12,128. What is that security?-The men are more independent, and if they sell their fish south, they are sure to get their money at the time.
12,129. But you told me that these men are under some kind of obligation to sell their fish to Garriock & Co.?-There is some understanding of that kind, but they are not bound.
12,130. They always give them the preference?-Yes.
12,131. And you have been unable to buy their fish from them?- Yes. Even if I were to offer a somewhat higher price, I know that I would not get them.
12,132. If that is the state of matters with them, then you have not much more security for your advances in their case than in the case of the other men?-I have security. There is no fear for them.
12,133. May they not be taking supplies all the season from the merchant"s shop?-We have a good chance of knowing where they get their supplies; and men like that, who are independent, are not likely to run away with the money when they get paid for their fish. They are safe enough to pay their accounts.
12,134. Then your reliance is very much on the character of the men themselves?-Certainly.
12,135. Do you find that the men who cure their own fish are of a more reliable character, and more to be depended upon, than the others?-Generally they are, and they are more persevering.
12,136. I suppose Messrs. Garriock & Co. know pretty well what men deal at your shop, and what men deal at their own?-I think they do.
12,137. Have you ever obtained from them, or through them, payment of any accounts that have been run up by men at your shop?-No. I would not like to apply to them for that. I think they would rather pay the money to the men themselves.
12,138. Do the men who deal with you upon accounts generally keep pa.s.s-books?-Some of them do.
12,139. Do you find any irregularity or difficulty in settling their accounts, in consequence of the want of pa.s.s-books?-I find none; but, of course, if a man understands accounts, and keeps a pa.s.s-book, I find it more agreeable to settle with him. The more ignorant a man is, the more trouble you have in settling with him.
12,140. Are there any other buyers of dried fish in that district than Garriock & Co.?-There is no other person who buys them in large quant.i.ties.
12,141. There may be small buyers, but I suppose they don"t have much chance in the circ.u.mstances you have already described?- No; they don"t have a chance.
12,142. How do these small buyers get any fish all?-There are very few who buy dried fish, and who have the chance of getting much. They might get few tons in some years, but not as a regular thing.
12,143. Is there any public-house in the parish of Walls?-No.
12,144. Or any one who has a grocer"s licence?-No, there has not been one for some years.
12,145. You don"t hold a grocer"s licence for the sale of spirits?- No.
12,146. Where do people in that parish get their supplies of liquor?-There are two licensed houses in the next parish of Sandsting-one at Tresta, and one the Bridge of Walls, on the Sandsting side.
12,147. Have the people to go there for all their supplies of that kind?-Yes.
12,148. I believe they are a very temperate people?-I think they are.
12,149. Have you ever been asked to purchase second-hand goods in small quant.i.ties by your neighbours, by people coming from a distance?-No.
12,150. Have you not been asked to buy small packet of tea across the counter?-Never.
12,151. Do you know whether the people in your district sometimes get their supplies of tea from those who have got the tea in exchange for hosiery in Lerwick?-No; there is no practice of that kind among us.
12,152. If it happens, it will be an exceptional thing so far as you know?-I never knew any case of the kind.
12,153. When you were engaged in the fish business yourself, were you ever asked to advance the rent of any fisherman from whom you had bought fish?-I might sometimes advance money to a fisherman to help [Page 299] him to pay his rent, but I cannot say that I was ever pressed either by a factor or a landlord on that point.
12,154. When you gave that advance, it was given directly to the fisherman?-Yes, and voluntarily.
12,155. Do you ever make money advances now for that purpose, or for any other purpose, to your customers who have accounts with you?-I have not done so within the last two or three years; in fact, most of the men don"t need it; they can get on without it.
12,156. The accounts incurred to you, and which are settled for at the end of the year, are paid in cash, I suppose, for the most part?-Yes, in cash.
12,157. The only things you get in part payment, and which are entered on the other side of the account, are eggs and sometimes b.u.t.ter?-There is not much b.u.t.ter. The greater part of my trade is done in cash.
12,158. But eggs and hosiery may sometimes be entered in the account?-Not much hosiery. I don"t do much in that way.
12,159. You said it might amount to 50, but the transactions, I suppose, are settled at the time?-Yes. In some years I do not do the half of that, but would cover my transactions in that way in any year. I remember some years ago buying three or four times as much, but now the knitters all go to Lerwick with their work.
12,160. What hosiery you do buy is all settled for at the time?- Yes, it is paid right off there and then. The articles are offered to us, and if we are satisfied with the quality and the price we take them, the same as in any other money transaction.
12,161. Do the accounts which you settle at November or December generally amount to some pounds apiece?-Yes; with those fishermen to whom we have advanced.
12,162. Are these accounts generally paid in cash which the men have got from Messrs. Garriock & Co. for the sale of their fish to them?-Yes.
12,163. I suppose you take good care to bring as many of your accounts as possible to settlement immediately after the settling time with Garriock & Co.?-Yes; that is our usual practice.
Lerwick, January 24, 1872, JOHN t.w.a.tT, examined.
12,164. You are a merchant at Voe, in the parish of Walls?-I am.
12,165. How far is that from Bayhall?-About five minutes" walk.
12,166. Have you heard the evidence of Mr. Georgeson?-I have.
12,167. Is your business much of the same description as his?- It is exactly the same. There is no difference between them whatever.
12,168. It is conducted with the same cla.s.s of customers?- Exactly.
12,169. Are your settlements made at the same season?-Yes.
12,170. Have you ever been in the fish-curing business yourself?- Yes. For the last two years I have done little in the winter season.
I get no fish in summer.
12,171. Do you buy the fish green?-Yes; in winter.
12,172. Are you ready to buy them cured if you could get them?- Yes. I have often offered for fish, but I never could get them. I have made the offer publicly to all the boats.
12,173. In what way did you intimate that offer publicly?-I just said to the men that I would buy their fish, and give as high a price for them as another. I have said that if I did not give them 10s.
more, I would not give them 10s. less; but I could not get them.
12,174. What did they say?-They said nothing, but they never gave me the fish.