A little before 2 p.m. on August 9, 2001, twenty-two-year-old Izz al-Din Shuheil al-Masri blew himself up at the crowded Sbarro pizza parlor at King George Street and Jaffa Road. Al-Masri was from an affluent family in the West Bank.
Between five and ten kilograms of explosives sprayed nails, nuts, and bolts into the summer crowd, killing 15 people and maiming another 130. Between this horror and the Dolphinarium bombing a few months earlier, the citizenry of Israel was almost blind with grief and rage. Whatever group or faction was behind these attacks had to be identified and stopped before more innocents were killed. Otherwise, events would very likely spiral out of control and unleash unprecedented death and heartache across the region.
Again and again, the Shin Bet pored over every detail of the bombing, trying to connect it to the five guys at the safe house-Muhammad Jamal al-Natsheh, Saleh Talahme, Ibrahim Hamed, Sayyed al-Sheikh Qa.s.sem, and Hasaneen Rummanah-but not a shred of evidence tied them to the Dolphinarium or Sbarro attacks.
Who could have made such bombs? Certainly not some chemistry or engineering student. We knew every one of them, the grades they got, and what they ate for breakfast.
Whoever was building these bombs was an expert, didn"t seem to be affiliated with any of the Palestinian factions, and was flying way below our radar. Somehow, we had to find him before he made more bombs. This guy was superdangerous.
What we didn"t realize at the time was that Arafat"s people had received a call from the CIA shortly after the Sbarro attack. "We know who made the bombs," the Americans told them. "His name is Abdullah Barghouti; he lives with a relative named Bilal Barghouti. Here is their address. Go arrest them."
Within hours, Abdullah and Bilal Barghouti were in PA custody-not that the Palestinian Authority wanted to arrest them, but to keep the money and logistical support flowing from Washington, Arafat knew it had to at least appear appear that the PA was doing its part to keep the peace. I believe Arafat would have preferred to give Abdullah Barghouti a medal rather than a prison sentence. that the PA was doing its part to keep the peace. I believe Arafat would have preferred to give Abdullah Barghouti a medal rather than a prison sentence.
No sooner was Abdullah comfortably secured at Preventive Security Headquarters than another Barghouti-Marwan-showed up to get him out. The PA could not release Abdullah-the CIA had dropped him into their laps, and America expected them to deal with him. Israel expected the same and would definitely take more decisive action if the PA neglected its duty. So Marwan gave Abdullah food, clothes, and money, keeping him under a type of house arrest-working in a nice office, smoking, drinking coffee, and chatting with top security officers.
Though not related, Marwan Barghouti and Abdullah Barghouti shared an interesting common history. They both had connections to the twenty-three-year-old certifiable lunatic named Muhaned Abu Halawa, who had been a lieutenant to Ahmad Ghandour.
Halawa was a Fatah field commander and a member of Force17. When you think of elite troops like Force 17 and Saddam Hussein"s Republican Guards, discipline, skill, and sharp training come to mind. But Halawa didn"t fit the model. He was an uneducated loose cannon who often carried around one of the huge machine guns usually mounted on jeeps. Halawa routinely distributed guns to other extremists and unsavory characters who then used them when driving by checkpoints, strafing soldiers and civilians indiscriminately.
Back in May, for example, he had given someone a couple of loaded AK-47s and a sack of bullets. Not long after, this man and a friend waited in ambush along a road coming out of Jerusalem and put thirteen of those bullets into a Greek Orthodox monk named Tsibouktsakis Germa.n.u.s. Halawa rewarded the killers with more guns for an attack he was planning at Hebrew University on Mount Scopus.
Understandably, it wasn"t long before Israel pressured the Shin Bet to put Halawa permanently out of business. Because of my Hamas connections, I was the only one in the Shin Bet who could identify him. But for the first time in my life, I was facing a real moral dilemma. Something inside me was completely opposed to killing this man, regardless of how bad he was.
