To William Kennedy February 28, 2002 Brookline Dear Bill, I don"t think it"s too late even now to tell you how deeply I loved Roscoe Roscoe. I think it"s your most successful novel yet, and I expect that more is to come. Heretofore, I was always concerned about your bringing together your singular and wonderful view of things with the idea of a large fiction always at the back of your mind, and I think you have finally united them both. I have always nagged at you to do just that, and I see that in spite of my nagging you have presented me, and the American public too, with exactly what we have been longing for. I hope you will be able to forgive me for this delay, but it takes me longer than most to catch up with things.
Your gratified reader,
To Karina Gordin February 28, 2002 Brookline, Ma.s.s.
Dear Karina, Since I am half-Gordin-on my mother"s side-I want to say that I was grateful to be in touch with the family again, and that your letter pleased me.
There comes a moment, with increasing frequency, when artists feel that they are hopelessly surrounded by goats and monkeys. I am against falling into despair because of superficial observations such as the foregoing. Actually, I"ve never stopped looking for the real thing; and often I find the real thing. To fall into despair is just a high-cla.s.s way of turning into a dope. I choose to laugh, and laugh at myself no less than at others.
Affectionately,
2004.
To Eugene Kennedy February 19, 2004 Brookline Dear Gene, I tried to reach you by phone yesterday. Spurlos Spurlos-the word employed by German submarine commanders. It means "without a trace": not so much as an oil slick on the bosom of the Atlantic. (It occurs to me that you must have studied German under the Hollywood German experts.) I don"t do much of anything these days and I spend much of my time indoors. By far my pleasantest diversion is to play with Rosie, now four years old. It seems to me that my parents wanted me to grow up in a hurry and that I resisted, dragging my feet. They (my parents, not my feet) needed all the help they could get. They were forever asking, "What does the man say?" and I would translate for them into heavy-footed English. That didn"t help much either. The old people were as ignorant of English as they were of Canadian French. We often stopped before a display of children"s shoes. My mother coveted for me a pair of patent-leather sandals with an elegantissimo elegantissimo strap. I finally got them-I rubbed them with b.u.t.ter to preserve the leather. This is when I was six or seven years old, a little older than Rosie is now. Amazing how it all boils down to a pair of patent-leather sandals. strap. I finally got them-I rubbed them with b.u.t.ter to preserve the leather. This is when I was six or seven years old, a little older than Rosie is now. Amazing how it all boils down to a pair of patent-leather sandals.
I send an all-purpose blessing . . .
EDITOR"S NOTE AND ACKNOW LEDGMENTS
This volume includes about two fifths of Saul Bellow"s known output of letters. In some instances, I have emended eccentric punctuation in the interest of clarity, and have silently corrected a handful of spelling errors along with three insignificant factual misstatements. Letters made up of single-sentence paragraphs I have sometimes recast for ease of reading. Deleted material-most of it of doubtful interest, a miniscule portion removed for legal reasons-is indicated throughout by the customary ellipsis between brackets. I have broken with the standard practice of italicizing only published books, as Bellow tended to underline rather than place between quotation marks the t.i.tles of works in progress, particularly after an excerpt had appeared; for consistency, I have kept to this in the chronology as well. As to the clarifying or connecting language between brackets: I have sometimes fallen in with the author"s voice (e.g., in a letter to Susan Gla.s.sman, "Now the CBC has paid me an unexpected three hundred to produce [my one-act play] "The Wrecker"") and sometimes used third person (e.g., in a letter to John Auerbach, "Smadar [Auerbach"s daughter] and her husband have been very kind"). About half the original letters are typewritten and half are by hand. Bellow"s cursive comes clear to anyone who perseveres with it. I have been able to decipher every word but one, perhaps blurred by a raindrop or (given the circ.u.mstances) a tear.
A letter is a hostage to fortune, as likely to pa.s.s into oblivion as posterity. Along with those to Isaac Rosenfeld, one regrets the vanished communications to Sydney J. Harris, Herbert Pa.s.sin, Harold Kaplan, Delmore Schwartz, Paolo Milano and Rosette Lamont. Still, a great h.o.a.rd does does survive. My grat.i.tude to all the individuals who have preserved vulnerable paper is beyond telling. To Sylvia Tumin, widow of Melvin Tumin, I owe a particular debt; she was the first of so many to share letters and photos with me. Professor Nathan Tarcov furnished all of the many communications to Oscar and Edith Tarcov, his father and mother. (I am additionally grateful to Professor Tarcov for inviting me to address the University of Chicago"s Committee on Social Thought about my researches.) Katherine Powers provided Bellow"s letters to her father, J. F. Powers. I want to thank Eugene Kennedy for his cooperation and friendliness. Monroe Engel gave patiently of his time. Dr. Oliver Sacks recalled swimming in the Bellows" pond in Vermont and kindly made a search of his files. Robert W. Silvers, editor of survive. My grat.i.tude to all the individuals who have preserved vulnerable paper is beyond telling. To Sylvia Tumin, widow of Melvin Tumin, I owe a particular debt; she was the first of so many to share letters and photos with me. Professor Nathan Tarcov furnished all of the many communications to Oscar and Edith Tarcov, his father and mother. (I am additionally grateful to Professor Tarcov for inviting me to address the University of Chicago"s Committee on Social Thought about my researches.) Katherine Powers provided Bellow"s letters to her father, J. F. Powers. I want to thank Eugene Kennedy for his cooperation and friendliness. Monroe Engel gave patiently of his time. Dr. Oliver Sacks recalled swimming in the Bellows" pond in Vermont and kindly made a search of his files. Robert W. Silvers, editor of The New York Review of Books The New York Review of Books, ran a public call for letters. I am indebted to Cynthia Ozick for her deeply considered reflections on Bellow in several essays over the years. William Hunt provided letters and spoke with me absorbingly and at length. James Salter searched old trunks and was unfailingly helpful. I am much obliged to Professor Daniel Bell for a long and illuminating conversation. I would like to thank Mme. Julian Behrstock and Christie"s auction house in New York, where I was allowed to photograph the letters from Bellow to her husband on consignment there. Rosanna Warren helped with several important details pertaining to her parents. Susan Cheever kindly answered queries, as did A. B. Yehoshua and Ian McEwan. Leon Wieseltier clarified backgrounds to several letters and offered pungent English equivalents for Yiddish turns of phrase. Linda Asher and Elisabeth Sifton helped to clarify Bellow"s sequence of editors at Viking. David Rieff suggested the solution to an arcane matter pertaining to his father. Maria Campbell reported on Erich Linder. Amanda Vaill told me who Lyn Austin was. Joyce Carol Oates provided context for the letter to her. My dear friend Frances Kiernan decoded an otherwise unintelligible sentence. Professor Henry Hardy, Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, and executor of the Estate of Sir Isaiah Berlin, was kindly in touch, as were Tree Swenson, executive director of the Academy of American Poets, Edith Kurzweil, Nicholas Christopher, Debra Romanick Baldwin, Judith Dunford, Ben Sidran, Eugene Goodheart and Leslie Epstein. Robert Boyers, editor of Salmagundi Salmagundi, clarified the context of a letter to him. So did Professor Mark Shechner of the State University of New York, Buffalo. Through the generosity of Zachary Leader, who is at work on a biography of Bellow, I was able to include letters to David Peltz and to Herbert and Mitzi McCloskey. I have greatly benefited from frequent exchanges of information with Zach and count him an indispensable friend. Dean Borok journeyed to a storage locker in Brooklyn to retrieve a particularly remarkable letter. Owen Barfield, grandson of the Owen Barfield addressed in these pages, kindly gave access to his grandfather"s papers at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. From Kibbutz S"dot Yam, near Caesarea, Nola Chilton dispatched photocopies of the letters to herself and her late husband John Auerbach. Stephen Mitch.e.l.l furnished the unforgettable doc.u.ment in which Bellow describes his childhood discovery of Jesus, and Professor Martin E. Marty kindly answered my queries about the original, now housed at the University of Chicago Divinity School. Louis Gallo came from Trenton to New York to deliver precious pages and drink a gla.s.s of iced coffee. Frances Gendlin was kindly in touch. Daphne Merkin shared her memories of visiting Bellow in Vermont. Joshua Howes, a descendant of Bellow"s childhood friend Louis Sidran, clarified the Sidran family tree. Norman Manea reminisced about Margaret Shafer. Barbara Probst Solomon described her long telephonic friendship with Bellow. Dominique Nabokov recalled summers with him at the Aspen Inst.i.tute. Shirley Hazzard vividly described his visit to Capri in 1984 to receive the Premio Malaparte. And Eleanor Fox Simmons reported on a lost cache of billets doux billets doux that would, she said, have been the ornament of this book. that would, she said, have been the ornament of this book.
