[216] It is said, in Esther, that Ahasuerus reigned over one hundred and twenty-seven princes; from India to Ethiopia.
[217] According to Herodotus, the reign of
Dejoces was 53 years Phraortes 22 ---- Cyaxares 12 ---- The Scythians 28 ---- Astyages 35 ---- ---- Total 150
[218] Some authors have made a strange mistake: they have confused this city with that of the same name in Syria, at the foot of Mount Carmel; and still more often with that which was called the "City of the Magi."
[219] Lib. x. 24.
[220] Clio, 98.
[221] Ecbatana was taken by Nadir Shah. Nadir marched against the Turks as soon as his troops were refreshed from the fatigues they had endured in the pursuit of the Afghauns. He encountered the force of two Turkish pachas on the plains of Hameden, overthrew them, and made himself master, not only of that city, but of all the country in the vicinity.--Meerza Mehdy"s Hist. Sir William Jones"s works, vol. v. 112; Malcolm"s Hist. of Persia, vol. ii. 51. 4to.
[222] "This custom," says Mr. Morier, "which I had never seen in any other part of Asia, forcibly struck me as a most happy ill.u.s.tration of our Saviour"s parable of the labourer in the vineyard; particularly when pa.s.sing by the same place, late in the day, we still found _others standing idle_, and remembered his words, "_Why stand ye here all the day idle?_" as most applicable to their situation; for in putting the question to them, they answered "_Because no one has hired us._""
[223] Lib. x. c. 24.
[224] "The habitations of the people here (at Hameden) were equally mean as those of the villages through which we had pa.s.sed before. The occupiers of these last resembled, very strongly, the African Arabs, or Moors, and also the mixed race of Egypt, in their physiognomy, complexion, and dress. The reception, given by these villagers to my Tartar companions, was like that of the most abject slaves to a powerful master; and the manner in which the yellow-crowned courtiers of the Sublime Porte treated their entertainers in return, was quite as much in the spirit of the despotic sultan whom they served."--_Buckingham"s Travels in Mesopotamia_, vol. ii. p. 18.
[225] Herodotus; Diodorus Siculus; Plutarch; Arrian; Quintus Curtius; Rollin; Rennell; Morier; Sir R. Ker Porter; Buckingham.
[226] Rollin.
[227] Dodwell.
[228] Rollin; Barthelemy; Wheler; Chandler; Sandwich; Clarke; Hobhouse; Dodwell.
[229] Gillies.
[230] Chandler.
[231] Pausanias; Plutarch; Barthelemy; Chandler; Dodwell; Rees; Gillies.
[232] Breadth scarcely anywhere exceeding forty miles.
[233] The others were, Miletus, Myus, Lebedos, Colophon, Priene, Teos, Erythrae, Phocaea, Clazomenae, Chios, and Samos.
[234] Polyen. Strat. vi.
[235] Diana was the patroness of all women in labour, as well as of the children born.
[236] The Ephesians have a very wise law relative to the construction of public edifices. The architect whose plan is chosen enters into a bond, by which he engages all his property. If he exactly fulfils the condition of his agreement, honours are decreed him; if the expense exceeds the sum stipulated only by one quarter, the surplus is paid from the public treasury; but if it amounts to more, the property of the architect is taken to pay the remainder.--BARTHELEMY, vol. v. 394, 5; from Vitruvius Praef., lib. x. 203.
[237] We often see this temple represented upon medals with the figure of Diana. It is never charged with more than eight pillars; and sometimes only with six, four, and now and then only with two.
[238] The columns being sixty feet high, the diameter, according to rule, must be six feet eight inches; that is, one-ninth part. Thus, every column would contain one hundred and ten tons of marble, besides base and capital!--WREN"S PARENTALIA, p. 361.
[239] Mithridates caused 150,000 Romans in Asia to be ma.s.sacred in one day.
[240] Hist. August, p. 178; Jornandes, c. 20.
[241] Strabo, 1. xiv. 640; Vitruvius, 1. i. c. 1; Praef. 1. vii.; Tacitus Annal. iii. 61; Plin. Nat. Hist. x.x.xvi. 14.
[242] The length of St. Peter"s is 840 Roman palms; each palm is very little short of nine English inches.
[243] They offered no sacrifices to the Grecian G.o.ds.
[244] Acts xx. 31.
[245] Acts xix. 11; 1 Cor. xv. 9.
[246] Acts xx. 19.
[247] Ch. ii.
[248] Revett"s MS. notes.
[249] On this pa.s.sage Mr. Revett has left the following observation in a MS. note: "Upon what authority? Vitruvius, though he relates the story, does not give us the name of the mountain on which it happened. If mount Prion consists of white marble, it is very extraordinary it was not discovered sooner; part of the mountain being included in the city."
[250] Diodorus Siculus; Vitruvius; Plin. Nat. Hist.; Plutarch; Polyaenus; Wren"s Parentalia; Barthelemy; Gibbon; Wheler; Chandler; Revett; Clarke; Hobhouse; Brewster; Rees.
[251] Seetzen; Burckhardt; Irby; Robinson.
[252] From a work published in 1778.
[253] Anon.
[254] Hippolyto de Jose; Swinburne; Wright; Murphy; Washington Irving.
[255] Lempriere.
[256] Morritt.
[257] Turner.
[258] Turner; Clarke.
[259] Barthelemy; Lempriere; Rees; Mitford; Clarke; Walpole; Morritt; Turner.
[260] Rollin.
[261] Bossuet; Rollin; Encyclop. Metropolitana; Denon.
[262] Eustace.
[263] Dionysius of Halicarna.s.sus makes it sixty years before the fall of Troy; or 1342 B.C.
[264] Chambers.