15,127. And I suppose the trade of the shop depends on his securing a certain number of fishermen for his boats?-Yes, and on the good-will of the tenants there.
15,128. But if the tenants are in debt, are they not virtually obliged to deal at his shop?-I don"t think so.
15,129. Do you think it probable that they could get credit anywhere else?-I certainly think so; and I think Williamson himself is in a position to go a great way in giving them credit.
15,130. Are you aware that Williamson commenced business with a very small capital?-I don"t think he could have had much means; but I believe he has paid his fishermen in cash this season.
15,131. You mean that he has paid in cash any balances that were due?-I don"t know that there were many balances due. I think the fishermen would not deal much with him, and he actually paid for the fish almost wholly in cash. I know that I sent him about 120 for the purpose.
15,132. Then, notwithstanding the obligation to fish that is laid on the tenants, Williamson has not been able to make a good business there?-I don"t think he has, because, notwithstanding that the proprietor wished the tenants to deal with him as much as possible, they have not, in point of fact, done so more than they could possibly avoid. He is nearer to them, and they might get some things more conveniently from him than anywhere else. I am anxious to make it appear that I explained thoroughly to them, that if they could not arrange with him upon as favourable terms as with another, they were quite at liberty to do as they chose.
15,133. Is the letter I have shown you the only one that has pa.s.sed on the subject of fishing with Stewart or any of the tenants on that estate?-The only one; and I have never had any complaints since it was written.
15,134. Have you had any experience in the management of property in other parts of Shetland?-Not a large experience, but I have a pretty good notion of the manner in which it is managed.
15,135. Can you say whether it is common for rents to be paid through the fish-merchant?-I believe it is rather common that the fish-merchant becomes responsible for the rents. The proprietor says to him, "You have my fishermen, and you must pay their rents," or something like that.
15,136. Do you know that, in point of fact, it is usual for a fish-curer to draw a cheque in favour of the proprietor for the rents of a large number of the fishermen employed by him?-I have seen it done. There is a small property in Delting that I have managed, where a number of the rents have been paid in that way; but there was no arrangement whatever that the fish-curer should pay the rents: they just came through him. I have got perhaps 50 at a time in that way.
15,137. You are also a bank agent?-Yes.
15,138. Has that practice not come within your knowledge as a bank agent?-I cannot say that it has.
15,139. You have not been long in that position?-Not long.
Besides, I could not be sure that cheques presented were for that purpose.
Lerwick, January 30, 1872, ROBERT MULLAY, examined.
15,140. Are you a merchant and fish-curer in Lerwick?-Yes, to a small extent.
15,141. Have you any other business?-I have a retail shop here.
15,142. How many boats had you employed in the line-fishing last year?-Seven.
15,143. You have a fishing station at Ireland, in Dunrossness, on the property of Mr. Bruce of Simbister?-Yes. I pay rent to him for the beach and booth.
15,144. Is your station the only place in that neighbourhood where fish can be landed and dried?-There is no other place in that bay where fish can be cured; there is no other beach than the one I have.
15,145. Are the tenants on that part of the Simbister estate under any obligation to fish for you?-None whatever.
15,146. Do they, in point of fact, all fish for you?-Yes; all those who fish out of that bay.
15,147. Is that because there is no other beach?-I suppose there is no other cause for it.
15,148. Would it be a misstatement to say that the Simbister tenants in that quarter are obliged, by the terms of their tenure, to fish for you and for Mr. John Robertson, jun.?-Yes. They are not bound, because there are some of them who fish for me in one year, and perhaps they are at the farthest end of Shetland the next, and then they may come back to me again.
15,149. Do you keep a shop at the fishing station?-I keep nothing there except a supply of fishing lines and hooks.
15,150. Do any of the fishermen there get their supplies from your shop in Lerwick?-They get what they want.
15,151. Do they keep an account with you, which is settled at the annual settling time?-Yes; but many of them never get one penny from me except in the shape of cash. There must be an account for them in my books when settling with them, and when the fishing is divided between them and their partners; but many of them have no individual account for out-takes.
15,152. Have you any interest in the Faroe fishing?-None whatever.
Lerwick, January 30, 1872, JOHN ROBERTSON, jun., examined.
15,153. Are you a merchant and fish-curer in Lerwick?-I am. I have a retail shop here, and a fishing station at Spiggie on the property of Mr. Bruce of Simbister.
15,154. Are the tenants in the neighbourhood of that station under any obligation to fish for you?-None whatever. If such a statement was made to you, it was entirely wrong. I am quite sure the tenants there do not hold their land under any such condition.
15,155. Do many of Mr. Bruce"s tenants fish for you, in point of fact?-I think I had ten boats at Spiggie last year-three men in each boat.
15,156. Were these men mostly from Mr. Bruce"s lands?-Almost entirely, I should say.
15,157. Was that because these lands are adjacent to your fishing station?-I believe that is the princ.i.p.al reason why they fished for me.
15,158. Might these men have cured their own fish, or fished for any other merchant, if they had chosen?-Yes.
15,159. Was there any local circ.u.mstance that prevented them from doing so?-They could not have cured their own fish in that neighbourhood, because the beach was mine. I possessed it and there is no other beach within several miles.
15,160. Therefore the fishermen residing in that particular place, may be bound to a particular fish-curer by the physical character of the country as well as by a legal obligation?-I believe that is so. That is the only way [Page 384] in which I can account for the men fishing at my station.
15,161. You have certain natural advantages at your station?- Yes; and I presume it is the same in many other cases. At the same time, I am willing to believe that if the men had had a choice of stations, they would just as soon have fished for me as for any other person in that neighbourhood. I settled with them at the end of the year, and paid them according to the current price.
15,162. You did not pay them above it?-No.
15,163. I believe there are some merchants in your neighbourhood who pay considerably above the current price?-They are not exactly in my neighbourhood, but there are such merchants within a dozen miles.
15,164. How do you account for them being able to do so?-I am not able to account for the proceedings of these gentlemen; they always appear to me to be inexplicable.
15,165. Could you not afford to pay at the price which they give?-No, not unless I worked for nothing.
15,166. Could you not do it if you were selling to the retail dealers direct?-I don"t think I could: that could not be done, as a general rule.
15,167. Do you sell your fish to wholesale merchants?- Generally; I may say always.
15,168. Do you sell them in one lot at the end of the season?- Generally in one lot.
15,169. Do most of the men run accounts with you for supplies during the fishing season?-A few of them do.
15,170. Have you a store there for that purpose?-I have a station there, and during the summer season I keep some fishing materials at it, such as lines and hooks, and things of that sort. These are the only materials I am expected to supply them with.
15,171. Do you not supply them with meal and other stores?-It is expected that I will supply them with them too, if they ask for them; but the men generally in that neighbourhood are very well off, and they can get their supplies from other merchants, and in fact they do so.
15,172. Do many of them run accounts with you in Lerwick for supplies?-The only article I supply them with is meal, and it is princ.i.p.ally the poorer men who get it from me; that is, men who are a little behind, and who would not get credit so readily as some of their neighbours.
15,173. Are these accounts for meal settled at the annual settlement in the usual way?-Yes.