I want to thank Gregory, Adam and Daniel Bellow for their swift and friendly response to many queries. Daniel generously gave access to letters to his mother, and Adam puzzled with me over a crux in one of them. Lesha Bellows Greengus and Dr. Rachel Schultz, Bellow"s niece and great niece, have been tremendously helpful from the start. Alexandra Ionescu Tulcea Bellow suggested necessary emendations to the chronology for 1973 to 1985. Valiantly generous in her willingness to allow very personal matters into print, Maggie Staats Simmons also solved a chronological mystery and led me to the letters to Samuel S. Goldberg. And Nancy Crampton shared the many photographs of Bellow she took over the years; examples of her marvelous work appear on the hardcover jacket of this book as well as in the inserts.
I thank the Rare Book and Ma.n.u.script Library of the University of Pennsylvania for furnishing letters to James T. Farrell. For those to John Berryman, I wish to thank the Ma.n.u.scripts Division of the Elmer L. Anderson Library of the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Harvard"s Houghton Library gave access to those to James Laughlin. It is a particular pleasure to thank Timothy Young of Yale"s Beinecke Library for his hospitality each time I"ve worked in that most beautiful of research facilities; Bellow"s letters to Edmund Wilson, Dwight MacDonald, Robert Penn Warren, Eleanor Clark, Josephine Herbst and Saul Steinberg are housed there. Professor Iain Topliss of La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, who has embarked on a biography of Steinberg, gave crucial advice. The Berg Collection of The New York Public Library made available letters to Alfred Kazin, John Cheever and Louis Lasco. At the Ma.n.u.scripts Division of the Library of Congress, Dr. Alice Burney bore with my extensive calls on their holdings; Bellow"s letters to Ralph Ellison, Hannah Arendt, Norman Podh.o.r.etz, Daniel Patrick Moynihan and Philip Roth are there. The Rare Book and Ma.n.u.script Division of the University of Delaware houses those to David Bazelon and Mark Harris, which they kindly supplied. William Kennedy directed me to the Special Collections of the State University of New York at Albany for access to the many letters to him. I thank the Howard Gottlieb Archival Research Center of Boston University for access to the papers of William Phillips, Philip Rahv, Leslie Fiedler, Roger Shattuck, Richard Lourie and Rosalyn Tureck. From The Harry Ransom Center of the University of Texas came a particularly rich harvest-letters to Henry Volkening, Pascal and Dorothy Covici, Bernard Malamud, Stanley Burnshaw, Alice Adams, James Salter, Isaac Bashevis Singer and Keith Botsford. Columbia University"s Rare Book and Ma.n.u.script Library provided friendly access to the archives of James Henle, Lionel Trilling, Meyer Schapiro, Benjamin Nelson, Richard V. Chase, John Leggett and Herbert Gold. Bellow"s congratulatory note to the Circle in the Square cast of The Last a.n.a.lysis The Last a.n.a.lysis I transcribed at Lincoln Center"s New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, along with his letter to Zero Mostel. The letter to Theodore Weiss came courtesy of the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections of Princeton University"s Firestone Library. Letters to Jean Stafford are preserved in Special Collections of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Those to Anthony Hecht and Edna O"Brien are at Emory University"s Special Collections, and those to Toby Cole at Special Collections of the University of