapsed since the Upper Province was reclaimed from the wilderness, our progress in mechanical arts, and all the comforts which pertain to modern civilization, is unprecedented in the history of older nations.
If the Canadian people will honestly unite in carrying out measures proposed by the Government for the good of the country, irrespective of self-interest and party prejudices, they must, before the close of the present century, become a great and prosperous nationality.
May the blessing of G.o.d rest upon Canada and the Canadian people!
Susanna Moodie
Belleville, 1871
APPENDIX C
JEANIE BURNS
[This chapter was originally intended by Mrs. Moodie for inclusion in the first edition of Roughing it in the Bush but was instead published in the periodical Bentley"s Miscellany, in August 1852.
It was later revised and included in the book Life in the Clearings versus the Bush by the same author.]
"Ah, human hearts are strangely cast, Time softens grief and pain; Like reeds that shiver in the blast, They bend to rise again.
"But she in silence bowed her head, To none her sorrow would impart; Earth"s faithful arms enclose the dead, And hide for aye her broken heart!"
Our man James came to me to request the loan of one of the horses, to attend a funeral. M--- was absent on business, and the horses and the man"s time were both greatly needed to prepare the land for the fall crops. I demurred; James looked anxious and disappointed; and the loan of the horse was at length granted, but not without a strict injunction that he should return to his work the moment the funeral was over. He did not come back until late that evening. I had just finished my tea, and was nursing my wrath at his staying out the whole day, when the door of the room (we had but one, and that was shared in common with the servants) opened, and the delinquent at last appeared. He hung up the new English saddle, and sat down by the blazing hearth without speaking a word.
"What detained you so long, James? You ought to have had half an acre of land, at least, ploughed to-day."
"Verra true, mistress. It was nae fau"t o" mine. I had mista"en the hour. The funeral didna" come in afore sun-down, and I cam" awa"
directly it was ower."
"Was it any relation of yours?"
"Na, na, jist a freend, an auld acquaintance, but nane o" mine ain kin. I never felt sare sad in a" my life, as I ha" dune this day.
I ha" seen the clods piled on mony a heid, and never felt the saut tear in my e"en. But, puir Jeanie! puir la.s.s. It was a sair sight to see them thrown doon upon her."
My curiosity was excited; I pushed the tea-things from me, and told Bell to give James his supper.
"Naething for me the night, Bell--I canna" eat--my thoughts will a"
rin on that puir la.s.s. Sae young--sae bonnie, an" a few months ago as blythe as a lark, an" now a clod o" the earth. Hout we maun all dee when our ain time comes; but, somehow, I canna" think that Jeanie ought to ha" gane sae sune."
"Who is Jeanie Burns? Tell me, James, something about her."
In compliance with my request, the man gave me the following story.
I wish I could convey it in his own words, but though I can perfectly understand the Scotch dialect when spoken, I could not write it in its charming simplicity: that honest, truthful brevity, which is so characteristic of this n.o.ble people. The smooth tones of the blarney may flatter our vanity, and please us for the moment; but who places any confidence in those by whom it is employed. We know that it is only uttered to cajole and decieve, and when the novelty wears off, the repet.i.tion awakens indignation and disgust; but who mistrusts the blunt, straightforward speech of the land of Burns--for good or ill, it strikes home to the heart.
"Jeanie Burns was the daughter of a respectable shoemaker, who gained a comfortable living by his trade in a small town in Ayrshire. Her father, like herself, was an only child, and followed the same vocation, and rought under the same roof that his father had done before him. The elder Burns had met with many reverses, and now helpless and blind, was entirely dependent upon the charity of his son. Honest Jock had not married until late in life, that he might more comfortably provide for the wants of his aged parent.
His mother had been dead for some years. She was a meek, pious woman, and Jock quaintly affirmed, "That it had pleased the Lord to provide a better inheritance for his dear auld mither than his arm could win, proud and happy as he would have been to have supported her when she was no longer able to work for him."
"Jock"s paternal love was repaid at last; chance threw in his way a cannie young la.s.s, baith guid and bonnie: they were united, and Jeanie was the sole fruit of this marriage. But Jeanie proved a host in herself, and grew up the best natured, the prettiest, and the most industrious la.s.s in the village, and was a general favourite both with young and old. She helped her mother in the house, bound shoes for her father, and attended to all the wants of her dear old grandfather, Saunders Burns; who was so much attached to his little handmaid, that he was never happy when she was absent.
"Happiness is not a flower of long growth in this world; it requires the dew and sunlight of heaven to nourish it, and it soon withers, removed from its native skies. The cholera visited the remote village. It smote the strong man in the pride of his strength, and the matron in the beauty of her prime; while it spared the helpless and the aged, the infant of a few days, and the parent of many years. Both Jeanie"s parents fell victims to the fatal disease, and the old blind Saunders and the young Jeanie were left to fight alone a hard battle with poverty and grief. The truly deserving are never entirely forsaken. G.o.d may afflict them with many trials, but he watches over them still, and often provides for their wants in a manner truly miraculous. Sympathizing friends gathered round the orphan girl in her hour of need, and obtained for her sufficient employment to enable her to support her old grandfather and herself, and provide for them the common necessaries of life.
