For the painter of pictures (we said) has his colour-box of a few pigments, from which all his harmonies must come by mixing them and diluting them in various proportions, dealing with infinity out of a very limited range of materials, and required to supply all the rest by his own skill and memory.
Coming each day to his work with his palette clean and his colours in their tubes;
Beginning, as it were, all over again each time; and perhaps with his heart cold and his memory dull.
But the gla.s.s-painter has his specimens of gla.s.s round him; some hundreds, perhaps, of all possible tints.
He has, with these, to compose a subject in colour;
There is no getting out of it or shirking it;
He places the bits side by side, with no possibility (which the palette gives) of slurring or diluting or dulling them; he must choose from the clear hard tints;
And he has the whole problem before him;
He removes one and subst.i.tutes another;
"This looks better;" "That is a pleasant harmony;" "Ah! but this makes it sing!"
He gets them into groups, and combines them into harmonies, tint with tint, group with group:
If he is wise he has them always by him;
Always ready to arrange in a movable frame against the window;
He cuts little bits of each; he waxes them, or gums them, into groups on sheets of gla.s.s;
He tries all his effects in the gla.s.s itself; he sketches in gla.s.s.
If he is wise he does this side by side with his water-colour sketch, making each help the other, and thinking in gla.s.s; even perhaps making his water-colour sketch afterwards from the gla.s.s.
Is it not reasonable?
Is it not far more easy, less dangerous?
He has not to rake in his cold and meagre memory to fish out some poor handful of all the possible harmonies;
To repeat himself over and over again.
He has all the colours burning round him; singing to him to use them; sounding all their chords.
Is it not the way? Is it not common sense?
Tints! pure tints! What great things they are.
I remember an old joke of the pleasant Du Maurier, a drawing representing two fashionable ladies discussing the afternoon"s occupation. One says: "It"s quite too dull to see colours at Madame St.
Aldegonde"s; suppose we go to the Old Masters" Exhibition!"
Rather too bad! but the ladies were not so altogether frivolous as might at first appear. I am afraid _Punch_ meant that they were triflers who looked upon colour in dress as important, and colour in pictures as a thing which would do for a dull day. But they were not quite so far astray as this! There are other things in pictures besides colour which can be seen with indifferent light. But to match clear tint against clear tint, and put together harmonies, there is no getting away from the problem! It is all sheer, hard exercise; you want all your light for it; there is no slurring or diluting, no "glazing" or "sc.u.mbling," and it should form a part of the teaching, and yet it never does so, in our academies and schools of art. A curious matter this is, that a painter"s training leaves this great resource of knowledge neglected, leaves the whole thing to memory. Out of all the infinite possible harmonies only getting what rise in the mind at the moment from the unseen. While ladies who want to dress beautifully look at the things themselves, and compare one with another. And how nicely they dress. If only painters painted half as well. If the pictures in our galleries only looked half as harmonious as the crowd of spectators below them! I would have it part of every painter"s training to practise some craft, or at least that branch of some craft, which compels the choosing and arranging, in due proportions for harmony, of clear, sharp glowing colours in some definite material, from a full and lavish range of existing samples. It is true that here and there a painter will arise who has by nature that kind of instinct or memory, or whatever it is, that seems to feel harmonies beforehand, note by note, and add them to one another with infallible accuracy; but very few possess this, and for those who lack I am urging this training. For it is a case of
"the little more and how much it is, And the little less and what worlds away."
Millais hung a daring crimson sash over the creamy-white bed-quilt, in the glow of the subdued night-lamp, in his picture of "Asleep," and we all thought what a fine thing it was. But we have not thought it so fine for the whole art world to burst into the subsequent imitative paroxysm of crashing discords in chalk, lip-salve, and skim-milk, which has lasted almost to this day.
At any rate, I throw out this hint for pupils and students, that if they will get a set of gla.s.s samples and try combinations of colour in them, they will have a bracing and guiding influence, the strength of which they little dream of, regarding one of the hardest problems of their art.
This for the student of painting in general: but for the gla.s.s-painter it is absolutely essential--the central point, the breath-of-life of his art.
To live in it daily and all day.
To be ever dealing with it thus.
To handle with the hands constantly.
To try this piece, and that piece, the little more and the little less.
This is the be-all and end-all, the beginning and the end of the whole matter, and here therefore follow a few hints with regard to it.
And there is one rule of such dominating importance that all other hints group themselves round it; and yet, strangely enough, I cannot remember seeing it anywhere written down.
Take three tints of gla.s.s--a purple, let us say, a crimson, and a green.
Let it be supposed that, for some reason, you desire that this should form a scheme of colour for a window, or part of a window, with, of course, in addition, pure white, and probably some tints more neutral, greenish-whites and olives or greys, for background.
You choose your purple (and, by-the-bye, almost the only way to get a satisfactory one, except by a happy accident now and then, is to double gold-pink with blue; this is the only way to get a purple that will vibrate, palpitating against the eye like the petal of a pansy in the sun). Well, you get your purple, and you get your green--not a sage-green, or an "art-green," but a cold, sharp green, like a leaf of parsley, an aquamarine, the tree in the "Eve" window at Fairford, gra.s.s in an orchard about sunset, or a railway-signal lamp at night.
Your crimson like a peony, your white like white silk; and now you are started.
You put slabs of these--equal-sized samples, we will suppose--side by side, and see "if they will do."
And they don"t "do" at all.
Take away the red.
The green and the purple do well enough, and the white.
But you _want_ the red, you say.
Well, _put back a tenth part of it_.
And how now?
Add a still smaller bit of pale pink.
And how now?
Do you see what it all means? It means the rule we spoke of, and which we may as well, therefore, now announce: