14,053. Where do you get your wool?-I get it from any person who has wool, and who will exchange it for a little tea or hosiery, or a bit of calico or yellow cotton.
14,054. Do you spin it yourself?-Always. I am not able to get it spun for me, because that has to be paid for in money, and I cannot get the money.
14,055. Are you not able to pay for worsted?-No, because it has to be paid for in money; and I am not able to put the wool to the spinner, because that would require money too.
14,056. Do you sometimes have to pay money for wool?-If we can get a day"s work or anything of that kind to do, we may get a little wool in exchange for it, but it is not very often we can get that.
14,057. Have the people who sell wool generally a fixed price for it?-Yes, according to the fineness or coa.r.s.eness of it.
14,058. What do you pay for the finer wool?-It may be about 1s.
6d., according to the quality of it. I think the cheapest we can get is 1s.
14,059. But you get it by barter; do you give goods for it at the same price as you paid for them?-Generally we give a parcel of goods, and they will give us so much wool as they think it is worth. It is never priced at all; we merely give a small parcel of tea in exchange for so much.
14,060. Do you sometimes buy wool at the shops in Lerwick?- No, I cannot say that I ever bought any there.
14,061. Have you any sheep of your own?-Very few. We sometimes get wool from them, but not much.
14,062. Have you sold wool from them?-Never.
14,063. Can you not get as much wool off your own sheep as serves you for your own work?-No, we don"t have so many of them as that.
Lerwick, January 27, 1872, ISABELLA SINCLAIR, recalled.
14,064. Do you wish to say anything about the evidence which Margaret Jamieson has just given?-Yes. I wish to explain that those in the shop have no power to give money except by referring to my father. Then with regard to the want of money in the shop, it may have happened that my father had taken the money with him to the bank, as very often happens. Frequently when there is some small change in the drawer, it is given away upon lines or something of that kind. I suppose that is the explanation of what the witness has said.
14,065. But I suppose the practice is that you don"t give money at all unless you can help it?-If the bargain is made for money, then we give money; but I don"t see that we have any right to give money when the bargain is made for goods, any more than if the bargain had been made for goods we could compel them to take money for it. Sometimes my father is [Page 351] very unwilling to take hosiery, and would rather not buy it, either for goods or money. That is frequently the case when he is not requiring the article, or when the article is of inferior value.
14,066. Was what the witness said correct about 1s. 6d. being offered to her in money for 1s. 9d. and 1s. for 1s. 3d.?-It depends on circ.u.mstances. In some cases if an article was sold at 1s. for goods, the person might get 9d. or 10d. for it in money, according as the article was worth it. If it was an article which we had a special order for, we would perhaps give 10d., because we would soon get the money back again; but if it was an article that was likely to lie for some time, we would only give 9d. for it.
Lerwick, January 27, 1872, JOHN ROBERTSON, senior, examined.
14,067. You are a merchant in Lerwick, and tacksman of the estate of Lunna?-I am.
14,068. Have you a fish-curing establishment at Vidlin?-It is at Skerries. We take a few fish at Vidlin, but there is not much done there.
14,069. But you have a store at Vidlin?-Yes.
14,070. Have you also a curing establishment in Lerwick?-We do very little with it. We sometimes take a few dried fish here.
14,071. You were present to-day and heard the evidence of some men from Lunnasting parish?-Yes.
14,072. Do you wish to make any observation or any statement with regard to that evidence?-I think there are no particular observations I can make, except with regard to the difference between the charges for goods in Lerwick and in the country.
We always have some additional expense upon the goods which are sent to the country, but we make the difference as small as we possibly can.
14,073. What should you say was the difference between the prices charged at Vidlin and those which you would charge in Lerwick?-Perhaps from 21/2 to 5 per cent.; but the fact is, that for some things the prices are the same. For instance, cotton goods are the same price.
14,074. Can you land them at Vidlin at very nearly the same price, as at Lerwick?-Yes. The amount of freight would be very small, and we make a point to sell them at the same rates. I put on the prices myself, and I know that we sell these articles at the same price as here.
14,075. I understand the men on the Lunna estate are under obligation by the tenure on which they hold their land to fish for you?-Yes, if they fish at Skerries. Mr. Bell has booths and beaches there; and seventeen years ago he applied to me about them. I was very reluctant to go into the matter at all, but he asked me to a.s.sist him, and I agreed to do it, and we have been dealing in that way ever since.
14,076. Has Mr. Bell an interest in that yet, except that he receives his rent from you?-No. He has no interest in it whatever, except that by his arrangement with me he is secure in getting his rent.
14,077. Have you any fishermen fishing for you who are tenants upon other estates than that of Lunna?-Not at that place. I have had several people in Nesting, on Mr. Bruce of Simbister"s ground.
They have fished for me perhaps for thirty years; but it is very little they do, and they generally give their fish dry.
14,078. Are these winter or summer fish?-Both winter and summer.
14,079. What do you pay for a fisherman"s summer fish of his own curing?-Their own fish are generally never so well cured as when cured by the merchants themselves. This year I paid the men 21 for their own cure, and I don"t think I could get above that for them. For my own cure the current price was per ton.
14,080. What were the circ.u.mstances connected with the case of Peter Williamson who had come under an engagement to Robert Murray at Swinister last season?-I don"t know what engagement he came under to Murray, but Williamson denied it to me. All I can say about it is that he is a tenant of Mr. Bell"s, and that when he settled his account at Vidlin with me it was understood he was to fish again; but one of his partners had engaged to go with another boat of mine, and he (Williamson) did not know very well whether he would manage to get a boat for the fishing or not. I suppose he had made some kind of statement to Robert Murray about that; but at that time Williamson was really very much indebted to me. I had kept him and his family alive with meal for year after year, and he was very far behind; and it would scarcely have done to have allowed him to go anywhere he liked. I got a crew for him, and then he was quite willing to go and fish for me.
I think he ought to have asked me first before he made any promise to any other body, because he knew that it was the rule on the estate to fish for me if they fished from Skerries at all. There are many of the Lunna tenants who never fish for me, but who fish for Mr. Adie or go to Faroe and Greenland, and I never stop them from doing that at all.
14,081. It is not part of the understanding that any men who go to Faroe or Greenland should go in your boats?-No.
14,082. If a man goes to Faroe or Greenland, he is free to go for whoever he likes?-Yes.
14,083. Is he free if he stays at home?-If he goes to Skerries, as there is an establishment there belonging to the estate, and which must be kept up, it is understood that any man going there must fish for me; but Mr. Adie has a good many of Mr. Bell"s tenants fishing for him, and when people go to Feideland I never interfere with them.
14,084. Are there many of them who go so far as Feideland?- Yes, a good many. The Delting tenants do that.
14,085. I understand you had a considerably smaller number of men employed last year than you had some years ago?-Yes; they had succeeded very well for two or three years previously, and they had received a good deal of supplies, and I did not ask or force anybody to go to the fishing unless they chose. I told them that if they could do better otherwise, I should be very glad if they did so; but I am sorry to say that those tenants who fished elsewhere, or who went to Greenland, did not seem better off.
14,086. How do you engage your beach boys and curers at Skerries?-I generally engage them by the week.
14,087. Are they mostly connected with the Lunna estate?-Yes, generally; but sometimes I engage others.
14,088. Then you don"t pay, as they do in other places, a beach fee by the year?-We settle with them at the year"s end. We cannot very well do otherwise.
14,089. Are they engaged on weekly wages?-Yes.
14,090. That is to say, the wage is counted by the week?-Yes.
14,091. It is not a fee for the season?-No; it used to be, but I found it better to pay them by the week, and let them know what they have to get.
14,092. Is that wage fixed at the commencement of the season?- Generally it is, but sometimes it is not. Sometimes we don"t know what the boys can do, as we have not tried them; and we like to see what they are fit for before we arrange what they are to be paid. We generally give them what we consider a fair thing.
14,093. These people, you say, are settled with at the end of the year, and they have been taking supplies as they require them?- Yes; they require little meal and other things to live upon.
14,094. Do they get these at Skerries in the course of the season?-Yes.
14,095. And these supplies are accounted for at settling time?- Yes.
14,096. Have the people so employed in curing generally a balance to get, or do they generally exhaust [Page 352] their wages in supplies?-That depends very much upon the disposition of the party.
14,097. But what is the fact in the general run of cases?-We generally have a balance to pay them. The dealings of these beach people are usually small. They cannot be very large, but they generally have a balance in their favour, and they get what is due to them in cash as soon as we ascertain its amount.