"Jeannie was an excellent sempstress, and what between making waistcoats and trousers for the tailors and binding shoes for the shoemakers, a business that she thoroughly understood, she soon had her little hired room neatly furnished, and her grandfather as clean and spruce as ever. When she led him into the kirk of a Sabbath morning, all the neighbours greeted the dutiful daughter with an approving smile, and the old man looked so serene and happy that Jeanie was fully repaid for her labours of love.
"Her industry and piety often formed the theme of conversation to the young lads of the village. "What a guid wife Jeanie Burns will mak"," cried one. "Aye," said another, "he need na complain of ill-fortin, who has the luck to get the like o" her."
""An" she"s sae bonnie," would Willie Robertson add with a sigh.
"I would na" covet the wealth o" the hale world an she were mine."
"Willie was a fine active young man, who bore an excellent character, and his comrades thought it very likely that Willie was to be the fortunate man.
"Robertson was the youngest son of a farmer in the neighbourhood.
He had no land of his own, and he was one of a very large family.
From a boy he had a.s.sisted his father in working the farm for their common maintenance; but after he took to looking at Jeanie Burns at kirk, instead of minding his prayers, he began to wish that he had a homestead of his own, which he could ask Jeanie and her grandfather to share. "He made his wishes known to his father.
The old man was prudent. A marriage with Jeanie Burns offered no advantages in a pecuniary view. But the girl was a good honest girl, of whom any man might be proud. He had himself married for love, and had enjoyed great comfort in his wife.
""Willie, my lad," he said, "I canna" gi"e ye a share o" the farm.
It is ower sma" for the mony mouths it has to feed. I ha"e laid by a little siller for a rainy day, an" this I will gi"e ye to win a farm for yersel" in the woods o" Canada. There is plenty o" room there, an" industry brings its ain reward. If Jeanie Burns lo"es you, as weel as yer dear mither did me, she will be fain to follow you there."
"Willie grasped his father"s hand, for he was too much elated to speak, and he ran away to tell his tale of love to the girl of his heart. Jeanie had long loved Robertson in secret, and they were not long in settling the matter. They forgot in their first moments of joy that old Saunders had to be consulted, for they had determined to take the old man with them. But here an obstacle occurred of which they had not dreamed. Old age is selfish, and Saunders obstinately refused to comply with their wishes. The grave that held the remains of his wife and son was dearer to him than all the comforts promised to him by the impatient lovers in that far foreign land. Jeanie wept--but Saunders, deaf and blind, neither heard nor saw her grief, and, like a dutiful child, she breathed no complaint to him, but promised to remain with him until his head rested upon the same pillow with the dead.
"This was a sore and great trial to Willie Robertson, but he consoled himself for his disappointment with the thought that Saunders could not live long, and that he would go and prepare a place for his Jean, and have everything ready for her reception against the old man died.
""I was a cousin of Willie"s," continued James, "by the mither"s side, and he persuaded me to accompany him to Canada. We set sail the first day of May, and were here in time to chop a small fallow for a fall crop. Willie Robertson had more of this world"s gear than I, for his father had provided him with sufficient funds to purchase a good lot of wild land, which he did in the township of M---, and I was to work with him on shares. We were one of the first settlers in that place, and we found the work before us rough and hard to our heart"s content. But Willie had a strong motive for exertion--and never did man work harder than he did that first year on his bush-farm, for the love of Jeanie Burns."
"We built a comfortable log-house, in which we were a.s.sisted by the few neighbours we had, who likewise lent a hand in clearing ten acres we had chopped for fall crop.
"All this time Willie kept up a constant correspondence with Jeanie Burns, and he used to talk to me of her coming out, and his future plans, every night when our work was done. If I had not loved and respected the girl mysel" I should have got unco" tired o" the subject.
"We had just put in our first crop of wheat, when a letter came from Jeanie bringing us the news of her grandfather"s death. Weel I ken the word that Willie spak" to me when he closed that letter.
"Jamie, the auld man is gane at last--an", G.o.d forgi"e me, I feel too gladsome to greet. Jeanie is willin" to come whenever I ha"e the means to bring her out, an", hout man, I"m jist thinkin" that she winna" ha"e to wait lang."
"Good workmen were getting very high wages just then, and Willie left the care of the place to me, and hired for three months with auld Squire Jones. He was an excellent teamster, and could put his hand to any sort of work. When his term of service expired he sent Jeanie forty dollars to pay her pa.s.sage out, which he hoped she would not delay longer than the spring.