California, Davis. Viking Penguin patiently searched their archives and found many remarkable doc.u.ments including the communications to Monroe Engel, Marshall Best and Elisabeth Sifton. To the Rare Book, Ma.n.u.script and Special Collections Library of Duke University go my thanks for opening Harriet Wa.s.serman"s archive. I am much obliged to the Rare Book and Ma.n.u.scripts Collection of the University of Virginia for access to Bellow"s vehement letter to William Faulkner. Letters to Stanley Elkin (a great friend to me in younger days and someone with whom I often spoke about Bellow"s books) are housed in the Special Collections of The John M. Olin Library, Washington University, St. Louis. From The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation come those to Henry Allen Moe and Gordon Ray as well as reference letters in behalf of James Baldwin, Grace Paley, Bernard Malamud and Louise Gluck; it is a pleasure to record here my grat.i.tude to Edward Hirsch, president of the Foundation, and Andre Bernard, vice president and secretary, for their hospitality. Thanks to the good offices of Rob Cowley, I was able to research Bellow"s correspondence with Malcolm Cowley, his father, at Chicago"s Newberry Library. The Special Collections and Archives of The W. E. B. Dubois Library, University of Ma.s.sachusetts, Amherst, provided Bellow"s letters to Harvey Swados. And at the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Kathy Kienholtz granted access to the Academy"s extensive Bellow file. I transcribed at Lincoln Center"s New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, along with his letter to Zero Mostel. The letter to Theodore Weiss came courtesy of the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections of Princeton University"s Firestone Library. Letters to Jean Stafford are preserved in Special Collections of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Those to Anthony Hecht and Edna O"Brien are at Emory University"s Special Collections, and those to Toby Cole at Special Collections of the University of California, Davis. Viking Penguin patiently searched their archives and found many remarkable doc.u.ments including the communications to Monroe Engel, Marshall Best and Elisabeth Sifton. To the Rare Book, Ma.n.u.script and Special Collections Library of Duke University go my thanks for opening Harriet Wa.s.serman"s archive. I am much obliged to the Rare Book and Ma.n.u.scripts Collection of the University of Virginia for access to Bellow"s vehement letter to William Faulkner. Letters to Stanley Elkin (a great friend to me in younger days and someone with whom I often spoke about Bellow"s books) are housed in the Special Collections of The John M. Olin Library, Washington University, St. Louis. From The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation come those to Henry Allen Moe and Gordon Ray as well as reference letters in behalf of James Baldwin, Grace Paley, Bernard Malamud and Louise Gluck; it is a pleasure to record here my grat.i.tude to Edward Hirsch, president of the Foundation, and Andre Bernard, vice president and secretary, for their hospitality. Thanks to the good offices of Rob Cowley, I was able to research Bellow"s correspondence with Malcolm Cowley, his father, at Chicago"s Newberry Library. The Special Collections and Archives of The W. E. B. Dubois Library, University of Ma.s.sachusetts, Amherst, provided Bellow"s letters to Harvey Swados. And at the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Kathy Kienholtz granted access to the Academy"s extensive Bellow file.
