13,545. Had you seen Mr. Irvine after you came back and before you settled with him?-Yes.
13,546. Was it when you first came back that he asked you to go to Faroe in the following season?-It was at the time when I settled, and also when I joined the vessel.
13,547. Do you think if you had not refused to go in one of Messrs.
Hay"s vessels to the Faroe fishing you would have been charged with peat leave?-I don"t know about that.
13,548. Is the charge for peats just so much for each fire that is burned?-We don"t know; it is just included in the rent.
13,549. Is it not charged separately from the rent?-No; it is all put together, so far as I know; it is all called land-rent.
13,550. Have you any note of your settlement with Mr. Irvine in 1866?-No. I don"t think I got any receipt then; but I got a receipt yesterday when I paid the half-year"s rent.
13,551. I suppose the people in Burra were quite at liberty to go to the Faroe fishing with any person they pleased during the last twelve years?-No, some of them were not at liberty, but I was at liberty because I had charge of a vessel. A single man who was not master of a vessel did not have liberty.
13,552. How do you know that?-Because I have been told of tenants who had to pay 1 in consequence of their sons going to the Faroe fishing. Andrew Laurenson paid 1 for going to Faroe in Messrs. Harrison"s employ, and he has not got it back. I don"t know any one else who has not got the money back except him; but there may be others who had to pay it, and who have not got it back.
13,553. Were a number of the young men obliged to go to the fishing in Hay & Co."s vessels?-A good few of them went in their vessels, and some of them left and went in the vessels of other owners.
13,554. But did you know of any man leaving another owner"s vessel in which he was engaged, and going in one of Hay & Co."s because they required him to do so?-No; I only know that money was paid for that.
13,555. Do you understand that if you had not been a master, but had been merely an ordinary seaman, you would have been obliged to go in Messrs. Hay"s vessels?-So far as I know, I would.
13,556. Would you have been bound to do so if they had offered you as good a vessel as master as the one you were going in?-I don"t think it; I never heard anything about that. I wish to say that I could get turf from another island which would not cost me over one-fourth of the pound which Hay & Co. charged me for peat leave. My father asked Mr. Irvine yesterday whether, if I got the turf in that way, he would take the pound off me, and he said he would not.
13,557. What kind of agreement do you sign with Harrison & Co.
when you go to the Faroe fishing?-It is a written agreement.
13,558. I suppose the fishermen in the Faroe fishing regard themselves as partners with the owners of the ship to the extent of one half?-Yes, that is what we sign for.
13,559. The owners of the ship are always the curers that you deliver the fish to?-Yes.
13,560. And I suppose the owners employ men as curers?-Yes.
13,561. The payment which the fishermen get at the end of the year will depend a good deal upon the way in which the fish are cured, because, if they are ill cured, the fishermen will receive less money?-Yes.
13,562. Or if the fish are ill sold the fishermen will also suffer?- Yes.
13,563. Therefore the fishermen have as much interest in the curing and sale of the fish as the owner has?-Yes.
13,564. But I suppose you leave the management of these matters in the hands of the owners?-Yes; the owners have all the management.
13,565. Is it understood in the Faroe fishing that you get one half of the actual returns from the fishing?-They tell us so.
13,566. It is not according to any current price that you get it, but it is one half of the actual price at which the fish are sold which you are to get?-Yes.
13,567. And you trust entirely to the owners to obtain that price, and to account to you for one half of that, under certain deductions?-Yes.
13,568. Do you know what deductions are allowed before the proceeds of the fish are divided?-I cannot tell; I have seen it all in the agreement, but I cannot recollect what it is just now. It is every man"s wish to see a bill of sale for their fish at settling time, but such a thing has never been asked for. I have never asked for it so long as I have gone to the fishing.
13,569. You think you ought to see the bill of sale?-Yes; and that is the opinion of all the fishermen, so far as I know.
13,570. Do the men in Harrison & Son"s employment undertake to be ready to join the vessel for putting in salt, bending sails, and so forth, at a certain time before the vessel leaves?-Yes, and that is usually done.
13,571. How long are you bound to remain in the vessel?-Until about 13th August.
13,572. On board the vessel, what do you do with the fish when you catch them?-We bleed them, and wash and split them, and salt them in the hold, and generally prepare them so as to fetch the best market.
13,573. The deductions which are charged before dividing the fish are the expenses of curing and the price of the salt?-Yes. They put the salt and curing altogether, and charge 2, 10s. for that.
13,574. They do not charge the actual cost, but make a slump charge for the whole work?-Yes.
13,575. There is also an allowance deducted of 10s. per ton to the master, and 2s. 6d. to the mate?-Yes.
13,576. And the agreement which you sign provides for a certain quant.i.ty of bread for each man?-Yes, 8 lbs. of bread per week; and there is an allowance of 9d. for score money. The score money is paid before the division is made, so that one half is paid by the owners and one half by the men themselves.
13,577. Is it also part of the bargain, that the fishermen are liable for breaking lines or spoiling any part of the vessel?-Yes.
13,578. On returning you put the vessel into dock and unbend the sails?-Yes.
13,579. There is a stipulation in the agreement against smuggling, is there not?-Yes.
13,580. Is there any smuggling carried on at Faroe-Not a great deal now.
13,581. Is there any arrangement about going farther north than Faroe if required?-Yes; if the master thinks it prudent to go to Iceland or elsewhere before a certain time, the men are taken bound to go, and in that case they are paid by wages, which are fixed in the agreement. They begin to run from the 13th or [Page 338] the middle of August, and continue till 1st October. But if we are going to Iceland during the summer, the men run their share of the fishing the same as they do at Faroe.
13,582. It is only for a late voyage to Iceland that they get wages?-Yes.
13,583. Do you often go upon these late voyages?-I have done so for the last few years.
13,584. Are the men bound to go upon them?-They are bound to go if the master or owners require them; but there are plenty of men to be got at that period of the year, so that if any man wants his liberty then he can get it.
13,585. You can fill up your crew from other boats which are not going upon these late voyages?-Yes.
13,586. Does the Iceland voyage commence from Foroe, or do you come to from Lerwick first?-We come back to Lerwick.
13,587. There is a scale of victualling for that voyage contained in the agreement?-Yes.
13,588. The men don"t provide their own food?-No; it is provided by the owners. The men provide nothing.
13,589. There is a less supply of bread on the Iceland voyage than on the other voyage, is there not?-Very little less. They have 8 lbs. per week in the summer time, and 7 lbs. at Iceland.
13,590. Do you always get ample supplies according to your agreement?-Yes.
13,591. Do you also get your small stores and outfits from the owner"s shop?-Yes. We always go to his shop for what we want at leaving.
13,592. Do you also run an account with Messrs. Harrison for supplies to your family during your absence?-Perhaps some of the men do that, but I don"t do it. I pay the money for what I want, and get it where it can be got best.
13,593. Do you run no account at all?-Not much. I sometimes run an account for a little with Messrs. Harrison when I want anything,-perhaps in the year, and that is settled at settling time.