After his retirement, the Secretary of State, who had already been impressed with the high value of his researches, sanctioned a recurring grant of Rs. 30,000 a year (for him and his a.s.sistants) for 5 years and a non-recurring grant of Rs. 25,000 (for equipment) for continuation of his original work.... And, in further recognition of his valuable scientific work, the Government conferred on him a Knighthood, on the 1st January 1917. It may, however, be mentioned that this high honour has been bestowed for the first time on an Indian for his original work in Science.
FEELS THE NECESSITY FOR THE FOUNDATION OF AN INSt.i.tUTE
Relieved of the trammels of service, Dr. Bose felt the necessity for realising a dream that wove a network round his wakeful life for years past--for establishing an Inst.i.tute--a Study and Garden of Life--where the creepers, plants and trees would be played upon by their natural environment and would transcribe in their own script the history of their experience, where "the student would watch the panorama of life"
and, "isolated from all distractions, would learn to attune himself with Nature and to see how community throughout the great ocean of life outweighs apparent the dissimilarity," and where "the genius of India would find its true blossoming," where the "synthetical intellectual methods of the East would co-operate with the a.n.a.lytical methods of the West," and whence would emanate a rich and peculiar current of thought and to which would be attracted votaries from all lands.[46]
THE BOSE INSt.i.tUTE
Though the realisation of such a glorious Inst.i.tute would not be effected through one life or one fortune, he wanted to accomplish something--something, so far as it lay in his power. So he proceeded to build and equip an Inst.i.tute--the "Bose Inst.i.tute"--at a cost of about 5 lakhs, the entire savings of his lifetime. While it was being constructed Their Excellencies the Viceroy and the Governor of Bengal paid a visit to Dr. Bose"s private laboratory. On the 30th November 1917--the anniversary of his sixtieth birthday--he dedicated the Inst.i.tute to the Nation, for the progress of Science and for the Glory of India.
THE AIMS OF THE INSt.i.tUTE
In this Inst.i.tute, Dr. Bose intends to go on with "the further and fuller investigation of the many and ever-opening problems of the nascent science which includes both Life and None Life" and wants to train up a devoted band of workers, with the Sanyasin mind, who would keep alive the flame kindled by him, and who, by acute observation and patient experiment would "wring out from Nature some of her most jealously guarded secrets" and who would thus lead to the establishment of a great Indian School of Science and to the "building of the greater India yet to be." There would be no academic limitation here to the widest possible diffusion of knowledge. The facilities of the Inst.i.tute would be available to workers from all countries and there would be no desecration of knowledge here by its utilisation for personal gain--no patent would be taken of the discoveries here made. The high aim of a great Seat of Learning would be sought to be maintained here. The lectures here given would not be mere repet.i.tions, second-hand knowledge but would announce for the first time to the world the new discoveries here made.[47]
The efforts of Dr. Bose have also animated our countrymen. Maharaja Sir Manindra Chandra Nandy of Kasimbazar has made a gift of two lakhs to the Inst.i.tute. Mr. S. R. Bomanji has given one lakh. Mr. Moolraj Khatao has endowed the Inst.i.tute with two lakh and a quarter. Other contributions are still pouring in.
A GREAT "SADHAK"
With a true _Sanyasin_ spirit, Dr. Bose applied himself to the study of Nature. His ardour was ever compa.s.sable. Even the limitations of the senses would hardly fetter him in his explorations in the regions of the Unknown. He expended the range of perception by means of wonderfully sensitive instrumental devices. By acute observations and patient experiment he wrung out from Nature some of her most jealously guarded secrets in the realm of Electric Radiation, which "literally filled with wonder and admiration" the greatest scientist of the age. Allurements of great material prospects--which might lead him to the path of immense fortune--came to him, in the shape of the patents of his inventions.
But they had no attraction for him. In utter disregard of all worldly advancement, he continued in his pursuit of knowledge.
In pursuit of his investigations on Electric Radiation, he was unconsciously led into the border region of Physics and Physiology. He caught a glimpse of ineffable wonder that remained hidden behind the view. He attempted to lift the veil. And, at once, difficulties presented themselves one after another. An unfamiliar caste in the domain of Science got offended. He was asked not to encroach on the special preserve of the Physiologists and, as he did not pay any heed to the warning, misrepresentations began. Even the evidence of his supersensitive appliances failed to convince many. And the Royal Society withheld publication of his researches. He was recompensed with ridicule and reviling. The limited facilities that he had in the prosecution of his researches were in danger of being withdrawn. But he had a burning Faith in the Vision and was not to be boggled at with these difficulties. He became stronger in his determination. Realising an inner call, he dedicated himself for the establishment of the truth underlying his Faith. He cast his life, as an offering, regarding success and failure as one, and engaged himself in a protracted struggle to get behind the deceptive seeming into the reality that remained unseen. After years of sustained efforts, he succeeded in overcoming almost insuperable difficulties in the way of the realisation of the great dream of his life. The closed doors at last opened, and the seemingly impossible became possible. The secret of the plant world stood revealed by the autographs of the plants themselves. "It was when I came upon the mute witness of these self-made records," said Sir J. C.