All other letters-whether in carbon or photocopy-have come from the Special Collections Research Center of Regenstein Library at the University of Chicago, where David Pavelich in particular made my labors orderly and swift. I owe a particular debt of grat.i.tude to the radiant and phenomenal Esther Corbin, now in her hundredth year; as Bellow"s secretary from 1971 to 1976, Mrs. Corbin made and filed hundreds of carbon copies of outgoing mail. I want to thank Michael Z. Yu, executor of the Estate of Allan Bloom, for granting access to Bloom"s papers there; Richard Stern, whose archive is also at the Regenstein, and who has been so generous to this project from its inception; and Joseph Epstein, executor of the Estate of Edward Shils. James Atlas, a portion of whose papers are likewise at the Reg, generously gave me access to photocopies of Bellow"s letters to Nathan Gould, Frances Gendlin, Willie Greenberg, William Roth, Jonas Schwartz, Leonard Unger, Ralph Ross, Robert Hivnor, Albert Glotzer, William Maxwell, Gertrude Buckman, Ann Birstein, Ladislas Farago, Barnett Singer, Ben Sidran-and Evelyn, the otherwise unidentified girl with one blue and one brown eye. Mr. Atlas"s archive at Regenstein will always be a vital basis for Bellow research.
James Wood"s chronology in The Library of America"s multi-volume edition of Bellow"s works served as the foundation for my own. I also made extensive use of Gabriel Josipovici"s bibliography-authoritative for 1941 to 1974-in The Portable Saul Bellow The Portable Saul Bellow. And I greatly profited from Norman Manea"s inspiring interviews with Bellow for The Jerusalem Literary Project, afterward excerpted in Salmagundi Salmagundi; pa.s.sages from these interviews appear in the chronology. Jacqueline Weld graciously responded to requests for translations of Bellow"s unsavory Spanish. Professor Ruth Wisse of Harvard University patiently coped with my endless queries about Yiddish and Hebrew. Catherine Healey answered questions about Bellow"s meaty, energetic French; and Anka Mulstein and Louis Begley kindly went to their Grand Robert Grand Robert in search of a phrase (nonexistent, it turned out) Bellow thought he had heard while hitchhiking from Banyulssur-Mer to Barcelona in the summer of 1947. in search of a phrase (nonexistent, it turned out) Bellow thought he had heard while hitchhiking from Banyulssur-Mer to Barcelona in the summer of 1947.
My dear friend Stephen Motika traveled with me to Chicago to help with the early stages of research. Brett Hool, Lindsay Alexander and, especially, Patrick "Memphis" Callihan transcribed endlessly and accurately. Patrick has additionally given yeoman service in securing photographic permissions. My freelance editor, Kristin Camp Sperber, was unfailing in precision and insight. Janet Biehl, my copyeditor, saved me from many a blunder. All those at Viking Penguin who have labored long have my thanks: Carolyn Carlson, Beena Kamlani, Amanda Brower, Shannon Twomey and Francesca Belanger. At The New Yorker The New Yorker, where an excerpt from this book appeared, I got to know the surpa.s.sing professionalism of David Remnick and Katherine Stirling.
Without the ferocious advocacy of Andrew Wylie and Jeffrey Posternak, agents to the Estate of Saul Bellow, this book could not have come to be. I am also grateful to their colleague Alexandra Levenberg, who cheerfully and expertly addressed issue after issue. Walter Pozen, Saul Bellow"s lawyer, has been an essential guide and occasional Dutch uncle. Good, wise, sharp-eyed Joel Conarroe read every blessed word of the proofs. To Philip Roth, a G.o.dfather to these pages, I owe incalculable debts.
I"d like also to thank Saul Bellow"s young daughter Rosie (cat lover, violinist, deep thinker) for her friendship, and for telling me off on one occasion, when I deserved it. To Rosie"s mother, the gifted and indefatigable Janis Freedman Bellow, who photocopied all letters leaving Bellow"s desk during the last twenty-three years of his life, I am boundlessly grateful: for her scholarly foresight, for the trust she has reposed in me, and for her warmth and wit in fair and foul weather. Were it within my purview to dedicate this book I would do so to J. F. B.
Finally, I want to thank Saul Bellow for the privilege of spending each afternoon of the last three years with him.