I went home and pulled out my now-worn Bible. I searched and searched and could find nothing in the Bible that would sanction murder. But I also couldn"t deal with the blood that would be on my hands if we let him go on living and shooting people. I felt caught.
I kept thinking and praying to G.o.d Almighty, until finally I prayed, Forgive me, Lord, for what I am about to do. Forgive me. This man cannot live. Forgive me, Lord, for what I am about to do. Forgive me. This man cannot live.
"That"s good," Loai said, when I told him my decision. "We"ll get him. You just make sure that Marwan Barghouti is not in the car with him."
Marwan was not only a big-shot Palestinian, he was also a terrorist in his own right with a lot of Israeli blood on his hands. And as much as the Shin Bet hated him, they did not want him a.s.sa.s.sinated because he would make a formidable martyr.
On August 4, 2001, I was sitting in my car outside of Barghouti"s office when I saw Halawa walk in. A couple of hours later, he came out, got into his gold VW Golf, and drove off. I called the security forces and a.s.sured them that Halawa was alone.
From inside a tank at the top of a nearby hill, IDF soldiers watched Halawa"s car, waiting for a clear shot with no civilians close by. The first armor-piercing missile headed for the windshield, but Halawa must have seen it coming, because he opened his door and tried to jump out. He wasn"t fast enough. The missile exploded and threw him out of the car. My car-which was sitting several hundred yards away-shook with the force of the blast. A second missile missed and hit the street. The Golf was in flames, and so was Halawa-but he wasn"t dead. As I watched him run through the streets, screaming in pain as the flames engulfed his body, my heart nearly pounded out of my chest.
What had we done?
"What are you doing!" the Shin Bet yelled at me through my cell phone when they caught sight of my car so close to the scene. "Do you want to get killed? Get out of there!"
Though I was not supposed to be anywhere near the attack site, I had driven down to see what would happen. I felt responsible and obligated to see what I was a part of. It was indeed stupid. If I had been spotted, it would have been too much of a coincidence for anybody to believe that I wasn"t involved in the a.s.sa.s.sination attempt, and I would have been exposed for sure.
That evening, I went with my father and Marwan Barghouti to the hospital to visit Halawa. His face was so horribly burned I couldn"t even look at him. But it seemed he was too fanatical to die.
He went into hiding for several months, and I heard that he had shot himself accidentally and almost bled to death. But even that wasn"t enough to slow him down. He just kept killing people. Then one day, Loai called me.
"Where are you?"
"I"m at home."
"Okay, stay there."
I didn"t ask what was going on. I had learned to trust Loai"s instructions. A couple of hours later, Loai called again. Apparently, Halawa had been eating with some friends at a fried chicken restaurant close to my house. An Israeli spy spotted him and verified his ident.i.ty. When Halawa and his friends left the restaurant, two helicopters dropped out of the sky, launched their missiles, and that was it.
After Halawa"s a.s.sa.s.sination, some members of the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades visited that restaurant and found a seventeen-year-old kid who had been one of the last people to see Halawa before he got into his car. He was an orphan with no family to protect him. So they tortured him, and he confessed to collaborating with the Israelis. They shot him, tied his body to the back of a car, dragged it through the streets of Ramallah, and hung him from the tower in the square.
At the same time, the media started screaming that Israel had tried to kill Marwan Barghouti, which of course, it hadn"t. I knew the organization had taken care to avoid killing him. But everybody believed the newspapers and Al-Jazeera, so Marwan Barghouti decided to make some political capital out of the rumor. He began boasting, "Yes, they tried to a.s.sa.s.sinate me, but I was too smart for them."
When Abdullah Barghouti heard the news in prison, he believed it, too, and sent a few of his special bombs to Marwan"s a.s.sistant to be used to unleash a terrible revenge on the Israelis. Marwan very much appreciated the gesture and felt indebted to Abdullah.