Bose, when he stood before the Royal Inst.i.tution "and perceived in them one phase of a pervading unity that bears within it all things: the mote that quivers in ripples of light, the teeming life upon our earth, and the radiant suns that shine above us--it was then that I understood for the first time a little of that message proclaimed by my ancestors on the banks of the Ganges thirty centuries ago."
"They who see but one in all the changing manifestations of this universe, unto them belongs Eternal Truth--unto none else, unto none else." [48]
The Rishis of ancient India, by their intense Yoga, realised the One in the Many. But Sir Jagadis Chandra, by rigorous experimental demonstration, realised a Unity amidst Diversity. He perceived that "there was no such thing as brute matter, but that spirit suffused matter in which it was enshrined."[49]
EFFECT OF HIS WORK
It is impossible to estimate the effect of his epoch-making researches.
The psychic stone flung by him into the pool of physical botany, has made the ripples run in so many directions. There have been produced "unexpected revelations in plant life, foreshadowing the wonders of the highest animal life." And there "have opened out very extended regions of inquiry in Physics, in Physiology, in Medicine, in Agriculture and even in Psychology. Problems, hitherto regarded as insoluble, have now been brought within the sphere of experimental investigation."
Sir J.C. Bose has not only extended the distant boundaries of Science, but, by his peculiarly Indian contribution, has secured a recognised place for India and has revived a hope in the Indian mind that India may yet regain a place among the intellectual nations of the world. Men like him are rare not only in India but rare any where in the world. May he live long!
[Footnote 1: Vide "History of a Failure that was great"--Modern Review, Vol. XXI, p. 221.]
[Footnote 2: Vide "History of a Failure that was great"--Modern Review.
Vol. XXI p. 221.]
[Footnote 3: _Vide_ "History of a failure that was great"--Modern Review, Vol. XXI, p 221.]
[Footnote 4: "History of a Failure that was great"--Modern Review. Vol, XXI, p. 221.]
[Footnote 5: Convocation Address, dated 2nd March 1907, delivered by Sir Ashutosh Mookerjea.]
[Footnote 6: Vide Evidence of Dr. J. C. Bose before the Public Services Commission,--Vol. XX, p. 136.]
[Footnote 7: Address to the Royal Society by its President, Sir Benjamin Brodie, 30th November 1859.]
[Footnote 8: 1 metre = 39.4 inches]
[Footnote 9: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Vol IX, p. 206.]
[Footnote 10: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Vol. IX, p. 206.]
[Footnote 11: See "History of a Discovery"--Modern Review, Vol. XVIII, p. 693.]
[Footnote 12: See "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XII, p. 590.]
[Footnote 13: Vide "History of a Discovery"--Modern Review, Vol. XVIII, p. 694.]
[Footnote 14: Response in Living and Non-Living, p. 191.]
[Footnote 15: See "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XXII, p. 588.]
[Footnote 16: See "History of a Discovery"--Modern Review, Vol. XVIII, p. 694.]
[Footnote 17: Vide "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XXII, p. 592.]
[Footnote 18: See "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XXII, p. 592.]
[Footnote 19: Vide "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XXII, p. 592.]
[Footnote 20: Vide "History of a Discovery"--Modern Review, Vol. XVIII, p. 694.]
[Footnote 21: Cf. Preface to "Comparative Electro-Physiology" p. IX.]
[Footnote 22: Vide "Comparative Electro-Physiology" pp. 732-733.]
[Footnote 23: Vide "Memory Image and its Revival," Sir J. C.
Bose--Modern Review, Vol. XXIV, p. 447.]
[Footnote 24: Sri Sermon on "Prayer" delivered by Keshub Chunder Sen at the Prarthana Samaj, Bombay, on March 26, 1868.]
[Footnote 25: See "Voice of Life"--Modern Review, Vol. XXII, p. 588.]
[Footnote 26: Vide Modern Review Vol. XI, p. 539.]
[Footnote 27: Vide Appendix to the Report of the Royal Commission on the Public Services in India, Vol. XX, p. 135-136.]
[Footnote 28: Vide Appendix to the Report of the Royal Commission on the Public Services in India, Vol. XX, p. 135.]