12,429. What are the other conditions in your agreement?-The owners bind themselves to find the ship, and everything relating to her; to provide the coals necessary for the voyage; and to give the men an allowance of 8 lbs. of bread per week. The men, on the other side, agree to accept of a certain proportion of the fishing: one half, after deducting certain items for salting and curing the fish, in full of wages, or as their interest in the affair; and they also provide bait. The details of the agreement are given in the statement I have produced.
12,430. You say that sixty-three tons of your cure is from crews who cure their own fish and deliver them at one time at the end of the curing season; and these, of course, as you have already said, would be sold at a rather lower price than fish of your own cure?-Yes. They are never equal to our own cure; indeed they cannot be, from want of skill; and from the fish being cured in very small quant.i.ties, they can never be properly pressed.
12,431. Do you know of any case in which a trader in Walls attempted some time ago to introduce the practice of buying fish, and paying for them in cash at delivery?-Yes, I have heard of that, I think, in more cases than one.
12,432. Have you tried it yourself?-No, I don"t think we have.
Sometimes, if we buy small quant.i.ties from the fishermen, we pay them in cash if they wish it so.
12,433. But you have not known any case in which that has been attempted throughout the whole year?-I think the men could always sell for cash at any season if they chose.
12,434. Could they sell in that way to you?-Yes, to me or to any of the dealers in Walls. We would be quite prepared to take their fish and to pay them cash, but we would pay for them at such a safe price that they would not sell them.
12,435. Have you known of any dealer other than yourself who has attempted to introduce that system?-I know that the Walls people have offered to buy from the fishermen generally, and to pay cash if they chose, and they have probably paid some.
12,436. Do you know why they have not succeeded in carrying out that system?-They could not agree with the men about the price.
They would not give so high a price in cash as the men expected.
12,437. You say that last year you employed forty beach boys from thirteen to seventeen years of age, all [Page 308] of whom had cash to get, and none of whom are in advance on the coming season: is that a usual state of things with the people employed in curing?-It is with us.
12,438. But I suppose that, in fact, they all take supplies from your stores during the season?-Yes, more or less. They must have meal to live upon, at any rate.
12,439. And they get that as they want it from you in the course of the season?-Yes.
12,440. Are they paid by beach fees?-Yes; they are paid by a certain sum, which is settled for at the end of the season.
12,441. Are any of them paid by weekly wages?-We have a number of people employed in curing fish, who are paid either daily or weekly-just occasional hands; and we sometimes have to put out quant.i.ties of fish to be cured by contract. These are paid for in cash as soon as the fish are put into the store and weighed.
12,442. In that case, are advances made at your store to the parties so employed?-Yes. We sometimes advance money while the work is going on, but never goods.
12,443. If they want money, do they come to you with a line from the contractor?-We have never given it in that way. If the contractor requires some money to pay the people who are working for him, he comes for it himself.
12,444. Have you any dealings at all with the parties employed under your contractor, or do you make him transact all the necessary business with them?-We transact with him entirely: we have nothing to do with the parties under him.
12,445. Do you also employ parties in the curing at weekly wages yourselves?-Yes. At Reawick and at all the stations we have extra hands on when there is much to do.
12,446. Do you find that these parties require to come to you for supplies before the weekly pay-day?-There are some cases of that kind, I daresay.
12,447. Is it not the case, in the majority of cases, that you have to give them supplies?-The most of our payments in that way are in cash, and they are made every week or ten days.
12,448. Is Sat.u.r.day your pay-day?-We have no fixed pay-day for the people employed among the fish.
12,449. If they require to come for, advances in the meantime, in what way are these given out?-Most of our work in that way is done at Scalloway, where we have no shop, and we could not give them goods. They get their money when their work is done every week, or at all events within the fortnight.
12,450. Do they not get advances of money in the interim?-No, not the daily hands. The contractors whom I mentioned before sometimes get some money.
12,451. But the daily hands don"t get any money until the settlement?-Not as a rule. I may perhaps give them a few shillings between the pays, but that is not common thing; they don"t require it.
12,452. If they want supplies in the meantime, have you any idea how they get them?-I have no doubt they can get credit from the shops in Scalloway.
12,453. Do you know whether they have a practice of applying to your manager there for a line or a certificate, to the effect that they have wages to receive in order to satisfy the shopkeeper?-No; I don"t think they do that.
12,454. Have you ever known of such cases?-I don"t remember of any case, and I don"t think there has ever been a case of the kind.
12,455. Do you know whether these people run accounts with the shopkeepers in Scalloway?-I know that often what they have to get on the Sat.u.r.day night is partly forestalled in the shops.
12,456. Have they told you that, or how have you found it out?-I have found out from the shops that they were giving them credit.
12,457. Have the shopkeepers applied to you to stop their wages?-No; I would not stand that. I have always paid the money over to the people themselves, and if they have run accounts they have to go themselves and pay them.
12,458. Have you found a tendency among the people employed by you to run into debt in that way at Scalloway?-Yes.
12,459. Do you not think that is due to the system which prevails in the country, of running accounts instead of paying in ready money?-I cannot say.
12,460. Would you say that a party who was engaged to work to you for a week at curing, feels that it is a natural thing when he has money to receive at the end of the week, to have it all exhausted by his out-takes from the shop before it is due?-I don"t know if it is the feeling; but it is just a custom they have got into, and a bad custom.
12,461. Then there is such a tendency to get into debt before the pay is due even when it is paid in cash?-Yes, there is a tendency in that way.
12,462. You say that you found the hosiery trade a losing one for you, but convenient for your customers?-Yes; that is the only reason why we have anything to do with it.
12,463. Is it convenient for your customers because they get supplies of goods for hosiery at your shop, without the necessity of taking the hosiery to another market and selling it?-Yes.
When they come to us with money and eggs, and produce of that kind, they may have some hosiery with them too; and we cannot very well turn them away, and cause them to go a great distance with it.
12,464. Do you fix the price of the hosiery?-Yes.
12,465. You do not require to take it at a price which would not remunerate yourselves?-No. Of course, if they asked more than we were inclined to give, they would have to take it away.
12,466. Have you any dealings in kelp?-None. There is some kelp on Dr. Scott"s property, but Mr. Adie purchases it.
12,467. Does he pay a rent to Mr. Scott for the kelp sh.o.r.es?-He pays a trifle; it is not much.
12,468. You say you have a certain number of boats engaged in what is called the home cod fishing?-Yes, they are small smacks.
12,469. You are almost the only people who are still engaged in that business?-Yes.
12,470. What number of vessels do you employ in that way?-We had five out last year; we used to have ten or twelve.
12,471. What would be the number of the crews in these five vessels?-They would average nine hands.
12,472. How long in the year are they engaged in that fishing?- For a little more than three months, from 1st May to 15th August.
The men in that fishing go on shares, and are settled with in the same way as those on board the Faroe smacks. The arrangement as to the division is different in these vessels The crew get seven-twelfths of the earnings, and we don"t find bread or coals.
12,473. Do these men come home oftener than the Faroe fishers?-Yes; they come home weekly. I now produce a settlement with one of these vessels.[Produces it.]
12,474. That shows that, as nearly as possible, four-fifths of the whole earnings were paid in cash?-Yes. Two of these men are our tenants. I think we had three of Mr. Hay"s tenants in that vessel. It is a mixed crew; we never ask whose property they are on when we engage them.
12,475. You say in your statement that your firm has no separate accounts for the wife and none with the other members of the family, unless when they are working or fishing for themselves: is that when the other members of the family are fishermen or beach boys?-Yes.
12,476. Or when the wife is engaged in curing?-We have no married women employed in any branch of our business.