Abdullah"s arrival had marked a dramatic change in the conflict between Israel and Palestine. First, his bombs were dramatically more sophisticated and devastating than anything we had seen before, making Israel a lot more vulnerable and increasing pressure on the administration to stop the bombers.
Second, the Al-Aqsa Intifada was no longer confined to Palestine. Barghouti was an outsider, born in Kuwait. Who could tell what other threats to Israel might lie in wait beyond its borders?
Third, Barghouti was not somebody who was easy to keep track of. He wasn"t Hamas. He wasn"t PA. He was just Barghouti, an anonymous independent death machine.
Soon after Abdullah"s arrest, the PA asked Marwan to talk to him about any future attacks he may have planned.
"Okay," Marwan said. "I"ll have Ha.s.san Yousef talk to him."
Marwan knew my father felt strongly about political corruption and had heard about his efforts to make peace between Hamas and the PA. He called my dad, who agreed to go talk with Abdullah.
My father had never heard of Abdullah Barghouti, who certainly wasn"t a member of Hamas. But he warned Abdullah, "If you have anything planned, you need to tell the PA so we can stop it for now and take off some of the pressure we"re getting from Israel, at least for the next few weeks. If there is another explosion like the ones at the Dolphinarium or Sbarro, Israel will come into the West Bank in force. They"ll get tough with the PA leaders, and they"ll take you."
Abdullah admitted that he had sent several bombs to Nablus, where some fighters were planning to load the explosives into four cars, surround Israeli foreign minister Shimon Peres while he was traveling, and a.s.sa.s.sinate him. He also revealed that Hamas operatives in the north were going to blow up a number of Israeli lawmakers. Unfortunately, he didn"t know who the bombers were, who they had targeted, or who was planning to a.s.sa.s.sinate Peres. He had only a telephone number.
My father came home and shared what he had learned with me. We were now privy to information about a plot to a.s.sa.s.sinate one of Israel"s highest-ranking officials-the foreign minister. The ramifications were chilling.
Obviously, there was nothing to do but place a call to Abdullah"s contact. Marwan Barghouti didn"t want Abdullah to use his phone, and my father didn"t want him to use his either. We all knew that the Israelis would be listening, and neither man wanted to be connected with the terrorist operations.
So my father sent me out to buy a disposable cell phone on which we could make the call before throwing the phone into the trash. I bought the phone, wrote down the number, and called it in to the Shin Bet so they could trace the call.
Abdullah called his contact in Nablus and told him to stop whatever he was doing until he heard otherwise. As soon as Israeli intelligence learned what had been planned, they put extra security on every member of the Knesset and the cabinet. Finally, after a couple of months, things began to calm down a little.
In the meantime, Marwan continued to work toward Abdullah"s release, not only because Abdullah had provided him with bombs, but also because he wanted him free to kill more Israelis. In addition to being one of the leaders of the Second Intifada, Marwan Barghouti was also a terrorist who was personally shooting soldiers and settlers.
Eventually, the PA did release Abdullah Barghouti. The Shin Bet was furious.
Then everything got really crazy.
Chapter Twenty-One
The GameSummer 2001Spring 2002.
On August 27, 2001, an Israeli helicopter fired two rockets into the office of Abu Ali Mustafa, secretary-general of the PFLP. One of the rockets struck him as he sat at his desk.
The following day, more than fifty thousand outraged Palestinians, along with Mustafa"s family, attended his funeral. Mustafa had opposed the peace process and the Oslo Accords. Nevertheless, he was a moderate like my father, and we had gone together to hear him lecture many times.
Israel credited him with nine car-bomb attacks, but it wasn"t true. Like my dad, he was a political leader, not a military leader. Israel had absolutely no evidence against him. I knew that for a fact. But it didn"t matter. They a.s.sa.s.sinated Mustafa anyway-perhaps in retaliation for the carnage at the Sbarro restaurant, or perhaps because of the Dolphinarium ma.s.sacre. More likely, they simply wanted to send a message to Ya.s.ser Arafat. In addition to his role in the PFLP, Mustafa was also a member of the PLO"s Executive Committee.
