Then did your father buy it? (They look at me in astonishment; these are really very strange questions.) No, again. Well then, the snow belongs to every one. And if this is so, we may take a little handful of it. (Evident signs of joy.) I will hand round the boxes you made yesterday. (These children have not desks with lockers in which they may put their little works. Using the boxes will be a good way of demonstrating the utility of their work.) They will do very well to hold the beautiful snow. (I talk to them as I distribute the boxes, that their attention may not flag.) I will take mine too, the one I made with you. It is larger than yours; so which will hold more snow, mine or yours?
_Children_.--Yours.
Come then, children. Put a white handful into your boxes. How delightful!
(Going.) Just stop a moment; how comfortable we are here! Put one hand over your face. How warm your face is, and how warm your hand is too!
We shall see whether your hands will still be so warm after you have touched the snow.
_Children_.--They will be cold.
Yes, indeed. (Going out.) How beautiful it is! It fell down from above. The sky has given the earth a beautiful dress, all ...
_Children_.--White.
At this juncture my children, accustomed to that principle of healthful, ordered liberty which is the main factor in the formation of character, touch and gather up the snow; some of them break the pure surface with little drawings. I let them. I wait a minute, then I make as it were a sudden a.s.sault upon their attention:
Children, I too will take a little snow, but together with all of you.
Stop. Stand up. Look well at me. Let us take away a little strip of the great cloak. Let us put it in our boxes. That"s right.
(Re-entering the schoolroom.) Oh! how cold it is! The children who are not well wrapped up are the coldest. Poor little things! And those who haven"t that thing full of burning coal in their houses!
_Children_.--The stove.
How cold they will be! Come now, quickly; all to your places. Put the boxes on the desk. How cold the snow is! Did you notice how cold it made your hands, which were quite warm?
_Children_.--My hand is cold! Mine too! Etc.
In the courtyard, I saw Caroline take a little snow, and then suddenly let it fall; she was not strong enough to bear such cold. But then she tried again, and the second time she did not drop it.
_Child_.--I didn"t. I putted it (correct) quickly into my box.
Children, when the cold is as great as the cold of the snow, it is called _frost_. Say that, Guido. What is the word? Now you, Giannina.
And the snow which is so cold is ... what? Who can guess?
_A child_.--Frozen.
Say: the snow is _frozen_.
We came indoors, because it is frosty outside, and inside it is ...
_Children_.--Warm.
But we brought with us a frozen thing which is called ...
_Children_.--Snow.
What is it the stove gives us? _Do you remember?_ [4]
_Children_.--Heat.
I want Maria to tell me. And now, Peppino.
[Footnote 4: The children are expected to know that the stove gives out heat, by an effort of _memory_.]
Do you know, our mouths also give out heat. Open yours. Not too much!
Hold up one hand in front of it, the right hand. Breathe on it as I am doing. Let us breathe again; now let us send our breath outwards, as I am doing. Again ... again ... again. That"s right. Now feel. You see your mouth too gives out a little ...
_Children_.--Heat.
Now let us try putting a little snow into it. A little piece like this. Oh! the heat of the mouth is escaping, it has already gone at the icy touch of the snow.
_Children_.--Our mouths are cold now.
Yes, that"s right. They are very, very cold, so cold that they are what we call ...
_Children_.--Freezing.
Perhaps Giuseppe doesn"t know. He didn"t say it with the others. Say it again, that he may say it with you. Again. That will do. Bravo, Giuseppe. So our mouths were ...
_Children_.--Freezing.
Let us eat another little piece of snow. The snow turns to water in our mouths, because it is made of water only. Now bread is made of water too, but not _only_ of water. What does the baker want to make the dough for bread?...
_Children_.--Flour.
And what else?
_Children_.--Salt.
And what else?
_Children_.--Yeast.
I see Luigi is still eating snow, and Alfonso too, and Pierino. Do you like it?
_Children_.--Yes, Signora.
Do you like it?
_Children_.--Yes, Signora. Me too, me too (correct).
Well, eat a little more, but not much, it might make you ill. It is so freezing (I repeat this word very often, because it expresses the idea I am trying to convey).
When it snows it is so very cold, and just think that there are many children, many people, who are not warmly dressed and have no stoves; they are very poor. They suffer very much, and some of them die; poor people! How fortunate we are, on the other hand! We have so many garments (they have learned this word) to cover ourselves with; we have a stove at home and one at school, to warm us. How lucky we are!
_A child_.--I have no stove at home.
I know you have not, Emilio, and I am very sorry. Children, you must be kind to Emilio and Giuseppina, because they are very ...
_Children_.--Poor.