Two weeks later, on September 11, nineteen Al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four jetliners in the United States. Two crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City. Another crashed into the Pentagon in Washington. And the fourth went down in a field in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. All told, 2,973 people died in addition to the terrorists themselves.
As the news media struggled to keep up with the unbelievable events continuing to unfold, I sat with the rest of the world watching again and again the reports of the Twin Towers collapsing, white ash covering Church Street like a February blizzard. I felt a rush of shame when I saw the footage of Palestinian children celebrating in the streets of Gaza.
The attack reduced the Palestinian cause to ashes, too, as the world shouted with one voice against terrorism-any terrorism, for any cause. In the weeks to follow, the Shin Bet began searching for lessons to be found in the rubble of what would come to be known simply as 9/11.
Why had the U.S. intelligence services not been able to prevent the disaster? For one thing, they operated independently and compet.i.tively. For another, they relied mostly on technology and rarely collaborated with terrorists. Those tactics may have been fine in the Cold War, but it"s pretty tough to combat fanatical ideals with technology.
Israeli intelligence, on the other hand, relied mostly on human resources; had countless spies in mosques, Islamic organizations, and leadership roles; and had no problem recruiting even the most dangerous terrorists. They knew they had to have eyes and ears on the inside, along with minds that understood motives and emotions and that could connect the dots.
America understood neither Islamic culture nor its ideology. That, combined with open borders and lax security, made it a much softer target than Israel. Even so, although my role as a spy enabled Israel to take hundreds of terrorists off the streets, our work couldn"t begin to put an end to terrorism-even in a tiny country like Israel.
About a month later, on October 17, four PFLP gunmen walked into the Jerusalem Hyatt Hotel and a.s.sa.s.sinated Israeli tourism minister Rehavam Ze"evi. They said it was revenge for the Mustafa a.s.sa.s.sination. Despite his seemingly apolitical portfolio, Ze"evi was an obvious target. He publicly advocated a policy of making life so miserable for the three million people in the West Bank and Gaza that they would voluntarily move to other Arab countries. Mixing his metaphors, Ze"evi reportedly once told an a.s.sociated Press reporter that some Palestinians were like "lice" who should be stopped like a "cancer spreading within us."8 t.i.t for tat, the reciprocal killing continued. An eye for an eye-and there was no shortage of eyes.
For several years now, I had worked hard to gather every sc.r.a.p of information I could to help the Shin Bet stop the bloodbath. We continued to keep an eye on Muhammad Jamal al-Natsheh, Saleh Talahme, and the other three guys I had stashed away after their release from the PA prison compound. They changed locations several times, and only Saleh kept in touch with me. But we tracked the others through their families and by monitoring calls on public telephones.
Saleh trusted me, always told me where he was living, and frequently invited me to visit. As I got to know him, I found that I really liked Saleh. He was an amazing man-a brilliant scholar, graduating at the top of his electrical engineering cla.s.s and one of the best students in the history of Birzeit University. To him, I was the son of Ha.s.san Yousef, a good friend and a good listener.
I spent a lot of time with Saleh; his wife, Majeda; and their five children (two boys and three girls). Their older son was named Mosab, like me. Majeda and the kids had come to Ramallah from Hebron to spend a little time with Saleh in his apartment hideout. I was still working on my degree at the time, and one evening, Saleh asked me how school was going.
"Any problems with anything?"
"Yeah, Economical Statistics."
"Okay, tomorrow you bring the book and we"ll sit down together and study. It will be our own little cla.s.s."
When I told Loai and others in the Shin Bet about it, they were pleased. They thought that these tutoring sessions would make a good cover for intelligence gathering.
But it wasn"t entirely a cover. Saleh and I were becoming friends. He taught me, and I actually did very well on the exam a couple of weeks later. I loved him, and I loved his children. I often ate with the family, and over time, a strong bond began to form among all of us. It was a strange relationship because I knew that by now Saleh had become a very dangerous guy. But then again, so had I.
One night in March 2002, I was sitting at home when two men came to the door.
Suspicious, I asked, "How can I help you?"
"We"re looking for Sheikh Ha.s.san Yousef. It"s important."
"Tell me why it"s important."
They explained that they were two of the five suicide bombers who had just arrived from Jordan. Their contact had been arrested, and they needed a safe place to stay.
"Okay," I said. "You came to the right place."
I asked what they needed.
"We have a car full of explosives and bombs, and we need someplace safe to leave it."
Great, I thought, I thought, what am I going to do with a car stuffed with explosives? what am I going to do with a car stuffed with explosives? I had to think quickly. I decided to keep their car in the garage beside our house. It was obviously not one of my brighter ideas, but I was forced to think on my feet. I had to think quickly. I decided to keep their car in the garage beside our house. It was obviously not one of my brighter ideas, but I was forced to think on my feet.
"Okay, here"s some money," I said, emptying my wallet. "Go find a place to stay, get back to me here tonight, and we"ll figure out what to do."
After they left, I called Loai, and to my relief, the Shin Bet came and took the car away.
All five suicide bombers returned a short time later. "Okay," I told them, "from now on, I am your connection to Hamas. I will provide your targets, locations, transportation, everything you need. Do not talk to anyone else, or you might be dead before you have a chance to kill any Israelis."
This situation const.i.tuted an extraordinary windfall in terms of intelligence. Up to now, no one ever knew about suicide bombers before they detonated their explosives. Suddenly, five of them had shown up at my door with a carload of bombs. Thirty minutes after I told the Shin Bet their location, Prime Minister Sharon authorized their a.s.sa.s.sinations.
"You can"t do that," I told Loai.
"What!"
"I know they are terrorists, and they are about to blow themselves up. But those five men are ignorant. They don"t know what they"re doing. You can"t kill them. If you kill them, this is my last operation."
"Are you threatening us?"
"No, but you know how I work. I made an exception once with Halawa, and you remember how that ended. I will not be part of killing people."
"What option is there?"
"Arrest them," I said, though even as I spoke the words, I knew it was a crazy idea. We had the car and the bombs, but these guys still had their belts. If a soldier got within a hundred yards of their one-room flat, they would detonate the belts and take everybody with them.
Even if we managed to get them out alive without anybody else getting killed, they would be sure to mention my name to their interrogators, and I would be burned for sure. Self-preservation told me the safest thing for all concerned was just to let a helicopter fire a couple of missiles into their apartment and be done with it.
But my conscience was being rewired. Though not yet a Christian, I was really trying to follow the ethical teachings of Jesus. Allah had no problem with murder; in fact, he insisted on it. But Jesus held me to a much higher standard. Now I found I couldn"t kill even a terrorist.
At the same time, I had become far too valuable to the Shin Bet for them to risk losing me. They weren"t happy about it, but they finally agreed to call off the a.s.sa.s.sination.
"We have to know what is going on inside that room," they told me. I headed over to the apartment under the pretext of taking the bombers a few pieces of simple furniture. What they didn"t know was that we had placed bugs inside the furniture that allowed us to hear every word they said. Together, we listened in as they discussed who would go first, second, third, etc. Everyone wanted to be first, so they didn"t have to watch their friends die. It was eerie. We were listening to dead men talking.
On March 16, security forces troops moved into position. The bombers were in the center of Ramallah, so the IDF couldn"t bring in tanks. Because the troops had to go in on foot, the operation was very dangerous. I followed the events from my place, as Loai talked to me on the phone and kept me informed of everything that was going on.
"They are going to sleep."
We all waited until sounds of snoring came across the monitors.
The greatest risk was waking them too soon. The troops had to get through the door and reach the beds before any bomber could move a muscle.